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Activity Guided Isolation of Antioxidant Tannoid Principles from Anogeissus latifolia
Raghavan Govindarajan1*,Madhavan Vijayakumar1,,Annie Shirwaikar2,,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat1,,Shanta Mehrotra1,,Palpu Pushpangadan1 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.3
Oxidative stress is an important causative factor in several human chronic diseases, such asatherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, mutagenesis, cancer, several neurodegenerative disorders, and the agingprocess. Phenolics and tannins are reported to be good antioxidants. Anogeissus latifolia (Combretaceae) bark hasnot available till date. Hence the present study was undertaken to isolate antioxidant compounds by activity-guided isolation. Inhibtion of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPH) and Xanthine oxidase along with photoc-hemiluminescence assay were used as bioassay for antioxidant activity. Activity guided isolation was carried outusing silica column and the compounds were quantified using HPLC. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction exhibitedpotent antioxidant activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to isolation of ellagic acid (1) and dimethyl ellagic acid(2these three major tannoid principles present in A. latifolia, are responsible for the antioxidant potential andpossibly their therapeutic potential.
Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Madan Mohan Pandey,Subha Rastogi 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.4
costus (Falc.) Lipchitz syn S. lappato the family Asteraceae is a well known medicinal plant which finds wide usage in different indigenous systemsof medicine of India, China, Korea & Tibet. In different folk medicines the rots of S. costus are used to treatvarious disorders like ulcer, stomachache, malaria, leprosy, dysentery and toothache. However due to overexploitation, it has become endangered and has become the concern of different governmental bodies in India.The increasing demand of this endangered Himalayan species has resulted in a situation where it is oftensubstituted, knowingly or unknowingly, by other morphologically similar species. Arctium lappa, belonging to thesame family, is one such plant that has often been found to be present in the market samples of ‘Kuth’. Thepresent study was thus carried out and morphoanatomical characters, physicochemical as well as chemicalparameters were developed for proper identification of roots of S. costus and its differenciation from A. lappa aswell as authentication of the commercial market samples. The detailed morphoanatomical studies revealed thatroots of S. costus can be distinguished from A. lappa on the basis of some important microscopial characters eg.S. costus, were absent in A. lappa.. Besides, the HPTLCfingerprint profile showed a distinct band at Rf. 0.72 in S. costus, which was totally absent in A. lappa and a bandat Rf 0.64 in A. lappa which was absent in S. costus Chlorogenic acid, used as a chemical marker for HPTLCanalysis, was estimated to be 0.077% in S. costus as compared to 0.107% in A. lappa. Thus these detailedpharmacognostical parameters can be successfully used to distinguish between roots of S. costus and A. lappa.KeywordsSaussurea costus, Arctium lappa, ‘Kuth’, ‘Jangali Kuth’, Pharmacognosy, Chlorogenic acid
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Root of Berberis aristata DC.
Sharad Kumar Srivastava,Sayyada Khatoon,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2001 Natural Product Sciences Vol.7 No.4
Berberis aristata (family Berberidaceae), known as `Daruharidra` in Ayurvedic system of medicine, is an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various systems of indigenous medicine. Being an important medicinal plant it is being adulterated and in the absence of any pharmacognostic information it is very difficult to check the adulteration. The present study was therefore, carried out to provide the requisite pharmacognostic details. Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical aspects of B. aristata were carried out. Diagnostic features of B. aristata root were identified and characterized from the above investigations and presented in the present communication. Some of the diagnostic features of the root drug noted from the anatomical study are patches of pericyclic fibre, pitted sclerieds, berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. HPTLC analysis showed three distinct bands of which berberine was identified as the major constituents. The R_f value of other bands was also calculated.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Roots of Berberis tinctoria Lesch.
