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IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax 시스템에서 MIMO-OFDM의 터보 처리를 위한 조기 정지 기법
황종윤,조동균,황금찬,Hwang, Jong-Yoon,Cho, Dong-Kyoon,Whang, Keum-Chan 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.6a
본 논문은 MIMO-OFDM 시스템에서 터보 처리 기법 (Turbo-BLAST)을 위한 새로운 조기 정지 기법을 제안한다. 터보 처리 기법의 높은 복잡도를 줄이기 위해서는 외부 반복 횟수를 줄이는 일이 필수적이다. IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax와 같은 시스템에서는 전송된 데이터 버스트의 마지막 인코딩 패킷을 제외하면 CRC 비트가 부가되지 않는다. 따라서 이러한 시스템에서는 CRC 비트의 도움 없이 반복을 종료할 수 있는 조기 정지 기법이 필요하다. 제안된 기법은 수신된 패러티 비트들과 수신된 정보 비트들로부터 재 부호화된 패러티 비트들 간의 부호 변화를 관찰함으로써 수행된다. 또한, IEEE 802.16e와 같이 tail-biting 부호를 가지는 시스템의 경우에 재 부호화의 복잡도를 절반으로 줄이는 방법이 제안된다. 컴퓨터 모의실험 결과는 제안된 조기 정지 기법이 종래의 조기 정지 기법에 비해 더 적은 수의 평균 반복 횟수를 가지고 GENIE aided 기법과 동등한 수준의 성능을 가짐을 보인다. In this paper, we propose a new stopping criterion for the turbo processing (Turbo-BLAST) of MIMO-OFDM system. To reduce the high computational complexity of turbo-BLAST, it is desirable to lessen the outer-loop iteration number. In a system such as IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax, no CRC bits are available except the last encoding packet of a transmitted burst, so early stopping criteria without the help of CRC bits are needed. The proposed criterion counts the sign differences between received parity bits and the re-encoded parity bits from received information bits. With the tail-biting code which is accepted for IEEE 802.16e, a method that the re-encoder operates at half complexity is also proposed. Computer simulations show that the proposed stopping criterion approaches the performance of GENIE aided criterion with less average number of iterations than the other early stopping criteria.
황종윤,나성훈,이향아,이동연 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.3
Objective: To examine the correlation among the preoperative serum levels of five biomarkers presumed to be useful for early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer and evaluate the relationships between serum levels of these five biomarkers and epithelial ovarian cancer stage. Methods: We analyzed 56 newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Preoperative serum levels of leptin, prolactin, osteopontin (OPN), insulin-like growth factor-II, and CA-125 were determined by ELISA. We also examined the correlation between the serum levels of the biomarkers and ovarian cancer stage. Significant differences in the mean serum levels of two proteins, leptin and CA-125, were observed between stage subsets. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between prolactin and leptin and a significant positive correlation between prolactin and OPN. Of the five biomarkers, only the mean serum CA-125 level showed a significant positive correlation with cancer stage (Spearman ρ=0.24, p<0.01). OPN showed a marginally significant positive correlation with stage (Spearman ρ=0.14, p=0.07). Conclusion: We demonstrated the relationship between five biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer. These tumor markers may be useful in screening for ovarian cancer, in characterizing disease states, and in developing therapeutic interventions targeting these marker proteins. Large-scale studies that include potential confounding factors and modifiers are necessary to more accurately define the value of these novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer. Objective: To examine the correlation among the preoperative serum levels of five biomarkers presumed to be useful for early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer and evaluate the relationships between serum levels of these five biomarkers and epithelial ovarian cancer stage. Methods: We analyzed 56 newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Preoperative serum levels of leptin, prolactin, osteopontin (OPN), insulin-like growth factor-II, and CA-125 were determined by ELISA. We also examined the correlation between the serum levels of the biomarkers and ovarian cancer stage. Significant differences in the mean serum levels of two proteins, leptin and CA-125, were observed between stage subsets. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between prolactin and leptin and a significant positive correlation between prolactin and OPN. Of the five biomarkers, only the mean serum CA-125 level showed a significant positive correlation with cancer stage (Spearman ρ=0.24, p<0.01). OPN showed a marginally significant positive correlation with stage (Spearman ρ=0.14, p=0.07). Conclusion: We demonstrated the relationship between five biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer. These tumor markers may be useful in screening for ovarian cancer, in characterizing disease states, and in developing therapeutic interventions targeting these marker proteins. Large-scale studies that include potential confounding factors and modifiers are necessary to more accurately define the value of these novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer.