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광에너지 총량에 따른 광중합 콤포짓트레진과 콤포머의 중합도에 관한 연구
황경란,이용근,임범순,김철위 대한치과기재학회 2000 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Dental composite resin is filler added, particle reinforced composite material, and the usage range had been enlarged in the posterior restoration through improvement of physical properties. Recently, resin modified glassionomer and compomer are used for various purposes. The degree of polymerization of cross-liked polymer has great importance in determining the mechanical properties and clinical availability of materials. Residual carbon-carbon double bonds have been implicated in causing reduced wear resistance, strength and color stability. The degree of polymerization is an important factor for longevity of a restoration. However the higher the degree of polymerization in resin composites, the higher the shrinkage will result. It has been elucidated that the degree of polymerization was significantly affected by the intensity of the curing light, wavelength of light and irradiation time. In this experiment, 16 kinds of restorative materials such as five kinds of universal composite resin, five kinds of condensable composite resin, two kinds of flowable composite resin, and four kinds of compomer were used. This study examined the effect of light intensity and irradiation time on the polymerization behavior such as the heat release during polymerization and the rate of polymerization by DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), and the degree of double bond conversion by FT-IR. With DSC, the irradiation modes were three different light intensity of 300, 400, 600 ㎽/㎠ and for 40 seconds. With FT-IR, the levels of irradiation energy were 1,500, 40,000, 8,000, 16,000 and 24,000 mJ/㎠ by combining the light intensity of 300, 400, 600 ㎽/㎠ and irradiation time of 5, 10, 20 and 40 seconds. From this experiment, The following results were obtained : 1.In the DSC result, heat of polymerization of composite resin was 23.22∼55.17J/gram and exothermic energy of compomer was 26.50∼52.68 J/gram 2.At the isothermal condition of 27℃, there were exothermal peaks at 40.812∼44.724 seconds from the start of irradiation. The percentage of polymerization by released heat was 19.12∼49.44% after 18 seconds, 37.23∼82.07% after 36 seconds, and 93.57∼98.53% after 54 seconds from the start of irradiation. 3.From FT-IR, the degree of polymerization of composite resin was 17.17∼60.91% and that of compomer was 7.74∼40.82%, and the degree of final conversion was influenced by the kinds of restorative materials and the irradiation energy(p<0.01). 4.As the irradiation energy was increased from 1,500 mJ/㎠ to 16,000 mJ/㎠, the degree of conversion was increased also. However, the degree of final conversion was no significant differences with the irradiation energy of 24,000 mJ/㎠ and 16,000 mJ/㎠(p>0.05). The wavenumber of absorbance peak of aromatic double bond was similar regardless of the restorative materials, and appeared around 1606.67∼1610.67 cm-1. The absorbance peak of aliphatic double bond appeared around 1636.64∼1638.52 cm-1 from FT-IR.
2017.11.15. 포항 흥해지진의 저층 RC 비틀림 비정형 건축물의 피해 및 손상 특성
황경란,이한선 한국지진공학회 2018 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3
This study examines the seismic failure of RC low-rise building structures having irregularities at the ground story during the 15 November 2017 Pohang, Korea, earthquake, Mw = 5.4, which is the second strongest since the government began monitoring them in 1978 in South Korea. Some 2,000 private houses were damaged or destroyed in this earthquake. Particularly, serious damage to the piloti story of RC low-rise residential building structures of fewer than five stories was observed within 3 km of the epicenter with brittle shear failure of columns and walls due to severe torsional behavior. Buildings below six stories constructed before 2005 did not have to comply with seismic design requirements, so confinement detailing of columns and walls also led to inadequate performance. However, some buildings constructed after 2005 were damaged at the flexible side of the piloti story due to the high torsional irregularity. Based on these results, this study focuses on the problems of the seismic torsion design approach in current building codes.
에니어그램을 활용한 부모교육프로그램이 부모양육태도에 미치는 효과
황경란 한국에니어그램학회 2005 에니어그램연구 Vol.2 No.2
건강한 가족과 자녀를 양성하는 부모의 역할이 강조되고 있는 현대사회의 부모교육프로그램 과 관련된 연구들은 부모가 부모 자신을 먼저 이해하는 자기 성찰의 힘을 바탕으로 하여 자녀의 행동과 심리 상태를 관찰하고 이해하는데 도움을 주는 도구의 필요성을 강하게 지적하고 있다. 이러한 도구의 필요성에 있어 유용한 대안은 사람의 성격을 아홉 가지로 구분하여 각 성격유형들이 가지는 정서적 습관, 특징적 사고방식, 그리고 타인과의 인간관계를 맺는 방식을 설명하는 에니어그램이다. 본 연구에서는 에니어그램을 중심으로 하여 부모교육방법의 하나인 Gordon의 부모 효율성 훈련 중에서 부모와 자녀간의 이해 및 의사소통을 증진 시키는데 도움을 주는 의사소통 기법 몇 가지를 보조적으로 사용하여 부모프로그램을 직접 구성 및 실시하여 그 효과성을 제시하고자 하였다. 그 결과는 프로그램 실시 후 집단간 비교에서는 실험집단에서 애정적 부모양육태도에서 변화가 나타났으며, 실험집단 내 비교에서는 애정적, 거부적, 자율적 부모 양육 태도에서 P<.05수준에서 유의한 결과가 나타났지만, 통제적 태도에서는 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 실험집단 참가자들의 사례별 결과를 살펴보면 참가자의 연령이 낮을수록 부모양육태도 4가지 하위영역 모두에서, 가족경제가 높을수록 자율적 태도에서, 최종학력이 높을수록, 자녀의 수가 적을수록 자율적, 통제적 태도에서 큰 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 부모양육태도를 변화시킨 밑바탕에는 자기이해와 타인이해라는 삶의 변화가 있었다. 따라서 에니어그램을 활용한 부모교육프로그램이 부모의 양육태도에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 프로그램이라고 할 수 있겠다. 향후 에니어그램을 활용한 부모교육프로그램을 활용하고자 하는 실천가들은 성격 유형별에 따른 더욱 세분화된 프로그램 실시나 아동/청소년들의 성격유형 검사지와 병행한다면 더욱 효과적인 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.