뽕밭의 토지 및 노동생산성의 향상방향

유근섭 한국잠사학회 1993 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.35 No.2

폴리에틸렌 필림 멀칭이 桑樹의 礎記牲肉에 미치는 影響

柳根燮,金洛相 慶北大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

The mluberry (Morus alba L.) Saplings were transplanted between 11-15, November in 1981, polyethlene film was mulched on the mulberry field between 8-15, April in 1982, and the effect of soil temperature, soil water content and growth of mulberry branches were investigated. The results are follows; 1. In the early period of mulberry growth, 5.1℃ of soil temperature, 3.8℃ of the average temperature of 25, April, and 3.1% of soil water content were higher in the polyethylene mulching than in the control (bare soil). 2. The drought injury in Daegu district would be happened in May of ony year because of a little precipitation and a lot of evaporation. 3. The length of mulberry branches were grown by 2-5 times in the polyethylene mulching as compared with the control.

경북지방의 桑田에 發生하는 發芽不良現象의 原因

柳根燮 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

These studies are conducted to bring light on inducing factors for non-sprouting bud which appeared in the mulberry field of Kyung-pook province in 1983. The results are as follows; 1. In spring, winter buds were suddenly died during their germination, necrosis are appeared in phloem and cortex of non-sprouting stem bud and measles at the bottom of non-sprouting stem bud. 2. The depth of available of soil was shallow in the non-sprouting bud field than healthy field. 3. Generally, healthy field has more organic matter than non-sprouting field. 4. Available boron content in soil was contained more in healthy field than in non-sprouting bud field, but non significant. 5. Boron content in leaves and barks were significantly lower in the non-sprouting bud trees than in healthy trees. 6. The non-sprouting buds were completely controlled by the application of 6kg of borax per 10a mulberry field.

지베렐린과 요소(尿素)의 처리(處理)가 상수(桑樹)의 수량(收量) 및 잠아(蠶兒)의 실용형질(實用形質)에 미치는 영향(影響)

유근섭 ( Keun Sup Yoo ),오준식 ( Joon Sik Oh ) 한국잠사학회 1969 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.9 No.-

본시험은 GB과 Urea를 상엽에 복합 처리하였을 때 상수의 발육 및 처리상엽을 결여한 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향과 GB를 단일 처리한 상엽을 결여하였을 때 잠아의 실용형질을 구명하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 성과를 얻었다. 1. 상수 가. 춘잠기에는 GB+Urea를 복합 처리한 것이 주당 엽중이 가장 무거웠으며 무처리구에 비하여 수엽량이 7% 증수되었다. 나. 추잠기에는 GB와 Urea를 각각 단일 처리한 것과 GB+Urea를 복합 처리한 것이 무처리구보다 지조장, 엽장 및 엽폭이 컸으며 수량도 많았다. 그러나 GB을 단일 처리한 것이 지조장 1.000m 당의 엽량이 가장 적었다. 다. 각처리별 상엽의 성분에 있어서는 GB과 Urea를 단일 처리한 것과 GB과 Urea를 복합 처리한 것이 무처리구보다 수분과 조단백질이 약간 많았으나 건물과 탄수화물은 약간 적었다. 2. 춘잠기 잠아성장 가. 감잠비율에 있어서는 4,5령구 공히 GB+Urea 복합처리구가 높았고 화용비율은 4령구에서 다른 처리구보다 적었다. 나. 기잠대 1만두수잠량은 4,5령구 공히 복합처리구에 큰 차는 없었으나 GB 단일처리구가 다른 처리구보다 약간 많은 경향이었다. 다. 견증비율은 각처리구간에 유의차는 없었으나 4령구가 5령구에 비하여 약간 높았다. 3. 추잠기 잠아성장 가. 감잠비율은 무처리구와 Urea를 단일 처리한 것이 GB+Urea 복합 처리한 것과 GB를 단일처리 한 것보다 낮았다. 나. 화용비율에 있어서는 Urea 단일처리가 GB+Urea 복합 처리한 것보다 높았으며 다른 처리간에는 유의차가 없었다. 다. 대 4령구잠 1만두수견량은 Urea 처리구가 무처리구, GB+Urea 복합처리구, GB 단일처리구보다 많았다. 라. 견증비율을 각 처리간에 유의차가 없었다. This study was conducted investigate the effect of Gibberellin and Urea on the growth of mulberry tree with the compound treatment, and the characteristic of silkworm when the mulberry leaves simply treated with GB and the compound treatment with GB and Urea were supplied. The results are as follows. 1. Mulberry tree A. The leaf weight per mulberry tree with the compound treatment of GB+Urea was heavier in spring silkworm and the leaf yield was increased by 7% compared with the non-treatment plot. B. The growth of wattle, leaf length and leaf width was more accelerated in the compound treatment plot of GB+Urea, the single treatment plot of GB and Urea than the non-treatment plot in autumn silkworm, and there was observed an incredse yielding effect of 16% in GB+Urea plot, in 16% GB plot and 18% in Urea plot respectively as compared with the non-treatment plot, hut yield per 1000m unit of wattle length was the least in GB plot. C. In the composition of mulberry leaves of treatment, water and crude protein was increased in the compound treatment plot of GB+Urea and the single treatment plot of GB and Urea than the non-treatment plot, but dry matter and carbohydrate were decredsed. 2. Characteristics of Larva in spring silkworm A. The mortality ratio of 4 and 5 instar plot was equally high in the compound treatment plot of GB+Urea and the pupation ratio of 4 instar plot was lower than other treatment plot. B. Although there was no significant difference observed in the cocoon weight of 10.000 1st-day worms in both 4 and 5 instar plots between each treatment plot, the single treatment plot of GB showed somewhat great than other treatment plots. C. There was no significant difference observed in the cocoon layer ratio between each treatment plot, but 4 instar plots was slightly higher than 5 instar plots. 3. Characteristics of Larva in Autumn silkworm A. The mortality ratio of the compound treatment plot of GB+Urea and GB was higher than that of the nontreatment and single treatment plot of Urea. B. The pupation ratio of the single treatment plot of Urea was higher than that of the compound treatment plot of GB+Urea, and there was no significant difference observed between other treatment plot. C. The cocoon weight of 10.000 1st-day 4th instar worms was heavier in the single treatment plot of Urea than nontreatment plot, GB+Urea plot and GB plot. D. The cocoon layer ratio was no significant difference observed between each-treatment.

전열온상(電熱溫床)을 이용(利用)한 상수(桑樹)의 고조삽목(姑條揷木)에 관한 연구(硏究)

유근섭 ( Keun Sup Ryu ) 한국잠사학회 1979 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.21 No.1

전열온상하에서 상수의 고조삽목을 실시할 때 가장 적당한 β-indolylbutric acid (IBA) 처리농도, 삽수의 채취시기(삽목시기) 및 삽상토 등을 구명하기 위해서 본 시험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 삽수를 IBA용액에 5초간 침지할 경우 IBA 2,000~4,000 p.p.m.으로 처리한 것이 활착율이 높았고 발근수도 많았다. 2. 가장 적당한 IBA 용액의 처리심도는 삽수의 기부로부터 2.5 cm가량 이었다. 3. 12월부터 3월 사이에 삽수를 채취 삽본할 수 있으나 3월에 삽목한 것이 더욱 결과가 좋았다. 4. 전열온상에 사용하는 상토로서는 진주암토(perlite)가 가장 이상적이었다. Optimum conditions for rooting of hardwood cuttings of two mulberry varieties have been determined with respect to the concentration of IBA applied to the base of cutting, dipping depth into IBA solution, season of cutting collection and rooting medium in the bottom heat bins. 1. Optimum range of IBA concentration was 2,000p.p.m.∼4,000p.p.m. in Sariasi and Ichinose. 2. Most optimum dipping depth of cutting was 2.5cm from the base of cutting. 3. Rooting occurred most readily during December and March. 4. Perlite was the best medium to produce hardwood cuttings in the bottom heat bins.

