Pancreatic Stellate Cell (PSC)의 증식과 분화에 미치는 고농도 포도당, 인슐린 및 TGF-β1의 효과

홍옥기,권혁상,염규현,이마리,양지훈,고승현,유순집,손현식,윤건호,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2003 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.27 No.3

무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)의 증장내 먹이 Acid Phosphatase(A)의 활성변화

홍옥기 江原大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1995 生命科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.-

담배나방 Heliothis assulta (G.) 유충의 혈림프로부터 Antimicrobial Factor의 유도

홍옥기,한성식,여성문 한국곤충학회 1992 Entomological Research Vol.22 No.2

담배나방(Hellothis assulta G.) 유충의 혈림프에서 4가지의 방법으로 AMF(Antimicrobial Factor)를 유도하였다. 생성된 AMF는 그람음성 세균인 Escherichia coli HB 101과 그람양성 세균인 Bacillus subtilis BD 170에서 억제대를 형성하였으며, 혈림프를 추출한 시간에 따라서도 억제대가 다르게 형성되었다. 항균활성에서는 E. coli ATCC 25922에 대해 체벽손상후 24시간 경과된 혈림프와 E. coli 주입후 24시간 경과된 혈림프에서만 colony가 억제되는 현상을 보였다. SDS-PAGE에 의한 전기영동은 정상개체의 혈림프와 체벽손상, 그리고 E. coli주입 혈림프들의 밴드 패턴이 추출한 시간에 따라 각각 다르게 나타났다. Antimicrobial factor was induced from hemolymph of Heliothis assulta (G.) using 4 types of different methods. Inhibition zone was formed against Escherichia coli HB 101 and Bacillus subtilis BD 170, and the formation of inhibition zone was influenced with collection time intervals. Colony was suppressed in hemolymph of larvae 24 hrs after integument injury and also 24 hrs after injection of E. coli. Four types of hemolymph after injury and injection (I1, I5, EH and EA) were different from normal hemolymph in band pattern of SDS-PAGE, and also influenced with collection time intervals and induction method.

Gemigliptin Inhibits Interleukin-1β–Induced Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition via Canonical-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway

홍옥기,이성수,유순집,이민경,김미경,백기현,송기호,권혁상 대한내분비학회 2020 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.35 No.2

Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to inflammatory conditions inducing conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts, promoting fibrotic diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokine is the most potent inducer ofEndMT. We investigated inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced EndMT by gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Methods: We exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 10 ng/mL IL-1β/20 μM gemigliptin and analyzed theexpression of endothelial, smooth muscle, mesenchymal, and osteoblastic markers, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Smad, andnon-Smad signaling pathway proteins. Results: Morphological changes showed gemigliptin blocked IL-1β-induced EndMT, upregulated EC markers, and downregulatedsmooth muscle and mesenchymal markers. IL-1β activation of HUVECs is initiated by the BMP/Smad and non-smad BMP signaling pathways. Gemigliptin inhibited IL-1β induction of BMP2 and 7, activin receptor type IA, BMP receptor type IA, and BMP receptor type II. Reversal of IL-1β-mediated inhibition of BMP-induced Smad1/5/8, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation by gemigliptin suggests involvement of the Smad pathway in gemigliptin action. In the non-Smad BMP pathway, gemigliptin treatment significantly increased the deactivation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38, and JNK by IL-1β. Gemigliptin treatmentsuppressed BMP-2-induced expression of key osteoblastic markers including osterix, runt-related transcription factor 2, and hepcidinduring IL-1β-induced EndMT. Conclusion: We demonstrated a novel protective mechanism of gemigliptin against fibrosis by suppressing IL-1β-induced EndMT.

무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)의 중장내 먹이 Acid Phosphatase(AP)의 활성변화

홍옥기,박해철,박규태,박용철 한국응용곤충학회 1995 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.34 No.2

무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis)의 중장 내에서 먹이 단백질이 소화되는 과정을 연구하기 위하여 진딧물과 생간의 AP를 모델 단백질로 이용하였다. 천역 먹이인 긴꼬리볼록진딧물(Megoura crassicauda)과 인공먹이인 닭의 생간은 각각 고유의 acid phosphatase(AP)를 가지고 있으며, 무당벌레의 중장 내부로 들어온 후에도 활성을 나타내었다. 무당벌레의 장에서 자체적으로 생성하여 중장 내부로 분비하는 AP는 관찰되지 않았다. 무당벌레의 단백질 소화력은 먹이의 종류에 따라 차이를 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 생간의 AP는 무당벌레 중장내에서 12시간이 지나면 거의 활성을 잃어 버리나 긴꼬리볼록 진딧물의 AP는 24시간이 경과하여도 강한 활성을 나타내었다. Acid phosphatase(AP) of he aphid, Megoura crassicauda and the major component of the lady beetle's artificial diet, fresh chicken liver, was adapted as a model protein to study the digestion of diet proteins in the midgut of Harmonia axyridis. The lady beetle did not secrete its own AP into the lumen of the midgut. The aphid and the live chicken liver had AP which was still alive in enzymatic activity from the extract of the lumen of the midgut of the lady beetle. The digestive ability of the lady beetle on proteins turned out to be different depending on food sources. In the lumen of the midgut of the lady beetle, though most of AP of live chicken liver lost its activity withtin 12 hours, that of M. cassicauda kept strong enzymatic activity up to 24 hours.

무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis) 난황단백질의 부분정제와 특성

홍옥기,박용철 한국곤충학회 1996 Entomological Research Vol.26 No.1

무당벌레 (Harmonia axyridis)의 난황단백질은 큰 분자량을 가진 Vn1 (136,000), Vn2 (132,000)와 작은 분자량을 가진 Vn3 (50,000), Vn4 (45,000)인 4가지로 구성되어 있다. 무당벌레의 알과 암컷의 혈림프와 난소에서 난황단백질이 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으나, 수컷의 혈림프나 지방체에는 존재하지 않는다. 큰 분자량을 가진 Vn1과 Vn2는 다량으로 존재할 때는 항께 이동하나 소량으로 존재할때는 분리되는 특성이 있다. 무당벌레의 알에서 유기용매와 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG, 10,000)를 이용한 4가지의 정제단계를 거쳐 난황단백질을 부분 정제하였다. 토끼로부터 Vn1과 2는 함께 항체를 만들었고, Vn3와 Vn4 각각에 대한 항체를 만들었다. 항체들은 큰 분자량의 Vn1과 Vn2, 작은 분자량인 Vn3와 Vn4 간에 교차반응이 일어나지 않는다. 무당벌레의 알내에서 난황단백질은 단위체들이 단단하게 결합되어 있는 복합체를 이루고 있는데 이들 단위체들은 고농도의 소금용액 (0.8 M NaCl)이 아니라 SDS와 Triton X-100에 의해서만이 분리가 일어난다. Vitellins in the eggs of the ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis, were composed of 4 subunits; large molecular weights, Vn1 (136,000) and Vn2 (132,000), and small molecular weights, Vn3 (50,000) and Vn4 (45,000). On Western blot, vitellins were detected from the egg, ovary and hemolymph of female adult, but not from the fat body and hemolymph of male. In SDS-PAGE, large molecular weights Vn1 and Vn2 were comigrated but separated when protein concentration was low. Vitellins were partially purified. from eggs by four step procedures including n-buatnol and 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG, 10,000) treatment. Antibodies were made against the partially purified vitellins, Vn1 and 2, Vn3, and Vn4 from rabbits. There were no antibody cross reactions between large molecular weight subunits, Vn1 and 2. and small molecular weight subunits, Vn3 and Vn4. Subunits of vilellins in the ladybeetles's eggs were present as a tightly bound complex which was dissociated in the presence of SDS and Triton X-100, but not in the high salt concentration, 0.8 M NaCl.

무당벌레(Harmonis axyridis)의 사육 I;여름 성충의 난황단백질 생성 및 산란력

홍옥기,박용철 한국응용곤충학회 1996 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.35 No.2

무당벌레(Harmonia axyridis) 성충의 인공사료(닭의 간 5 parts: 설탕 2 parts, v/W)와 사육법을 개발하였다. 7월 중순에 야외에서 채집한 번데기를 우화시켜 $30^{\circ}C$(16L:8D)에서 사육하면서 무당벌레 성충 암컷의 난황단백질(yolk protein)생성, 산란력(fecundity), 수명(longevity)을 조사하였다. Western blot결과에 의하면 우화후 5일째부터 혈림프에서 낭황 단백질(Vg3와 Vg4)이 발견된다. 무당벌레 100쌍을 대상으로 1쌍씩 개별 사육한 결과 초산은 우화후 7일째부터 시작되고 일생동안 $163.9\pm$144.0개의 알을 산란한다. 수명은 평균 $60.5\pm$36.8일이며 일생동안 단 한번의 산란도 하지 않는 개체는 17%이다. Methoprene(2.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/2$\mu$l)을 처리하면 무처리구보다 1일 빠른 우화 후 4일부터 난황 단백질이 확인된다. 무당벌레의암컷 30개체에서 methoprene(2.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$2\mu$l)을 1주일 간격으로 반복 투여하여 본 결과 15일이내에 초산을 하는 비율이 무처리구의 51%에서 83.3%로 증가한다. Methoprene은 모든 개체의 산란을 가능하게 함으로서 개체군의 산란력을 높이는 효과를 준다. 무당벌레는 methoprene을 소량(2.5$\mu\textrm{g}$)으로 매주 투여하면 수명에 별다른 영향을 받지 않지만, 과다한 양(12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$)의 단 1회 투여는 수명을 단축시키고 산란력을 저하시킨다. The adult of the aphidophagous ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis, was reared by feeding an artificial diet (chicken's 1iver:sugar = 5:2, v/w). The adult ladybeetle used was from pupae collected in the field in midJuly. Yolk protein production, fecundity and longevity of the adult female were checked under 3OoC, 16L:8D. Yolk proteins (Vg3 and Vg4) were detected from the hemolymph of the female 5 days after the emergence. One hundred pairs of female and male were reared separately. First oviposition started from 7 days afier the emergence and laid an average of 163.9k144.0 eggs during lifetime. Seventeen females did not lay eggs at all. Longevity of the female was 60.6k16.9 days. The application of a JH analog, methoprene (2.5 pg), caused the occurrence of yolk proteins in the hemolymph 1 day earlier than that of the control. Weekly application of 2.5 pg of methoprene induced 83.3% from the 30 females to lay eggs within 15 days after the emergence, while the control had 51% only. Methoprene made all females lay eggs, causing the increase in the fecundity. Though the longevity of the female was not effected by the weekly application of methoprene, one time excess dose (12.5 pg) caused high in mortality and low in fecundity.

혼합키메라를 이용한 면역관용 유도:췌도이식 면역 거부반응 극복을 위한 예비연구

홍옥기,김성주,박정규,정철우,권혁상,최윤희,차봉연,손호영,윤건호 대한당뇨병학회 2005 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.29 No.2

High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells

홍옥기,유순집,손장원,김미경,백기현,송기호,차봉연,조한중,권혁상 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.2

Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/ or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this eff ect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinfl ammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of infl ammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.

자연과학편 : 제(第)11회(回) 아시아 경기대회(競技大會) 체조경기(體操競技) 평행봉(平行棒) 자유종목(自由種目)의 구성내용(構成內容)에 관(關)한 비교(比較) 분석(分析)

홍옥기(OckKiHong) 한국체육학회 1990 한국체육학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of 8 players’ performances who took part in the parallel-bars finals. Above-Mentions 8 members(2from Korea, 2from CHN, 2from JPN, 2from PRK) were among the 45 players participating in gymnastics competitions of 1990 Beijing XI Asian Games. The results were as follows :A, The Degree of Difficulty and Formation of Performance1. In ascending performance, they showed 67.5% of C degree and 37.5% of D degree of difficulty.2. During the performance, they showed 24.3% of A, 18.6% of B, 32.9% of C, 24.3% of D degree of difficulty. Degree (forward swing half-twesting to handsatand on the parallel bars) was practiced 12 times (17.1%) during the total skills being practiced 70 times, and it was practiced most frequently.3. In landing performance, they showed 50% of C and 50% of D degree of difficulty.B. Performance and Bonus Score1. When the performances were finished, L.J.H. (Korea) and G.L.Y, (CHN) who were in the first rank scored 97.93% and received less cut in points, while L.S.H. (PRK) who was in the 8 th rank scored 92.05% and showed poor results.2. The factors of the loss of points chiefly resulted from the process of connecting(C+D) degree and (D+D) degree, and from the process of landing.