운동부하 흰쥐에서 포도당 증합체가 심근 당원에 미치는 영향

이석강,조성현,김용운,박덕일,김종연,장용찬 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

운동부하전 섭취한 탄수화물이 운동흰쥐의 심근 및 골격근이 당원량에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 심근과 골격근의 대사적 차이점의 일단을 연구한 본 논문의 결과는 다음과 같다. 심근과 골격근 당원량(mg/ g wet tissue, 이하 단위 동일)은 정상군에서 심근 2.62±0.51로서 골격근의 3.37±0.58보다 낮았다(p<0.01). 심근 당원량은 정상군이 2.62±0.51이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 63%수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01), 탄수화물섭취군은 정상군의 86 및 90%수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 142 및 137%정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동30분의 78%(정상군의 49%)수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 운동 30분에 비하여 72(p<0.01, 정상군의 62%), 81%정도(p<0.05, 정상군의 73%)로 감소하였다. 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 대조군의 147% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 63%(정상군의 33%) 수준으로 감소하였으며 (p<0.01) 포도당섭취군은 운동 60분의 69%(정상군의 50%)수준으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 차이가 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 202 및 162% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. 골격근 당원량은 정상군이 3.37±0.58 이었다. 운동 30분에서 대조군은 정상군의 69% 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01) 탄수화물섭취군은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 정상군의 85 및 88% 수준으로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군의 125 및 129% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.05) 높았다. 운동 60분에는 대조군은 운동 30분의 77%(정상군의 53%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05)탄수화물섭취군은 포도당중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 30분에 비하여 93(정상군의 80%), 89(정상군의 78%) %정도로 감소하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 포도당중합체 및 포도당 섭취군의 당원량은 각각 대조군의 152 및 149% 정도로 대조군보다 유의하게 (p<0.001) 많았다. 운동 120분에서 대조군은 운동 60분에 비하여 50%(정상군의 26%) 수준으로 감소하였으며(p<0.001) 포도당 섭취군은 운동 60분의 75%(정상군의 58%)수준으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소하였으나 포도당 중합체 섭취군은 대조군의 84%(정상군의 67%)정도로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 탄수화물 섭취군의 당원량은 포도당 중합체 및 포도당섭취군에서 각각 대조군우ㅢ 255 및 221% 정도로 양군 모두 대조군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 높았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 심근과 골격근 간의 생리, 생화학적 특성의 차이에도 불구하고 탄수화물의 섭취후 중등도 정도의 달리기 운동시 근 당원의 함량에 미치는 영향은 정도의 차이는 있으나 같은 경향을 나타내었으며, 골격근에서 심근보다 더 많은 근 당원 절감효과를 나타내었다. 또한 운동전 탄수화물의 섭취시 이러한 근 당원 절감 효과로 장시간의 운동시 심근 및 골격근 당원의 고갈 지연으로 운동수행능력의 증가가 기대되며, 특히 포도당 보다는 포도당 중합체의 섭취시 효과가 더 크리라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose and glucose plymer ingestion on the concentration of the cardiac muscle glycogen at 30, 60 and 12 minutes of the treadmill running in rats. Rats were randomly assinged to normal, control, and carbohydrate groups. Carbohydrate group was divided into glucose, and glucose polymer ingested rats. The experiment was carried out after overnight fasting. Rats were administrated either water (control) of carbohydrates of formulated glucose(6%), and glucose polymer(6%) via polyethylene tube to the stomaach before treadmill run. Exercise was loaded by a treadmill run at the speed of I ㎞/hr for 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The results of experiment were as follows: Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was lower than that of the skeletal muscle (plantaris) in normal rats. Glycogen content of the cardiac muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and carbobydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in decreasing order at 120 minutes treadmill running (% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats were 33, 50, and 63% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Glycogen content of the skeletal muscle was decreased in proportion to the exercise time compared to normal in control and corbohydrates ingested rats. It decreased in control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal rats in ecreasing order 120 minutes treadmill running(% change of glycogen content of control, glucose, and glucose polymer compared to normal were 26, 58, and 67% in the cardiac muscle at 120 minutes of treadmill running respectively). Change of the glycogen content of the cardiac and the skeletal muscle during treadmill running after glucose and glucose polymer ingestion showed that both muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrates ingested rats. Decreasing rate of glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles during treadmill running compared to normal in carbohydrates ingested rats was lower than that of control. From these results, it is suggested glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles had tendency to decrease in proportion to exercise time similarly in control and carbohydrate ingested rats. Glycogen content of cardiac and skeletal muscles in carbohydrate singested rats less decreased than that of control during treadmill running compared to normal. Glucose polymer of the carbohydrates ingested rats in considered as the most effective for glycogen sparing according to exercise time in both muscles. Therefore, intake of carbohydrate, especially glucose polymer, before exercise may be increase performance of the prolonged moderate exercise.

正常家兎肺洗滌液의 Phospholipid含量 및 組成

李錫江,鄭武達 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1979 慶北醫大誌 Vol.20 No.2

肺胞表面活性物質을 유리하는 方法은 여러가지가 있으나 比較的 異物質의 包含이 적어서 효과적인 方法으로 알려진 肺洗滌液을 作成하여 肺胞表面活性物質의 主性分인 Phospholipid를 分析한 本實驗結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 右側肺洗滌液의 phospholipid 含量은 7.66±2.14μmol 이였으며 肺組織 gm當으로 換算한 phospholipid 含量은 1.37±0.39μmol/gm wet weight였다 phospholipid의 組成은 PC가 가장 많아서 64.32±3.18%였으며 同一한 分劃에 나타나는 PE 및 PG의 合은 23.46±3.42%였으며 PI 및 PS의 합은 9.54±2.52% 였다. sphyngomyelin과 Lyso-PC는 각각 2.26±1.44 및 0.64±0.83%였다. 體重에 대한 右側肺臟의 무게 比는(2.32±0.32)×10 exp(-3) 이였다. The phospholipid content and composition of right lung washings was measured in the normal rabbit. And the right lung weight-body weight ratio was also measured for the purpose of evaluating the lung pathology in the experimental animal. The right lung washings yielded 7.66±2.14μmol phospholipid. In other words, 1.37±0.39μmol phospholipid per gram wet lung tissue was recovered from the lung washings. The phospholipid composition of the washings was analyzed with thin layer chromatography technique with the solvent which consists of chloroform, methanol, acetic acid and water (25 : 15 : 4 :2). Phosphatidylcholine was the most abundant phospholipid in the washings, comprising 64.32±3.18% of the total phospholipid. Resolution of phosphatidylethanolamine and phophatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine could not be obtained with this one dimensional chromatography system. The combined percentages of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine were 23.46±3.42 and 9.54±2.52, respectively. The percentages of sphyngomyelin and lyso-phosphatidylcholine were 2.26±1.44 and 0.64±0.83, respectively. The measured right lung weight(gm)-body weight(kg) ratio was (2.32±0.32)×10^-3 in the experimental animal.

副交感神經作用이 肺胞表面 活性物質의 生成 및 分泌에 미치는 影響

李錫江 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1973 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.14 No.2

STZ-당뇨 흰쥐에서 규칙적인 Treadmill운동이 골격근 제 4 형 당수송체에 미치는 영향

김종연,배형일,박소영,김용운,이석강 영남대학교의과대학 1998 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.15 No.2

STZ-당뇨 흰쥐에서 규칙적인 treadmill운동이 당 및 지질대사와 골격근 제 4 형 당수송체에 미치는 영향을 연구한 본 논문의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 규칙적인 운동시작시와 4주간 운동후의 체중증가는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 정상군의 72% 수준으로 증가의 정도가 작았으나 운동에 의하여 정상군의 92% 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈장 포도당(mg/이)은 정상군의 103±6.4에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 143±3.1로 증가하였으나 운동에 의하여 115±2.9로 낮아졌다. 혈장 인슐린(μU/ml)은 정상군의 19±4.9에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군에서 각각 8±2.0과 9±2.1로 낮았다. 혈장 유리지방산(μEq/l)은 정상군의 469±33.6에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군은 각각 491±69.5와 398±91.8로 각군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈장 중성지방(mg/dl)은 대조군의 42±4.1에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 58±7.2로 높았으며 당뇨-운동군은 47±5.4로 운동에 의하여 개선되는 양상을 보였다. 혈장 총콜레스테롤(mg/dl)은 정상군의 54±3.9에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 64±5.2로 다소 높았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나 운동에 의하여 43±3.2로 정상군보다 오히려 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤(mg/dl)은 정상군의 22±0.8에 비하여 당뇨-대조군 및 당뇨-운동군은 각각 23±1.9 및 24±1.3으로 차이가 없었다. 골격근 당원(mg/gm wet weight)은 족척근에서 정상군의 3.2±0.46에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 2.6±0.39(정상군의 81%), 당뇨-운동군은 2.4±0.47(정상군의 75%)로 각각 낮았다. 체중에 대한 가자미근 무게 비(x 10⁴)는 정상군의 4.58±0.259에 비하여 당뇨-대조군은 4.22±0.301(정상군의 92%)로 낮았으나 당뇨-운동군은 5.06±0.153(정상군의 110%)으로 정상군보다도 오히려 높았다. 골격근 제 4 형 당수송체 단백은 가자미근에서 정상군에 비하여 당뇨-대조군에서 낮았으나 운동에 의하여 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 규칙적인 트레드밀운동은 당뇨유도에 의해 악화된 혈장 포도당과 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤을 개선시키는 작용을 가지며 혈장 포도당 개선 기전의 하나로서 운동이 당뇨유도에 의해 감소된 골격근 당수송체의 양을 증가시키는 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular treadmill running on GLUT4 protein of skeletal muscle in STZ-diabetic rats. I used 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 140 to 160 grams. Rats were randomly assigned into normal, diabetes(DM) and DE(DE) groups. The exercise was loaded with treadmill running for 5 days per week during 4 weeks. All experimental procedures were carried out following overnight fasting 48 hours after last exercise. Gain(gm) in body weight in DM rats(822.4) was lowered compared to normal rats(1092.8), and decreased by exercise. Plasma glucose concentration(mg/dl) in DM rats was 1433.1 which is higher than that of normal group of 1036.4. The concentration of DE group was lower than that of DM rats. Plasma insulin concentration(μU/ml) of DM and DE rats was significantly lowerd compared to normal rats. There was no difference of plasma concentrations of FFA and HDL cholesterol among noraml, DM and DE groups. Plasma triglyceride concentration(mg/dl) was significantly highered in DM group compared to those of DM group, the concentration of DE group was lower. Glycogen concentration(mg/gm wet weight) of the plantaris muscle in DM and DE groups was significantly reduced compared to normal group. Glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) protein of soleus was analyzed by Western blot. In DM group, the GLUT4 protein level was markdly decreased compared to normal group, but the level was recovered to the level of normal group by 4 weeks treadmill running. In conclusion, the insulin resistance induced by STZ administration was partially improved by 4 weeks physical training in rats.

