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미국 지방정부 재정파산의 원인 분석 -파산승인 도시를 중심으로-
임재영(林栽永) 한국지방자치학회 2019 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.31 No.2
최근의 경기침체로 인한 여러 지방정부의 재정부실 문제로 지방파산제에 대한 대중의 관심이 높아졌다. 박근혜 정부 또한 지방파산제 도입을 고려하면서 정치권의 관심 또한 높아졌다. 이에 맞춰 지방파산제를 둘러싼 쟁점을 논의하고자 하는 학계의 다양한 시도도 전개되었다. 특히 미국의 지방파산제를 이해하려는 노력이 많았고, 따라서 주로 제도의 역사와 절차에 주목했다. 이러한 노력에도 불구하고, 아직까지 왜 미국의 일부 지방정부가 재정파산을 했는지에 대한 체계적인 학술적 논의는 진행되지 않았다. 본 논문은 대공황을 기점으로 2008년에서 2017년 사이 재정파산한 미국의 지방정부 사례를 살펴보고, 나아가 파산원인을 도출하였다. 이는 향후 파산제 도입 시 고려되어야 할 사항을 사전에 점검하고, 나아가 한국의 적용 가능성을 파악하는 데 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것이다. 또한 한국정부에서 파산제를 도입하지 않더라도, 지방 재정위기의 원인을 파악하는데 용이할 것이며, 이는 궁극적으로 지방경쟁력을 강화하는데 기여할 것이다. The Great Recession reawakened the public"s interest in fiscal distress of local governments and local bankruptcy. The central government in Korea also tried to introduce local bankruptcy in Korea. Several studies have explored issues surrounding local bankruptcy, In particular, they focused mainly on American local bankruptcy, its history, and procedures. Still, there are few studies examining what causes some local governments to declare bankruptcy, based on several cases. This articles examines American local governments that have had court-approved bankruptcy between 2008 and 2017, with the exception to Orange County having unique causes of bankruptcy. In doing so, the study will help policymakers further their understanding of local bankruptcy as an institution. Even if Korea may not adopt the system, the study"s findings will be still beneficial for those that want to avoid fiscal malpractices and improve their fiscal shape. Ultimately, the study will offer lessons for local governments in their pursuit of strengthening competitiveness.
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공공봉사동기와 직무성과: 조직구조의 조절효과를 중심으로
임재영(林栽永),문국경(文國景) 한국정부학회 2019 한국행정논집 Vol.31 No.2
공직봉사동기에 대한 연구가 행정학계를 중심으로 최근 활발히 전개되고 있다. 특히 사적부문과 같이 금전적 인센티브 제공이 쉽지 않은 공적 부문에서 조직성과를 향상할 수 있는 대안으로 공직봉사동기가 학문적 주목을 받고 있다. 다양한 선행연구에서 이미 공공봉사동기가 직무성과에 긍정적 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 공공봉사동기와 직무성과 관련, 조직구조의 조절효과를 실증하는 연구는 여태껏 많지 않다. 본 연구는 ‘자기결정성’ 이론을 근거로, 조직구조의 특성인 집권화와 공식화가 직무성과에 미치는 공공봉사동기의 영향력을 검증하였다. 분석 결과 선행연구와 같이 공공봉사동기가 직무성과에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, 집권화와 공식화도 직무성과와 정(+)의 관계를 맺는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 집권화와 공식화가 공공봉사동기를 조절하는 것으로 검증되어, 지나친 공식화와 집권화 정도가 조직구성원의 공공봉사동기를 저해하는 것으로 드러났다. 연구결과는 공무원에게 어느 정도의 재량권을 부여하고, 직무의 지나친 절차와 공식화는 피해야함을 시사한다. Over the last three decades, many scholars have explored public service motivation as well as its impact on diverse performance-related variables. As public organizations are increasingly under pressure to improve their performance, public service motivation has emerged as a useful concept for performance improvement in the public sector. Still, few studies have examined moderating effects of organizational structure on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance. Employing self-determination theory, we empirically examined such effects. Our results show that public service motivation is still positively associated with job performance. On the other hand, centralization and formalization, as characteristics of organizational structure, also positively influence job performance. However, centralization and formalization are revealed to moderate the relationship between public service motivation and job performance. Our study offers crucial lessons for leaders intent on improving public organizations: leaders need to increase employee"s discretions and avoid an extreme degree of centralization and formalization that would be detrimental to their organizations.
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임재민(林在敏) 한국중국어교육학회 2021 중국어교육과연구 Vol.- No.35
This study investigated the common difficulties and conflict factors experienced in educational practicum based on the actual cases of a total of 230 pre-service teachers, and confirmed what is necessary to prepare and proceed with the school-based practicum. The four-week on site training consists of observation practicum, teaching practicum, and practical work education. This paper focused on observation practicum and teaching practicum. The difficulties that prospective teachers experienced in field training were the preparation and progress of lessons, the establishment of relationships with school members, and the response to university and secondary school requirements. In order to overcome the three difficulties, prospective teachers must behave in a way that suit the secondary school environment. And they must also improve their specialized subject knowledge, lesson planning ability, and communication ability. During on-site training, prospective teachers must learn the know-how of in-service teachers, while observing the lessons of other teachers and apply it to their own lessons. In addition, prospective teachers should maintain good relationships with their students for effective lessons. Finally university education needs to expand simulated lessons, and it is necessary to create an environment where prospective teachers can concentrate on the educational practicum during the training period.
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임재민(林在敏) 한국중국어교육학회 2020 중국어교육과연구 Vol.0 No.31
The purpose of this study is to check the internalization process of Chinese language education components of prospective teachers. A total of five follow-up surveys were conducted on nine prospective teachers. In the first stage, only knowledge of Chinese language appeared. The second stage showed a distinct difference from the first stage because most of the prospective teachers recognized the key elements of Chinese language education. In the third stage, a number of prospective teachers conducted self-reflection, confirming that they had developed more than before. In the fourth stage, the components were expanded to ‘textbook analysis’ and ‘teaching method’ to fit the contents of the class, and the relationship between teachers and students was also considered. In addition, they was recognized that it was connected to teaching practice. In the final stage, the degree of completeness of the conceptual diagram was raised due to the experience of teaching practice. The results of this study are not considered to be final results. In order to get a complete result, we should consider the following: First, the relevant regulations must be revised to suit the situation. Second, prospective teachers themselves should be a party to Chinese language education. Third, prospective teacher educators need to find a point of contact between teaching profession course and major subjects, and find ways to apply them step by step.
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