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Carbamide Peroxide 용액(溶液)의 안정성(安定性)
이계주,유병설,Rhee, Gye-Ju,Yu, Byung-Sul 대한약학회 1984 약학회지 Vol.28 No.6
In order to eluciate the effect of humidity and organic solvent on the decomposition of carbamide peroxide, the kinetic study was carried out. The carbamide peroxide was prepared from urea and 30%-hydrogen peroxide. The accelerated stability analysis for carbamide peroxide crystal in various relative humidity, and for 10%-carbamide peroxide solution of organic solvents were investigated. Both humidity and temperature were important factors influencing the decomposition rate of carbamide peroxide crystal. The higher the humidity and temperature, the greater was the reaction rate. The breakdown rate of crystal was observed as an apparent zero-order, and was faster than the rate of decomposition in dilute propylene glycol, glycerine or sorbitol solutioos which were measured as an apparent first-order reaction. The more dilute to 10% the organic solvents of 10%-carbamide peroxide, the slower was breakdown rate. It is, therefore, useful in the aspects of stability and economics to substitute solvent of carbamide peroxide topical solution (USP XXI) with 10%-propylene glycol or glycerine instead of anhydrous glycerine.
이계주,권중무 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1990 藥學論文集 Vol.6 No.-
Zr-pyrithion complex was prepared by reaction of sod-pyrithione soln and zirconyl chloride soln and the acute toxicity, eye irritation and a primary skin irritation tests were performed. The binding of Zr-pyrithione to the cellulose was studied. The acute oral LD_50 of Zr-pyrithion complex in the mouse was found to be 5,000㎎/㎏. An eye irritation in rabbits with a 0.1㎖ of 10%-suspension of Zr-pyrithione was applied to the rabbit cornea and conjunctives and did not produce any signs of irritation. Zr-pyrithione was made on the shaved skin of raddits with a 0.5g single applications. No signs of erythema were found in any of the test areas. Cotton fabric, cellulose, by a two-bath process with zirconyl acetate and sod-pyrithion retained excellent bacteriostatic activity after eighteen launderings. One-bath treatments with a Zr-pyrithion complex produced antimicrobial activity that was initially extremely high but was less durable to laundering. The two-bath process appears to be a general method for durably binding small amounts of a compound to cellulose.
이계주,이기명 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1991 藥學論文集 Vol.7 No.-
Rheological, colloidal and micromeritical properties were followed to investigate aging mechanisms of hydrous aluminum oxide suspension using Zeta-meter systems, BET adsorption apparatus, Master sizer and electronmicroscope. The results indicate that hydrous aluminum oxide suspension revealed plastic flow with thixotropy. The viscosity, thixotropy and yield value were increased with increasing concentration. During aging process, the viscosity and thixotropic index were increased by an addition of glycerin, however, sorbitol stabilized aging process of the suspension being accompanied with growth of particle size and reduction in specific surface area, pore area and pore volume, and consistency. Diminution of adsorptive power of the particles was also protected by addition of sorbitol to hydrous aluminum oxide suspension. From these results, one of aging mechanism of hydrous aluminum oxide suspension assumed growth and/or crystallization of colloidal particles in aqueous suspension.
이계주,김종국,황성주,조항범 한국약제학회 1996 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.26 No.2
The surface of albumin microspheres was modified with methotrexate(MTX) by using 1.3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Surface-modified albumin microspheres entrapping no MTX (SAMS), free MTX (SAMSF) and MTX-bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugates(SAMSC) were prepared. The organ-targeting ability of free [³H]MTX, [³H]MTX-BSA conjugate and the above microspheres was evaluated after i.v. administration of the preparations, equivalent to 150 nCi via the tail vein of mice. The total radioactivity in the lung increased immediately in a few minutes after i.v. injection of the microspheres, and then declined for the period of 3-4 weeks. However, the radioactivity in the liver, spleen and kidney increased slowly during the rapid decrease in radioactivity in the lung. This suggested that the microspheres could be entrapped rapidly in the lung through mechanical filtration because of their large size and slowly redistributed to the liver, spleen and kidney due to either the microspheres being degraded enough for the size to allow passage through the capillary beds of the lung and/or the release of [³H]MTX or [³H]MTX-BSA conjugates from the microspheres. The amount of 60∼70% of the dose was targeted to the liver after the i.v. injection of SAMS. SAMSF and SAMSC, and the values of (R_e^*_e)_(liver) from the microspheres were 5∼7 compared to free MTX. This suggested that the liver-targeting ability from surface-modified albumin microspheres could be 5∼7 times as that of free MTX. The liver-targeted drug was accumulated in the Kupffer cells at the initial stage, thereafter the drug in the Kupffer cell was slowly transferred into the hepatocytes. The value of AUQ for liver from SAMS was higher than that from SAMSF, but much lower than that from SAMSC. This suggest that MTX bound to their surface could be eliminated slower than the entrapped free MTX, and faster than the entrapped MTX-BSA conjugates. This is consistent with the in vitro release rates order in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme. Also, surface-modified MTX was scarcely released in the absence of a proteolytic enzyme^(11) Therefore, the surface-modified MTX may be released (or eliminated) rapidly from SAMSC at the target site, and thereafter MTX may be released (or eliminated) slowly from the entrapped MTX-BSA conjugates in SAMSC for a long period.
이계주,홍석천,황성주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1999 藥學論文集 Vol.15 No.-
The purpose of this study is to prepare he controlled release adhesive patch containing naproxen. Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA)-type patch was fabricated by casting of polyisobutylene (PIB) and mineral oil in toluene. Membrane-controlled release (MCR)-type patch was prepared by the attachment of the controlled release membrane on the PSA-type patch. The membrane was mainly composed of Eugragit. polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glycerin. The drug release profile and skin permeation test with various patches were evaluated in vitro. The release of naproxen from PIB-based PSA-type patch with various loading dosed fitted Higuchi's diffusion equation. However, the permeation of naproxen through hairless mouse skin from PSA-type patch followed zero-order kinetics. In MCR-type patch, thickness of controlled release membrane affected on the drug release rate highly. In the composition of membrane the release rate was decreased as the ratio of Eudragit increased. The drug release from the MCR-type patch followed zero order kinetics. The permeation of naproxen through hairless mouse skin from MCR-type patch showed lag time for the intial release period and didn't fit the zero-order kinetics.