石灰施用量이 桑樹의 收量에 미치는 影響

柳根燮,金洛根 慶北大學校 1984 農業科學技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

熟田 뽕밭에서 石灰의 施用量이 뽕밭土壤의 化學性 및 뽕잎의 收量에 미치는 影響을 알기 爲해 10a當 消石灰 0, 100, 200, 300kg을 施用한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 石灰施用後 土壤의 칼슘含量은 全般的으로 增加하였으며 葉內의 칼슘含量도 石灰 施用量과 比例하여 增加하였다. 2. 土壤 pH는 石灰施用前에 5.6∼6.0 이었으나 石灰施用後에는 6.0∼6.4로 높아졌다. 따라서 염基飽和度도 pH와 같은 傾向으로 높아졌다. 3. 石灰를 施用하므로써 技條의 先端枯死를 어느程度 防除할 수 있었다. 4. 石灰의 施用은 뽕나무 오갈병의 發病率을 낮출 수 없었다. 5. 石灰를 施用하므로써 11∼13%의 收量이 增大되었다. The effect of lime application on the leaf yield in the mulberry field was investigated. Four levels of lime CaO 0, 100, 200, and 300Kg/10a was applied. The calcium quantity in the soil after lime application was increased, accordingly pH and degree of base saturation in the soil were increased. The winter injury of the top stems was decreased by the application of lime and the yield of muiberry leaves was increased by 11-13%, compared with those for the non-application of lime.

개간지(開墾地) 상전(桑田)에 발생(發生)하는 발아불량(發芽不良) 현상(現象)의 원인(原因) 및 방제(防除)에 관한 연구(硏究)

유근섭 ( Keun Sup Ryu ) 한국잠사학회 1974 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.16 No.1

本 硏究는 山地開墾桑田에 發生하는 發芽不良現象의 原因을 究明하고 防除法을 確立코자 1971∼1974年까지 4個年間에 걸쳐 實施하였으며 그 結果는 다음과 같았다. 1. 被害症狀은 春期에는 枝條의 先端部가 發芽를 하지 않거나 發芽途中 卽 脫苞∼燕口期까지 進行되다가 갑자기 말라 죽는다. 發芽不良枝條의 皮層 및 靭皮部에는 Necrosis 現象이 일어나고 褐色으로 變한다. 秋期에는 葉의 老化, 先端葉의 異常, 葉脈, 葉柄이 褐變한다. 2. 發芽不良桑田土壤은 花崗岩母材에 粘質의 比率이 매우 낮은 砂壤土로 되어 있으며 下層土가 緻密 堅固하고 孔隙率이 너무 적어서 根群發達에 매우 不良한 土壤構造로 되어 있었다. 特히 發芽不良極甚地의 心土는 健全地에 比하여 固相이 過大하여 旱魃時에는 水分不足現象이 일어나기 쉬운 條件을 갖추고 있었다. 3. 發芽不良極甚桑田은 健全桑田에 比하여 土壤水分含量이 有意하게 적었으며 特히 心土의 水分含量은 健全地가 適當한 水分含量을 維持하고 있었는데 反하여 發芽不良極甚地는 거의 萎凋點에 가까운 水分含量이었다. 4. 有效土深은 發芽不良桑田이 健全桑田에 比하여 얕았고, 發芽不良程度가 基한 곳 일수록 有效土深은 얕아지는 傾向을 나타냈다. 5. 土壤水分含量의 經時的 變化는 土壤 內 有효硼素含量에 영향을 미쳤으며 發芽不良桑田의 水分含量은 健全桑田에 比하여 6月5日부터 9月5日까지 繼續 적은 含量을 維持하고 있었고, 有효硼素含量도 水分含量의 增減과 같은 傾向으로 變化 되였다. 6. 土壤의 pH(4.7-5.6)와 有효硼素含量間에는 相關關係가 없었으나 有機物含量과 有效硼素含量間에는 高度의 正相關 關係가 있었다. 7. 土壤中 有효硼素含量은 發芽不良桑田이 0.19∼0.28ppm, 健全桑田이 0.34∼0.43ppm으로서 發芽不良桑田보다 有意하게 많았다. 8. 葉 및 皮層內의 硼素含量은 發芽不良樹가 健全樹보다 有意하게 적었다. 9. 砂耕試驗의 硼素缺除區에서는 發芽不良現象이 誘發되었으며 그 被害症狀은 圃場에서 發生되는 症狀과 同一하였다. 10. 石灰의 施用은 施用量이 增加할 수록 發芽不良現象을 多少 높게 하는 傾向이 있었다. 以上의 結果를 綜合하여 볼 때 뽕나무의 發芽不良現象은 硼素의 缺乏에 基因되나 硼素의 缺乏被害程度는 土壤母材, 土壤內 有機物含量 및 水分含量 그리고 石灰施用 等에 依해서도 左右되는 것으로 認定된다. 11. 發芽不良現象은 硼砂를 10a 當 6∼9kg을 春, 夏 2回分施하면 防除할 수 있으며, 10a 當 2,000kg의 堆肥를 數年間 繼續 施用하는 方法도 相當한 防除효果를 얻을 수 있다고 믿어진다. These studies are conducted to find out inducing factors for the non-sprouting bud which appears in the utility reclaimed hill mulberry held and to establish control method for it since 1971. The results are as follows:1. In spring, winter bud does not germinate at all on the top of branches or does wither suddenly after or during its germination. Necrosis and browning are appeared in cortex and phloem of non-sprouting bud branch. In autumn, the deterioration of leaves, the abnormal leaves on the top of branch and browning of veins or petioles are also observed. 2. The soil of non-sprouting bud mulberry field were found to be sand loom derived from granite rocks. The sub soil of it was very poor in development of root system because it had hard soil and lower pore space ratio. Especially, the sub soil to bring about severe non-sprouting bud had been easily appeared with deficiency of moisture content because of high density solid. 3. Content of soil moisture was significantly lower in the severe non-sprouting bud soil than in the healthy field. The sub soil of the healthy field contained proper moisture content. On the other hand, the sub soil of the severe non-sprouting bud held contained almost critical moisture content for wilting. 4. The depth of available soil was shallow in the non-sprouting bud than in the healthy fold. The more rate of the non-sprouting bud was severe, the more available soil depth was sallow. 5. Available boron content in soil was affected by moisture content in soil. There was lower moisture content in the non-sprouting bud field than that in healthy fold during 5, June to 5, September. 6. There was no significant correlation between soil pH and available boron content. On the other hand, the correlation of the content of organic matter and available boron content appeared to be highly positive significance. 7. The quantity of boron was significantly contained more in healthy mulberry field (0.34∼0.43ppm) than in non-sprouting bud field (0.10∼0.28ppm). 8. Boron content in leaves and barks was significantly lower in the non-sprouting bud trees than in healthy trees. 9. The symptom of non-sprouting bud induced from boron free sand culture was similar with that arised in the non-sprouting bud field. 10. The rate of non-sprouting bud was high by the increased application of lime. Considering the facts mentioned the above, author may conclude that the non-sprouting bud of mulberry tree is caused by boron deficiency, but also it is affected by the parent rocks, organic matter, soil moisture content and lime application. 11. The non-sprouting bud may be completely controlled by the application of 6∼9kg borax per 10a mulberry field twice a year in spring and summer.

뽕나무의 耐寒性에 關한 硏究 : Its species, cultivars and seasonal difference 原種別, 品種別, 採取時期別 差異

柳根燮,朴基燦 慶北大學校 1987 農業科學技術硏究所報 Vol.4 No.-

우리나라에서 保有하고 있는 主要 뽕나무 品種에 對한 原種別, 品種別, 採取時期別로 耐寒性의 差異를 調査하여 耐寒性이 强한 새로운 品種의 育種材料를 얻는 同時에 現在 栽培되고 있는 將勵品種의 耐寒性 差를 究明하고자 本 試驗을 實施하였다. 實驗材料는 山桑(21品種), 白桑(42品種),魯桑(28品種)을 供試하였다. 1. 原種別 耐寒性은 魯桑이 弱하였으며, 山桑 및 白桑은 耐寒性이 魯桑보다 强하였다. 從末에는 白桑이 山桑보다 耐寒性이 弱한 것으로 알려져 왔으나 本 試驗에서는 兩原種間에 耐寒性의 差異를 認定할 수 없었다. 2. 品種別 耐寒性에 있어서 먼저 山桑 原種에서는 大洋, 竹川早生, 靑木市平, 寒勝, 黃金,金子,鶴田,및 市平등이 耐寒性이 强하였다. 白桑 原種에서는 國桑 20號, 廣瀨, 多湖縮, (??)滿桑, 普通十文字, 水廣, 伊邦桑,早生十文字,龍川秋雨 및 廣秋雨등이 耐寒性이 强하였다. 魯桑 原種에서는 甘藥桑,2號魯桑, 長沼桑,荊桑, 甲撰 및 天獨魯桑등이,耐寒性이 가장 强하였다. 全體 供試品種 가운데 耐寒性이 가장 强한 品種은 (??)滿桑이었고,가장 弱한 것은 早生綠이었다. 現在 將勵되고 있는 改良鼠返, 一支瀨, 魯桑 등은 耐寒性이 弱한 品種이었다. 3. 초겨울과 초봄의 耐寒性은 品種에 따라서 差가 甚하였으나 (-5℃ ∼ -15℃) 한겨울에는 品種間 差異가 甚하지 않았다. 이러한 事實은 耐寒性 品種을 選拔하는데 있어서 그 基準을 最高 耐寒性度의 크기에 두는 것 보다는 最高 耐寒性度에 到達하는 速度와 이미 到達된 最高 耐寒性度를 얼마나 길게 維持 할 수 있는가에 두어야 한다는 것을 意味한다. seasonal change in freezing resistance of winter buds, cambium and xylem of 21 mulberry culivars(M. bombycis K.),42 cultivars(M. alba L.) and 28 cultivars(M. Lhou(SER) K.) were studied during early winter of 1986 to early spring 1987. 1. The order of freezing resistance was M. Lhou(SER) K., Morus alba L. and M. bombycis K. from lowest to highest but there was not sighificant difference in freezing resistance between M. bombycis K. and M. alba L.. Especially the Dae-Man, one of M. alba L.,had the highest freezing resistance in early spring and Choseng-Rock, one of M. Lhou(SER) K., had the lowest freezing resistance in early winter of 1986 and early spring of 1987. 2. Variation in freezing resistance among 91 cultivars belong to 3 species at the early winter of 1986 and at the early spring of 1987 was much greater than that of the mid-winter. The little variation in freezing resistance at mid-winter suggested that in selecting the most hardy cold cultivars the speed of hardening and dehardening in cold and warm condition respectively are more important factors than the magnitude of maximum freezing resistance which could have been obtained during mid-winter. 3. In the early winter, mid-winter and early spring the winter buds of all cultivars showed less freezing resistance than cambium and xylem parenchyma.