Sharad Kumar Srivastava,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.1
tinctoria (Berberidaceae), commonly known as Nilgiri Barberry is a comon allied speciesto B. aristata, Daruharidra’ for skin disease,jaundice, affection of eyes, and rheumatism. Keeping this in view, in the present study attempts have been madeto identify marker characters of B. tinctoria. Some of the diagnostic features of the root are patches of pericyclicfibre, pitted sclerieds, crystals, berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. Besides, thephysicochemical characters such as total ash; acid insoluble ash; alcohol and water soluble extractive; tannins;sugar and starch percentages has also shown some variations. The percentage of berberine as berberineB.aristata, B. asiatica and B. chitria i.e. 3.36%. Thus it can be explored as a possible source of substitute to B.aristata.KeywordsBerberis tinctoria, HPTLC, Daruharidra, Substitute
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Roots of Berberis chitria Lindl.
Sharad Kumar Srivastava,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Manjoosha Srivastava,Shanta Mehrotra 한국생약학회 2006 Natural Product Sciences Vol.12 No.1
chitria (family Berberidaceae) has a close affinity with B. aristata, used in traditionalsystems of medicine as a drug ‘Daruharidra’ for skin disease, jaundice, affection of eyes, and rheumatism.Keeping this in view, in the present study attempts have been made to identify marker characters of B. chitria inorder to differentiate the two species. Some of the diagnostic features of the root are patches of pericyclic fibre,pitted sclerieds and berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. Besides, the physicochemicalcharacters such as total ash; acid insoluble ash; alcohol and water soluble extractive; tannins; sugar and starchpercentages has shown variations. The percentage of berberine as berberine hydrochloride was also calculatedB. aristata and B. asiatica i.e. 3.16%.Thus, this species can be utilized as a possible substitute to Daruharidra.KeywordsBerberis chitria, HPTLC, Daruharidra, substitute
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the roots of Berberis lycium royle
Sharad Kumar Srivastava,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.3
Berberis lycium (family Berberidaceae) has a close affinity with B. aristata, used in India Traditional Systems of Medicine as a drug ‘Daruharidra’ for skin disease, jaundice, affection of eyes, and rheumatism. Various species of Berberis are being sold in India herbal drug market. During the market surveillance of different herbal drug markets of India, it was observed that almost all the markets either comprise of Berberis lycium or Berberis asiatica. Keeping this in view, in the present study attempts have been made to identify marker characters of this potent species.
Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.
Adarsh Kumar Agnihotri,Sayyada Khatoon,Manisha Agarwal,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.4
In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as ‘Gur-mar’. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country- Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shapedamphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the roots of Berberis lycium royle
Srivastava, Sharad Kumar,Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh,Mehrotra, Shanta Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.3
Berberis lycium (family Berberidaceae) has a close affinity with B. aristata, used in India Traditional Systems of Medicine as a drug 'Daruharidra' for skin disease, jaundice, affection of eyes, and rheumatism. Various species of Berberis are being sold in India herbal drug market. During the market surveillance of different herbal drug markets of India, it was observed that almost all the markets either comprise of Berberis lycium or Berberis asiatica. Keeping this in view, in the present study attempts have been made to identify marker characters of this potent species.
Free Radical Scavenging and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Potential of Hygrophila auriculata
Madhavan Vijayakumar,Raghavan Govindarajan,Arun Shirwaikar,Vivek Kumar,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.1
Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb comonly found in moist places on thebanks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic ?Rasayanadrug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studiedfor DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity(TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay.HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations (200-1000 g/ml) against 1,1 diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%),hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in part dueto the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.Keywords Hygrophila auriculata, free radical scavenging, Lipid peroxidation, Photochemiluminescence assay
Madan Mohan Pandey,Raghavan Govindarajan,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Yashpal Singh Pangtey,Shanta Mehrotra 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.1
A simple quantitative HPLC method has been developed for differentiating two plants of Asteraceae family viz. S. costus and A. lappa by using a pharmacologically active constituent chlorogenic acid and symmetry C18 column clubbed with a binary gradient using acetonitrile: 0.1% phosphoric acid and detected using a PDA at 327nm. Quantitatively chlorogenic acid was found to be more in A. lappa (0.140%) than in S. costus (0.087%).