운동부하 흰쥐의 하지골격근에서 과축적 당원의 이용양상

전춘배,안종철,송대흡,이석강 영남대학교 의과대학 1997 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.14 No.1

골격근의 과축적 당원의 운동 중 이용 양상과 골격근의 구성 섬유 특성에 따른 당원의 이용 양상을 규명한 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정상 군의 당원 농도는 가자미근에서 4.57±0.34 mg/gm wet wt.(이하 동일 단위)였으며 적색 비복근은 5.11±0.24, 족척근은 6.55±0.20으로서 족척근이 가장 높았다. 가자미근의 당원 농도는 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군에서 정상 군에 비해서 약 1.9배 높았으며 적색 비복근은 1.8배 높았다. 족척근의 당원 농도는 운동 후 당 투여 군에서 정상 군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간 당원 농도는 정상군에서 41.0±1.47이였으며 대조 군에서는 정상 군의 2.9%에 불과했으나 당투여 1시간, 2시간 및 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군등 모든 군의 당원 농도는 정상 군의 19-32%의 범위 내에 있었다. 혈당 및 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당 투여 군에서 가장 높았으며 유리 지방산은 대조군 및 당투여 2시간군에서 높았다. 운동 부하 중 가자미근 및 적색 비복근의 당원 감소는 초 과축적 당원군, 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 운동 부하 첫 30분에 급격하였으나 초 과축적군에서 더 급격하였다. 운동 부하 30분엣 60분 사이에는 초 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 당원 감소는 거의 없었으나 과축적군에서는 지속적인 감소 상을 보였다. 간 당원은 정상 군에서 가장 급격한 감소를 보였으며 골격근과는 달리 운동부하 60분간 지속적으로 감소하였다. 초 과축적당원군의 간 당원 농도는 변화가 없거나 증가하는 경향이었다. 운동 부하 중 혈당은 모든 실험군에서 감소하였으며 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 감소하였다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 모든 군에서 증가하였으며 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 가장 낮았다. The aim of the present investigation has been to evaluate depletion pattern of the supercompensated stores is based in the fact that a glycogen-depleted muscle by exercise with have an increased avidity for glycogen when exposed to a high carbothdrate diet. The glycongen concentration of soleus, red gastrocenemius and plantaris muscle, and liver was measured at 0,30 and 60 minutes during treadmill exercise. The experimental animals were divided into 5 group - Normal(N), Control(C), 1Hour(1HR:after 1hour of glucose ingestion), 2Hour(2HR:after 2hour of glucose ingestion )and Exercies- 1Hour(EX-1HR:glucose ingestion after 1 hour of preloading treadmill exercise)group - for glycogen storage study. The glycogen concentration of soleus, red gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles in N group was 4.57±0.34,5.11±0.24 and 6.55±0.20 mg/gm wet wt., respectively. The glycogen concentration of soleus and red gastrocnemius on EX-1HR group were about 1.9 and 1.8 times than that of N group, respectively, but the concentration of plantaris was not higher than that of N group. The glycogen concentration of liver in N group was 41.0±1.47mg/gm wet wt. and the concentration of the overnight fasted C group was only 2.9% of the value of N group. The level of glycogen concentration of liver in the other glucose ingested groups(1HR,2HR, including EX-1HR) was within 19-32% of that of N group. The blood glucose concentration of EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group, the plasma free fatty acid concentration of C and 2HR group was higher than that of N group and the plasma insulin concentration of EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group. The concentrations os supercompensated glycogen of soleus and red gastrocnemius were rapidly decreased during 30 minutes of exercise but there was almost no changes of the concentration during the other 30 minutes of continuing exercise. The concentration of N group during 30 minutes of exercise was decreased but more slowly than those of EX-1HR group. The remaining level of glycogen after 60 minutes of exercise in EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group. Taken together, the mobilization of endogenous muscle glycogen at the first stage of exercise was proportioned to the initial level of glycogen concnetration, and later on, when exercise continued, the muscle glycogen level was stabilized. And the remaining level of supercompensated muscle glycogen after 60 minutes of exercise was higher than that of normally stored glycogen level. The mobilization of the glycogen stroed in show and fast oxidative muscle fibers in faster than in the fast glycolytic muscle fibers during strenous exercise.

흡입마취제가 토끼페포세척액의 단백함량에 미치는 영향

이석강 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1976 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.17 No.2

急性一酸化炭素中毒時의 血壓變動에 關하여

李錫江,李文杰,金圭秀,呂雄淵 경북대학교 의학연구소 1965 慶北醫大誌 Vol.6 No.1

The effect of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning on arterial and venous blood pressure was studied in this report. The changes in mean pressure in abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava were measured for 15 minutes in CO breathing dogs(2.5% CO, 21% O_2 in N_2), in low oxygen breathing dogs (10% O_2 in 16 liters of N_2) and in total adrenalectomized and CO breathing dogs. Experiments were so designed that blood O_2 content decreased approximately the same extent and same rate in both CO breathing and low O_2rebreathing group. The results showed no significant difference in blood O_2 content in the both group. The mean arterial pressure began to decrease following after two minutes of CO breathing and declined continuously and rather precipitously as time progressed, while in the low O_2 rebreathing dogs the arterial pressure was maintained or rather elevated for about 10 minutes and thereafter declined. Venous pressure was elevated continuously as time progressed in both CO breathing and low O_2 rebreathing group and the elevation was more maked in CO breathing group. Such difference in blood pressure changes between the two groups was attributed to the difference in decreased cardiac out-put caused by anoxic myocardial damage. More severe myocardial damage in CO poisoning group would be possible by the fact that left side shift of oxygen dissociation curve of blood and/or inhibitory effect of CO on the cytochrome oxydase in tissues. In adrenalectomized and CO breathing group the mean arterial pressure was maintained for about 10 minutes at significantly ower level as compared with the adrenal gland intact and CO breathing group and declined thereafter gradually. The causes of maintained arterial pressure in the adrenalectomized group, even though at lower level,are not certain. But it is plausible as the effect of adrenalin for maintenance of blood pressure is said to be abolished under severe anoxic state.

急性一酸化炭素中毒時의 血壓變動에 關하여

李錫江,李文杰,金圭秀,呂雄淵 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1965 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.6 No.1

절식흰쥐에서 운동부하 기간의 차이에 따른 체내저장 Glycogen과 유리지방산 이용양상

이석강,인주철,안종철,이영만,김종연,이동철 대한스포츠의학회 1986 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

非壓縮性 GAS POCKET에 關하여

李錫江,金大洙 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1967 慶北醫大誌 Vol.8 No.1

It is of interesting and worthwhile to know the behavior of non-collapsible gas pockets in the body, i.e., the middle ear cavity or paranasal cavity, particularly when their ducts are occluded. A non-collapsible gas pocket is produced on the back of rabbit by implanting a capsule, having two tubings, 1㎝ in diameter and 10㎝ in length, which is made by covering nylon cloth on a spirally wound stainless wire. The negative pressure created in the non-collapsible gas pocket, after filling in with pure CO_2 and closing the opening, was measured at the definite interval of time until the steady state prssure was reached. And also a test gas, whose partial pressure of CO_2 and O_2 are close to those of the blood, was filled into the non-collapsible gas pocket as well into a collapsible gas pocket made in the other side of the back. The gas compositions in the both gas pockets were determined at the six hours after filling the gas. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. When the non-collapsible gas pocket is filled with the pure CO_2 and colsed off from the atmosphere, the pressure within the pocket is decreased almost linearly up to one hour and thereafter the rate of change of the pressure is decreased gradually and levels off after about two hours. The maximal negative pressure attained after the steady state are ranged 20 to 30㎝H_2O. 2. The gas composition in the both non-collapsible and collapsible gas pocket at the steady state, i.e., six hours after introduction of the test gas, is: CO_2, 8.8%: O_2, 1.7% for non-collapsible gas pocket and CO_2, 6.7%; O_2, 4.3% for the collapsible gas pocket. The differences in concentration of CO_2 and O_2 between the both pockets are significant respectively.