Wilhelm von Humboldt와 언어유형학

홍승우 한국독어교육학회 1980 독어독문학 Vol.- No.13

누소관 폐쇄 환자에서 눈물길 원형절제술 후 실시한 풍선관 누소관성형술과 실리콘관 삽입술의 효과

홍승우,최연경,양석우,Seung-Woo Hong,Yeun-Kyoung Choi,Suk-Woo Yang 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the satety and effectiveness of lacrimal trephination and balloon dilatation in treatment of obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculus. Methods: Lacrimal trephination and subsequent balloon dilation was performed in 7 eyes of 7 consecutive patients with epiphora due to lacrimal canalicular obstruction and common canalicular obstruction. Results: The average age of patients was 50.3 years old and the average follow-up period was 17.7 months. Anatomical success was 7 of 7 eyes (100%) and functional success ,resolution of epiphora was 5 of 7 eyes (71%) Conclusions: Lacrimal trephination and subsequent ballooning canaliculoplasty in treatment of obstruction of the lacrimal canaliculus seems to be safe and valuable as an primary procedure before Jones tube bypass surgery.

Astigmatic Changes after Horizontal Rectus Muscle Surgery in Intermittent Exotropia

홍승우,강남여 대한안과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.26 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the changes of refractive astigmatism after horizontal rectus muscle surgery in intermittent exotropic children. Methods: Sixty-nine exotropic patients were retrospectively reviewed. Of those, 35 patients received unilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR group, 35 eyes) and 34 patients received unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (R&R group, 34 eyes). Non-cycloplegic refractions were measured until 6 months postoperatively. Spherical equivalent (SE), J0 and J45 using power vectors were calculated to determine and compare the changes of refractive astigmatism and axis in both groups. Results: SE significantly decreased after surgery for the first week and did not changed thereafter in both groups (p = 0.000 and p = 0.018, respectively). In BLR group, J0 showed significant changes at the first week and 1 month after surgery (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively), but in R&R group, J0 changed significantly between 1 week and 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.023 and p = 0.016, respectively). J45 did not change significantly as time passed in both groups (all p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of changes in SE, J0 and J45 between the two groups after the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.500, p = 0.244 and p = 0.202, respectively). Conclusions: Horizontal rectus muscle surgery in intermittent exotropic children tends to induce a statistically significant change in astigmatism in the with-the-rule direction and myopic shift in SE. This astigmatism change seems to occur within the first 3 months after surgery. Thus, astigmatism induced by surgery should be checked and corrected at least 3 months after horizontal strabismus surgery.

「浦項中城里新羅碑」를 통해 본 新羅의 部와 지방지배

홍승우 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2014 한국문화 Vol.66 No.-

The dispute that has been written on ