황해와 한국연안해역 표층퇴적물중 Sb과 As의 농도분포특성

황동운,--,양한섭 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.10

We report the distributions of Sb and As in the surface sediment of the Yellow Sea and the coastal areas of Korea. The mean concentrations of Sb and As range from 0.68 ppm to 1.01 ppm and from 7.4 ppm to 15.8 ppm.. respective]), and show relatively the high concentrations at the coast of Weolseong in the East Sea for Sh and at the coast of Gadeok Island in the South Sea for As. This may be due to the anthropogenic input of these elements via river and atmosphere from industry complex and agriculture regions around the study areas. Because of the difference of clay to silt proportion. the correlation between silt plus clay contents and Sb. As in the coastal surface sediment of Korea is not shown, the concentrations of Sb and As vary widely for the sample in which the silt plus clay contents are the same. Therefore. we suggest that the distribution patterns of Sh and As in surface sediment of the Yellow Sea and the coastal areas of Korea are mainly controlled by the anthropogenic inputs and the sediment characteristics. On the other hand, the Sb concentrations are lower than those of the lowest effect level which is the standard of judgment for contamination, while the As concentrations are higher than those of the lowest effect level. This implies that the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea and the coastal areas of Korea are considerably contaminated for As.

Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Marine Wild Fishes Captured from the Southern Sea of Korea and Associated Health Risk Assessments

황동운,김성수,김성길,김동선,김태훈 한국해양과학기술원 2017 Ocean science journal Vol.52 No.4

Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in edible parts (muscle) of 34 marine wild fish caught from the southern sea of Korea in 2007 and 2008 in order to understand the accumulation pattern of heavy metals in wild fish and to assess the potential health risk posed by fish consumption. The highest concentrations in the muscle of 17 pelagic and 17 demersal fishes were Zn and As, respectively, while the lowest concentration in both fishes was Cd. The mean concentrations of all metals except As in wild fish were much lower than the regulatory limits for fish and fishery products applied in a number of countries. Unlike other metals, As concentration in wild fish of this study region was relatively higher than that found in other country. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was in the range of 0.05% to 22.5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI). Similarly, the target hazard quotient (THQ) was below 1.0 for each metal. These results imply that the consumption of the investigated wild fish do not cause significant adverse health effects.

과학영재들 갯벌탐구로 창의성 배양 - 대전과학고 2학년생, 전문가의 특강 수강 및 체험학습 지도 받아

황동운 한국습지학회 2008 습지와 생명 Vol.2 No.2

금강하구 표층퇴적물내 미량금속의 오염도 평가

황동운,김평중,최민규,이인석,최희구 대한조선학회 2011 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.6

Active Exchange of Water and Nutrients between Seawater and Shallow Pore Water in Intertidal Sandflats

황동운,김규범,양한섭 한국해양과학기술원 2008 Ocean science journal Vol.43 No.4

In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30 cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater, while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments, indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient. In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30 cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater, while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments, indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient.

특성화 고등학교 ‘건축모형제작’ 단원에서 프로젝트법을 적용한 수업이 직업기초능력 향상에 미치는 효과

황동운,최지연 대한공업교육학회 2012 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.37 No.1

This study aimed to identify the effect of the instruction applied with a project method for the ‘Making Model by Architecture’ unit in vocational High schools on the improvement of the Key competences. With this aim, the study selected as an experimental group, control group third graders in two classroom in G vocational High Schools in Goyang, Gyeonggi-do. Aiming at the selected students in the experimental group and the control group, the study conducted a pre-test of their Key competences; thus, the study confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference. Then, the study offered a class applied with a project method to the experimental group, while offering a traditional instruction to the control group. After offering the class, the study undertook a post-test, and verified the effect. In order to prove the test result, the study carried out a t-test using the SPSSWIN 12.0 statistical program, while the significance level being α<.05. The conclusions obtained from this study include the following. All the six selected areas including ‘problem-solving skills’, ‘communication skills’, ‘resource utilization competence’, ‘mathematical competence’, ‘interpersonal management competence’ and ‘self-management competence’, which were supposed to be appropriate for this study among the sub-areas of Key competences, were found to show significant differences between the experimental group applied with a project method and the control group as a result of the post-test of the two groups. In summarizing the above research results, the class using a project method for the ‘Making Model by Architecture’ unit was discovered to be effective for improving Key competences. In particular, it may be more effective learning method for enhancing six areas greatly relevant to the project method among various sub-areas of Key competences. 이 연구는 특성화고등학교 ‘건축모형제작’ 단원에서 프로젝트법을 적용한 수업이 직업기초능력 향상에 미치는 효과를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 경기도 고양시 G특성화고등학교 3학년 2개반을 실험집단, 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 선정된 실험집단과 통제집단의 학생들을 대상으로 직업기초능력에 대한 사전검사를 실시하여 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없음을 확인하고 실험집단에는 프로젝트법을 적용한 수업을 실시하였고, 통제집단에는 전통적 수업을 실시한 후 사후검사를 통해 그 효과를 검증하였다. 결과를 검증하기 위하여 SPSSWIN 12.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 t-검증을 실시하였고, 유의수준은 α=.05로 하였다. 이 연구를 실시한 결과 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 직업기초능력의 하위영역 중 이 연구에 적합하다고 판단되어 선정한 6개 영역, 즉 ‘문제해결능력’, ‘의사소통능력’, ‘자원활용능력’, ‘수리능력’, ‘대인관리능력’, ‘자기관리능력’ 모두 실험집단과 통제집단의 사후검사를 통해 프로젝트법을 실시한 실험집단과 통제집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, ‘건축모형제작’ 단원에서 프로젝트법에 의한 수업은 직업기초능력을 향상시키는 데 효과적이며, 특히 직업기초능력의 다양한 하위영역 중 프로젝트법과 많은 관련이 있는 6개 영역을 향상시키는 데 효과적인 학습방법이다.

