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복지권으로서 교육권 보장을 위한 『장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법』
황정보,이선재,안병주,강경희,김청아 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.2
결핍에서 오는 필요의 개념은 장애인에게 복지권으로서 교육받을 권리를 가장 잘 말해주고 있다. 장애인은 신체적·인지적 손상으로 발생하는 기본적인 생존적 필요의 충족뿐만 아니라 동시에 교육기회 균등이나 개인차의 고려 등을 통해 무지로부터 벗어날 수 있는 보편적 필요가 충족되어야 함을 논의하였다. 장애인들에게 이러한 결핍에 따른 필요를 충족시켜 줄 이론적 근거가 롤즈(J. Rawls)의 정의론이라 할 수 있다. 정의론의 '차등의 원칙'에 따르면, 교육에 있어 비장애인과 장애인 중 먼저 최소 수혜자인 장애인의 교육복지를 우선하여 극대화할 필요성을 제시함으로써, 그들의 교육권 보장을 위한 이론적 근거에 대한 정당화를 논의하였다. 기존의 특수교육진흥법은 '국가가 교육할 권리'를 가지는 국가 주도적 교육이었다면, 「장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법」 제정은 수년간 장애인의 교육권 확보를 위해 애쓴 장애인 교육 주체들이 노력 끝에 '교육받을 권리'를 찾게 된 의미 있는 결실로 평가되어 진다. The concept of need which comes from lack represents well the right to education as welfare rights to individuals with disabilities. It is necessary to meet the universal need of individuals with disabilities such as an equal opportunity for education and the consideration for individual difference as well as their substantial need. The rationale which may satisfy the need associated with the lack can be J. Rawls's a Theory of Justice. The difference principle by Rawls presents the need of the educational welfare of individuals with disabilities(the least advantaged) to take precedence over that of the non-disabled and be maximized, it is considered that he created the rationale that makes secure their right to education. While established Special Education Promotion Law was national-driven education that state had to the education right, the enactment of 'the Special Education Law for the Individuals with Disabilities, etc.' can be a significant fruit which takes back 'the right to education by citizens' by the educational subjects of the individuals with disability who have taken pains to secure their right to education for years.
Kang, Bo-Kyeong,Yu, Eun Sil,Lee, Seung Soo,Lee, Youngjoo,Kim, Namkug,Sirlin, Claude B.,Cho, Eun Yoon,Yeom, Suk Keu,Byun, Jae Ho,Park, Seong Ho,Lee, Moon-Gyu Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 Investigative radiology Vol.47 No.6
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to assess the confounding effects of hepatic iron deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis on hepatic steatosis (HS) evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to assess the accuracies of MRI and MRS for HS evaluation, using histology as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board–approved prospective study, 56 patients gave informed consents and underwent chemical-shift MRI and MRS of the liver on a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner. To estimate MRI fat fraction (FF), 4 analysis methods were used (dual-echo, triple-echo, multiecho, and multi-interference), and MRS FF was calculated with T2 correction. Degrees of HS, iron deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis were analyzed in liver resection (n = 37) and biopsy (n = 19) specimens. The confounding effects of histology on fat quantification were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Using the histologic degree of HS as the reference standard, the accuracies of each method in estimating HS and diagnosing an HS of 5% or greater were determined by linear regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: Iron deposition significantly confounded estimations of FF by the dual-echo (P < 0.001) and triple-echo (P = 0.033) methods, whereas no histologic feature confounded the multiecho and multi-interference methods or MRS. The MRS (r = 0.95) showed the strongest correlation with histologic degree of HS, followed by the multiecho (r = 0.92), multi-interference (r = 0.91), triple-echo (r = 0.90), and dual-echo (r = 0.85) methods. For diagnosing HS, the areas under the curve tended to be higher for MRS (0.96) and the multiecho (0.95), multi-interference (0.95), and triple-echo (0.95) methods than for the dual-echo method (0.88) (P ≥ 0.13). CONCLUSION: The multiecho and multi-interference MRI methods and MRS can accurately quantify hepatic fat, with coexisting histologic abnormalities having no confounding effects.
( Bo-kyeong Kang ),( Mimi Kim ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Eun Jin Kim ),( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: To reappraise the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS) using MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as a reference standard and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the grading of HS. Methods: This study includes 184 patients who simultaneously underwent ultrasonography and MRI PDFF between February 2014 and October 2016. Four sonographic parameters were evaluated independently by two radiologists. The hepatic fat fraction is defined as the average of 24 non-overlapping regions of interest (ROIs) obtained by drawing three ROIs within each segment in MRI. The diagnostic performance in assessing the diagnosis and severity of HS was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Abnormal hepatorenal echoes and loss of echogenicity of the portal vein were good surrogate markers for the diagnosis of HS. There was a strongly positive correlation between the sonographic findings and hepatic fat fraction (r=0.754, P<0.001). A sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 74.8% were achieved by using abnormal hepatorenal echoes to diagnose mild fatty liver, with a value of area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.875. Loss of echogenicity of the portal vein with abnormal hepatorenal echoes had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85.9%, and an AUROC of 0.930 in detecting moderate fatty liver. Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of mild fatty liver with ultrasonography were excellent. Abnormal hepatorenal echoes and/or loss of echogenicity of the portal vein were relevant surrogate markers to diagnose fatty liver.
Effect of Cobalt on the Nano‑Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Electroformed Fe–Ni–Co Thin Film
Bo Kyeong Kang,Yong Choi 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.12
Fe–Ni–Co thin film less than 15 μm thick was electroformed in a modified sulfate bath to study the effect of cobalt (Co) onthe nano-mechanical and magnetic properties. The cobalt content of the Fe–Ni–Co film depends on the content of Co2+ionsin the bath. As the cobalt content increases in the Fe–Ni–Co film, initial α-[Fe, Ni] (Im-3m) became γ-[Fe, Ni] (Fm-3m)with precipitates of Co3Fe7(Pm3m) phase. Average grain sizes of the Fe–27%Ni, Fe–22%Ni–2%Co and Fe–22%Ni–8%Cothin sheet with same plating time of 10 min were similar values of about 2.64 (nm) in error range. Their nano-hardness, stiffnessand fatigue limit determined by Alekhin model were 4.7, 5.4, 5.8 (GPa), 1.1, 1.4, 1.7 (GPa), and 0.027, 0.029, 0.032,respectively. The maximum magnetization, coercive force and susceptibility were 196, 178, 148 (emu/g), 8.5, 21.9, 29.6(Oe), 0.3067, 0.3018, 0.2120 (H/m), respectively.
Bo-Kyeong Kang,김민지,김꽃봉우리,안동현 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.3
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract (THEE) obtained from the heart of skipjack tuna using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. THEE markedly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, THEE decreased the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p- JNK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), and p-p38 proteins. Moreover, THEE orally treated at doses of 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg inhibited the croton oil-induced edema formation and the reduction of the epidermal/dermal thickness and the mast cell numbers was observed in histological analysis. There were no mortalities occurred in mice administered THEE at 5,000 mg/kg body weight. Taken together, these results indicate that THEE exerts the anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs activation.