터어키에 도입(導入)된 잠품종(蠶品種)의 실용형질(實用形質)의 비교(比較)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

유근섭 ( Keun Sup Ryu ) 한국잠사학회 1979 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.21 No.1

본 시험은 임업선진국들로부터 터어키국으로 도입되는 수개 잠품종들의 생산성을 구명하기 위해서 몇 가지 중요한 가잠의 실용형질을 비교하였다. 1. 공시잠품종 모두 사육기관이 길어서 30~38일이었다. 그러나 잠107×잠108은 가장 짧은 30일이었다. 2. 일본잠품종 태평×장안이 상자당 수견양이 가장 많았으며 이태리의 Isonzo Piave, 폴란드의 M-198 그리고 터어키의 M×N, S×P, J×C 등이 그 다음으로 수견량이 많았고 한국의 잠107×잠108이 가장 적었다. 3. 전견중, 견층비율 및 생사양비율은 공시잠품종 모두 비슷하였으나 잠107×잠108이 가장 낮은 수준이었다. 4. 이상의 성적을 종합해서 평가할 때 잠107×잠108 품종은 좋은 환경하에서는 그 품종의 특성을 발휘해서 좋은 사육결과를 얻을 수 있으나 터어키와 같이 자연조건하에서 사육하는 경우에는 좋은 성적을 기대하기 어려운 것 같았다. These experiments were made in order to compare the productivity of various varieties of F1 silkworm eggs imported from foreign sericultural countries with the productivity of some F1 silkworm eggs varieties produced by Turkey. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the durations of whole instar, it lasted 30∼38 days under natural rearing conditions but Jam107×Jam105 about 30 days. 2. Cocoon yield per case of silkworm eggs was shown significantly among the varieties. Thaiei×Choan was the highest yield of cocoon, followed by Isonzo, Piave, M-198, M×N, S×P, J×C and Jam 107×Jam 108 in that order. 3. In the percentage of cocoon shell, M-197 was the highest and other varieties were almost on the same level of cocoon shell, but Jam 107×Jam108 was the lowest percentage. 4. In the weight of a cocoon, Choan×Thaiei was the heaviest, followed by S×P, C×J, M×N, M-197, Piave, Livenzo and Jam107×Jam108 in that order. 5. In the raw silk percentage of fresh cocoon, Choan×Thaiei, 3 Italian varieties and Turkish M×N, C×J belonged to the first group of better raw silk percentage, followed Polish M-197 and Jam 107×Jam 108 in that order.

상수지조(桑樹枝條)의 추기벌채시기(秋期伐採時期)와 벌채강도(伐採强度)에 따른 아고병(芽枯病)의 발병비율(發病比率)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

유근섭 ( K. S. Ryu ),오준식 ( J. S. Oh ) 한국잠사학회 1971 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.13 No.1

추기의 중간벌채시기 및 벌채정도가 아고병의 이병비율 및 피해율에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험을 실시한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 조장의 1/2 중간벌채시기에 따라서 아고병의 이병비율 및 피해율에 차가 심하였다. 즉 9월 9일부터 21일 사이에 벌채한 것은 벌채지조수에 대해서 100% 발병하였으며 9월 3일 이전과 10월 3일 이후에 벌채한 것은 전연발병치 않았다. 벌채시간에 따른 피해율은 9월 15일∼18일에 벌채한 것은 피해가 심하였고 9월 12일 이전과 9월 21일 이후에 벌채한 것은 피해가 가벼웠다. 2. 벌채정도에 따른 피해율에 있어서는 최신지조의 1/2 중간벌채를 한 것 보다 지조의 기부 30cm 남겨놓고 벌채한 것이 피해가 심하였다. In order to clarify the effect of the time and height of cut in autumn on the occurrence of mulberry magare blight disease, mulberry fold experiment had been tarried out between the autumn 1970 and the spring 1971. The results obtained summarrized as follows. 1) In case of intermediate cutting, the occurrence of the mulberry magare blight disease and its damage showed great difference among the times to cut the tree. That is the intermediate cutting between the 9th and the 21st of September was attacked by the disease and to cut before the 3rd of September and after tile 3rd of October was not attacked by the disease. In the damage by the cut shoot time, intermediate cutting between the 15th and the 18th of September was most seriously having heavy damage and to cut before the 12th and of the 21st of September was Bight damage. 2) Heavier damage was observed in the plot cut above 30cm from the ground compared with the plot cut middle of the branches of the tree.