제주도 연안에서 해저 지하수 및 지하수 기원 영양염류 유입량의 시간적 변화

황동운,고병설,Hwang, Dong-Woon,Koh, Byoung-Seol 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.4

해저지하수와 지하수 기원 영양염류 유입량의 시간적 변화특성을 알아보기 위해 2009년 9월부터 2010년 9월까지 2-3개월 간격으로 제주도의 방두만에서 지하수의 유출속도와 영양염류 농도를 측정하였다. 해저지하수의 유출속도는 0~330 cm/day(평균 약 170 cm/day)였으며 조석주기 동안 육상 지하수면과 해수면사이의 수리학적 압력경사의 변화로 인해 고조에서 저조로 갈수록 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 해저지하수의 유입량은 겨울철에 비해 여름철에 상대적으로 높았다. 지하수 기원 영양염류 유입량은 방두만내 전체 영양염류 유입양의 용존무기질소는 90~100%, 용존무기인은 70~95%, 용존무기규소는 65~100% 이었으며, 이는 0.9~33 g $carbon/m^2/day$의 유기탄소 생성에 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 해저지하수를 통한 영양염류의 유입은 제주도 연안의 부영양화 및 생물생산에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보인다. To determine the temporal variations of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and SGD-driven nutrients inputs, we measured the seepage rate and the nutrient concentrations of pore water/groundwater in Bangdu Bay of Jeju Island at two and three month intervals from September 2009 to September 2010. The seepage rate of groundwater ranged from 0 to 330 cm/day (average ~170 cm/day) during the five sampling periods, which increased sharply from high tide to low tide due to changes in hydraulic pressure gradient between water table in land and water sea level in the coastal ocean by the tidal cycles. The submarine inputs of groundwater were also relatively higher in summer than in winter. The nutrient fluxes from SGD were about 90~100%, 70~95%, and 65~100% of the total input (except from open ocean waters) for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (DIP), and silicate (DSi), respectively, potentially supporting about 0.9~33 g $carbon/m^2/day$ of new primary production in Baugdu Bay. Thus, our study suggests that SGD-driven nutrients may play an important role in the eutrophication and biological production in the coastal ocean of Jeju Island.

한반도 주변 연안 해저를 통한 담지하수의 유출: 미래 수자원으로서의 중요성

황동운,김규범,이재영,Hwang, Dong-Woon,Kim, Gue-Buem,Lee, Jae-Young 한국해양학회 2010 바다 Vol.15 No.4

해저지하수 유출은 최근 전 지구적인 혹은 지역적인 규모에서 육상의 담수, 영양염류 및 다른 용존 화학원소들을 해양으로 공급하는 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 특히, 해저를 통한 육상 담지하수의 해양으로의 유출은 해양환경학적 측면뿐만 아니라 미래 수자원 확보측면에서 매우 중요한 의미를 가진다. 일반적으로 해저를 통한 담지하수 유출은 전 세계 연안해역에서 일어나고 있으며, 그 양은 지역 또는 측정 방법에 따라 강물 유출량의 0.01-17% 범위인 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서 조사 및 계산된 한반도 주변 해저 담지하수의 유출량은 제주도, 영일만, 마산만, 여자만 지역에서 주변 강물 유출량의 약 50%, 57%, 89%, 420%로 다른 나라의 연안 해역에 비해 상당히 양이 많고 지역적으로 큰 차이를 보였다. 하지만, 본 연구에서 이용한 담지하수 유출량 계산 방법은 연안해역에서의 기초적인 물수지 방법을 이용한 것으로, 보다 정확한 담지하수 유출량 평가를 위해서는 앞으로 연안해역에서 물수지에 영향을 미치는 여러가지 요인들(강수량, 조석, 증발, 물의 체류시간 등)의 시공간적 변화에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 또한, 여전히 해저 담지하수 유출량을 평가하는데 있어서 방법적인 문제가 많이 제기되고 있는 만큼, 수리역학적인 방법 및 seepage meter를 이용한 실제측정 등을 통한 상호비교가 요구된다. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been recognized as a provider for freshwater, nutrients, and dissolved constituents from continents to the oceans and paid more attention with regard to the mass balance of water or dissolved constituents on local and global scales. The submarine discharge of fresh groundwater (fresh SGD) through seepage or springs in coastal ocean may be especially important in aspects of water resource and marine environment managements in the future. Based on the worldwide compilations of observed fresh SGD, our review reveals that fresh SGD occurs in various marine environments along most shoreline of the world and the global estimates of fresh SGD were approximately 0.01-17% of surface runoff. In addition, the input of fresh SGD calculated and investigated in this study were about 50%, 57%, 89%, and 420% of total river discharge in Jeju Island, Yeongil Bay, Masan Bay, and Yeoja Bay, respectively. These inputs from fresh SGD along the shoreline of Korea Peninsula are much higher than those of the whole world, greatly vary with the region. However, since these estimates are based on the water balance method mainly used in coastal ocean, we have to perform continuous monitoring of various parameters, such as precipitation, tide, evapotanspiration and water residence time, which have an impact on the water balance in a lot of areas for evaluating the precise input of fresh SGD. In addition, since the method estimating the input of fresh SGD has brought up many problems, it is required to make an intercomparison between various methods such as hydrogeological assumption, numerical modeling, and seepage meter.

