Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with long-term survival and repeated relapses: does it indicate the presence of indolent subtype?

Seok Jin Kim,Yong Park,Byung Soo Kim,Insun Kim,Young Hye Ko,Won Seog Kim 대한혈액학회 2012 Blood Research Vol.47 No.3

Background Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is a subtype of lymphoma that is derived from NK cells. It is considered as an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma because of frequent relapses and resistance to treatment. Relapsed NK/T-cell lymphoma often follows a fulminant course that is refractory to conventional chemotherapy treatment. Methods Several patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma showed long-term survival in spite of frequent relapses. Thus, the medical records of patients diagnosed with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma from 1995 to 2007 were reviewed and assessed. Results Of the 140 cases reviewed, 6 were selected (4.29%). Each of these patients had a minimum of 3 relapses or disease progression during the follow-up period, and their median overall survival was 66 months (range, 42-89 months). They were grouped according to the atypical clinical behavior observed: (1) repeated relapses or progression (≥3 times) during follow-up; and (2) long-term survival of more than 40 months, as the longest overall survival median was previously considered at approximately 40 months. The clinicopathological and laboratory characteristics of these patients were similar to those of other extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients. However, 5 of the studied cases involved relatively lower expression of the proliferation-related antigen Ki-67 (<40-50%), indicating less proliferative activity. Clinically, they showed delayed relapse for at least 20 months after the initial complete remission. Conclusion Our observations suggest that the clinical behavior of some extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients differs from the typical clinical course.

Silibinin inhibits osteoclast differentiation mediated by TNF family members

Kim, Jung Ha,Kim, Kabsun,Jin, Hye Mi,Song, Insun,Youn, Bang Ung,Lee, Junwon,Kim, Nacksung Springer-Verlag 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.3

<P>Silibinin is a polyphenolic flavonoid compound isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with known hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant effects. Herein, we show that silibinin inhibits receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells as well as from bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silibinin has no effect on the expression of RANKL or the soluble RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblasts. However, we demonstrate that silibinin can block the activation of NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in osteoclast precursors in response to RANKL. Furthermore, silibinin attenuates the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) expression during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We demonstrate that silibinin can inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis as well as the expression of NFATc1 and OSCAR. Taken together, our results indicate that silibinin has the potential to inhibit osteoclast formation by attenuating the downstream signaling cascades associated with RANKL and TNF-α.</P>

Cellular Features of the Fronds and Turions in Spirodela polyrhiza

Kim, InSun Korean Society of Microscopy 2013 Applied microscopy Vol.43 No.4

Structural aspects of highly reduced vegetative organs in the aquatic Spirodela polyrhiza were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The study focused mainly on young and mature fronds with turions and their cellular features were compared. Mature fronds were composed of thin-walled chlorenchyma with highly vacuolated cells; most of which were frequently occupied by either tanniferous deposits or various crystals. Fronds of photoautotrophic offspring were produced from the meristematic region of the reproductive pockets within mother fronds, where they remained until separation. Moderate degrees of wall ingrowth and plasmalemma proliferation were detected briefly in the epidermis of daughter fronds during early development. Vascular tissues were generally much reduced, but air chambers were well-established in fronds. Chloroplasts having grana with several thylakoids were distributed throughout the plant, but starch grains were encountered frequently in the mesophyll chloroplasts of younger fronds and initial stage of the turion. Their cytoplasm was dense with small vacuoles in most cases. Further, big starch grains, up to several microns, occupying most of the plastid volume were formed in the turion prior to sink for overwintering. Plasmodesmata were numerous in the examined tissues, except mature turions, suggesting a symplastic pathway of the metabolites within body.

The mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induced by IL-1.

Kim, Jung Ha,Jin, Hye Mi,Kim, Kabsun,Song, Insun,Youn, Bang Ung,Matsuo, Koichi,Kim, Nacksung Williams Wilkins 2009 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.183 No.3

<P>IL-1 is a potent cytokine that can induce bone erosion in inflammatory sites such as rheumatoid joint regions via activation of osteoclasts. Not only is IL-1 capable of activating osteoclasts, but it is also a key cytokine involved in the differentiation, multinucleation, and survival of osteoclasts. Herein, we show that IL-1 has the potential to drive osteoclast differentiation via a receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)/RANK-independent mechanism. Although IL-1 has a synergistic effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, IL-1 alone cannot induce osteoclast differentiation from osteoclast precursors (bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs)) due to a lack of IL-1 signaling potential in these cells. However, we demonstrate that overexpression of the IL-1RI receptor in BMMs or induction of IL-1RI by c-Fos overexpression enables IL-1 alone to induce the formation of authentic osteoclasts by a RANKL/RANK-independent mechanism. The expression of IL-1RI is up-regulated by RANKL via c-Fos and NFATc1. Furthermore, the addition of IL-1 to IL-1RI overexpressing BMMs (IL-1/IL-1RI) strongly activates NF-kappaB, JNK, p38, and ERK which is a hallmark gene activation profile of osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, IL-1/IL-1RI does not induce expression of c-Fos or NFATc1 during osteoclast differentiation, although basal levels of c-Fos and NFATc1 seem to be required. Rather, IL-1/IL-1RI strongly activates MITF, which subsequently induces osteoclast-specific genes such as osteoclast-associated receptor and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Together, these results reveal that IL-1 has the potential to induce osteoclast differentiation via activation of microphthalmia transcription factor under specific microenvironmental conditions.</P>

Anatomical and Morphological Features of Seeds in Portulaca

Kim, InSun Korean Society of Microscopy 2012 Applied microscopy Vol.42 No.4

The anatomy and morphology of seeds from 10 Hawaiian Portulaca taxa were examined to explore patterns of variation among the taxa, and to evaluate their phylogenetic relationships. Features of seeds were assessed employing microtechnique procedures, statistical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anatomically, the orientation of embryo was consistent across taxa, and all seeds examined had central nutritive tissue and integuments comprising the peripheral embryo. Seeds were generally small, circular to ovoid in shape, and either smooth or rough-surfaced, with tubercules. Variation in seed size was noted, although minimal within small seeded group. The size of seeds ranged from 0.50~1.26 mm in length, and 0.55~1.34 mm in width, with similar weights. Seeds were distinguished by the sculpture and arrangement of the testa epidermis and the way in which their stellulate-tessellate cells uniquely fit together. Using a multiple range test (ANOVA), two groups were established by seed characteristics. The SEM also demonstrated morphological differences in testa sculpturing. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of seed characteristics in the identification of the species examined, and furthermore, allow for the separation of the Hawaiian Portulaca into two groups.

Effect of the Women s Beauty Care Behavior on the Psychological Happiness after COVID-19

Insun Kim,Jaebum Lee,Heejung We,Eunjoo Kim J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to articulate and specify as to how the women s beauty care behavior after COVID-19 influences their psychological Happiness. Towards this end, the beauty care behavior was set as an independent variable, and beauty interest, information search, beauty behavior, and appearance satisfaction were derived as the sub-factors, psychological Happiness variables were set as dependent variables, environmen-tal control, personal growth, purpose of life, and positive interpersonal relationships were derived as the sub-factors. Method: As for the research participants, they were collected and analyzed from among 231 online partici-pants including freelancers, self-employed, workers, and students from related departments working in the beauty health industry in City S and Province G in Korea. For the analysis method, multiple regression analysis was per-formed to analyze the relationship between the participants beauty care behavior and psychological Happiness, and the enter method was used to make entries. Results: This study was conducted from this point of view to examine and understand how the women s beau-ty care behavior after COVID-19 will influence their psychological Happiness. Subsequent are the contents of the analytical results verifying the relationship of effect with the beauty care behavior variable, which has beauty interest, information search, beauty behavior, and appearance satisfaction as independent variables, and the psychological Happiness variable as dependent variables. Conclusion: In this study, it was evident that new changes have taken in the beauty care behavior and psycho-logical Happiness of the women participants after COVID-19, and in particular, it was confirmed that many changes have taken in the direct beauty behaviors. Based on the results of this study, a theoretical discussion of the beauty health was provided, and it is meaningful in that the information on the psychological health accord-ing to the beauty care behavior was provided.

A Study on the Social Enterprise Development Modes of China, Japan, and Korea based on the Propensity models of Governments, Markets and Civil Societies

Kim Insun(김인선) 사회적기업연구원 2021 사회적기업연구 Vol.14 No.1

Inverted cystic tubulovillous adenoma involving Brunner's glands of duodenum.

Kim, Ji Hoon,Choi, Jung Woo,Seo, Yeon Seok,Lee, Beom Jae,Yeon, Jong Eun,Kim, Jae Seon,Byun, Kwan Soo,Bak, Young-Tae,Kim, Insun,Park, Jong-Jae WJG Press 2007 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.13 No.23

<P>Benign neoplasia of the duodenum are very rare. Moreover, duodenal tubulovillous adenomas are more uncommon lesions. The microscopic structure of tubulovillous adenoma has frond-like projection of mucosa with branching papillary structure and generally upward growth into the lumen. We describe a 72-year-old man who showed aduodenal tubulovillous adenoma with unusual inverted cystic growth pattern. Interestingly, this tubulovillous adenomatous lesion was interrupted by gastric metaplasia in the deep portion of the cyst and was closely surrounded by Brunner's glands. Although histogenesis of gastric metaplasia of duodenum is not fully understood, Brunner's glands has been suggested as a precursor for gastric metaplasia. Therefore, these findings argued that this adenoma arises from Brunner's glands through gastric metaplasia. This is the first case of inverted cystic tubulovillous adenoma involving Brunner's glands of duodenum with gastric metaplasia.</P>

Polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells with PEDOT:PSS bilayer structure as hole extraction layer.

Kim, Wanjung,Kim, Namhun,Kim, Jung Kyu,Park, Insun,Choi, Yeong Suk,Wang, Dong Hwan,Chae, Heeyeop,Park, Jong Hyeok Wiley-VCH 2013 ChemSusChem Vol.6 No.6

<P>A high current density obtained in a limited, nanometer-thick region is important for high efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs). The conversion of incident photons to charge carriers only occurs in confined active layers; therefore, charge-carrier extraction from the active layer within the device by using solar light has an important impact on the current density and the related to power conversion efficiency. In this study, we observed a surprising result, that is, extracting the charge carrier generated in the active layer of a PSC device, with a thickness-controlled PEDOT:PSS bilayer that acted as a hole extraction layer (HEL), yielded a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency in two different model systems (P3HT:PC??BM and PCDTBT:PC??BM). To understand this phenomenon, we conducted optical strength simulation, photocurrent-voltage measurements, incident photon to charge carrier efficiency measurements, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and AFM studies. The results revealed that approximately 60 nm was the optimum PEDOT:PSS bilayer HEL thickness in PSCs for producing the maximum power conversion efficiency.</P>

Enhanced performance and stability of polymer BHJ photovoltaic devices from dry transfer of PEDOT:PSS.

Kim, Jung Kyu,Park, Insun,Kim, Wanjung,Wang, Dong Hwan,Choi, Dae-Geun,Choi, Yeong Suk,Park, Jong Hyeok Wiley-VCH 2014 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.7 No.7

<P>Polymer solar cells with enhanced initial cell performances and long-term stability were fabricated by performing a simple dry transfer of a hole extraction layer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)] onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Due to the very flat surface of the polyurethane acrylate/polycarbonate (PUA/PC) film, which was used as a mold and resembled the surface of the original substrate (silicon wafer), the transferred layer had a very smooth surface morphology, resulting in enhancement of the interfacial characteristics. The work function of the PEDOT:PSS layer and the morphology of bulk hetero junction (BHJ) layer were tuned by controlling the position of PSS enrichment in the PEDOT:PSS layer using the dry transfer. The power conversion efficiency of PTB7:PC71 BM BHJ device prepared by the dry transfer was 8.06%, which was significantly higher than that of the spin-cast device (7.32%). By avoiding direct contact between the ITO substrate and the PEDOT:PSS solution in the dry transfer system, etching and diffusion of indium in the ITO substrate were greatly reduced, thereby improving the stability.</P>