예배 공간의 상징성 표현에 관한 연구

황동운,최상헌 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.12

This study deals with the aspects of symbolic representations found in the worship spaces in Korean church buildings since 1980. 29 church buildings were surveyed and analyzed with regard to the spatial and decorative elements which seemed to symbolize the place. Followings are the conclusions of the study. Symbolic representation often found their way in the abstract and taciturn expression as seen in the graphic representation of the Cross. It was also found that the principles of design were effectively applied to the symbolization of the worshipping space. Such as the use of light, hierarchical order, centrality, axiality, symmetry, etc

통영-거제 연안 어류 양식장 표층 퇴적물 중 유기물 및 중금속 오염 평가

황동운,황현진,이가람,김선영,박소현,윤상필,Hwang, Dong-Woon,Hwang, Hyunjin,Lee, Garam,Kim, Sunyoung,Park, Sohyun,Yoon, Sang-Pil 해양환경안전학회 2021 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.27 No.4

어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 유기물과 중금속의 오염상태를 파악하기 위하여 통영-거제 연안 어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 총유기탄소(TOC), 총질소(TN), 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)을 조사하였다. 양식장 퇴적물 중 TOC와 TN의 평균농도는 각각 22.7 mg/g과 3.4 mg/g로 남해안의 반폐쇄적인 내만보다 높았다. 퇴적물 중 중금속의 평균농도는 비소(As) 10.5 mg/kg, 카드뮴(Cd) 0.37 mg/kg, 크롬(Cr) 82.9 mg/kg, 구리(Cu) 127 mg/kg, 철(Fe) 4.19 %, 수은(Hg) 0.041 mg/kg, 망간(Mn) 596 mg/kg, 납(Pb) 39.5 mg/kg, 아연(Zn) 175 mg/kg였으며, 이중 Cd, Cu의 농도는 인접한 남동해 연안의 패류양식해역보다 3배 이상 높았다. 퇴적물 기준을 이용한 오염평가 결과, 대부분의 어류 양식장에서 TOC와 중금속 중 Cu 농도가 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전체 중금속 농도를 고려한 오염부하량지수(PLI)와 생태계위해 도지수(ERI) 결과는 일부 어류 양식장 퇴적물이 저서생물에 극심한 부정적인 생태 영향을 줄 수 있는 상태(disastrous risk)인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 어류 양식장 퇴적물은 유기물 및 일부 중금속에 의한 오염된 상태를 보이고 있어, 양식장 퇴적환경을 개선하고 퇴적물내 유기물 및 중금속의 주된 오염원을 파악하는 한편 오염부하량을 저감하는 종합적인 관리대책이 필요하다. To understand the status of organic matter and heavy metal pollution in surface sediment of a fish farming area, we have measured the concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in surface sediments of a fish farming area near Tongyoung-Geoje coast. The mean concentrations of TOC and TN were 22.7 mg/g and 3.4 mg/g, respectively, and were much higher than those in surface sediments of a semi-enclosed bay in the southern coast of Korea. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn were 10.5 mg/kg, 0.37 mg/kg, 82.9 mg/kg, 127 mg/kg, 4.19%, 0.041 mg/kg, 596 mg/kg, 39.5 mg/kg, and 175 mg/kg, respectively, and the mean concentrations of Cd and Cu were three times higher than those in surface sediments of shellfish farming area in the southeastern coast of Korea. In addition, the concentrations of TOC and corrected Cu exceeded the values of sediment quality guidelines applied in Korea, and pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI) showed that the metal concentrations in the sediments of some fish farming area have a strongly negative ecological impact on benthic organisms, although most metal concentrations did not exceed the sediment quality guidelines. Based on overall assessment results, the surface sediments of fish farming areas in the study region are polluted with organic matter and some heavy metals. Thus, a comprehensive management plan is necessary to improve the sedimentary environments, identify primary contamination sources, and reduce the input of pollution load for organic matter and heavy metals in the sediments of fish farming areas.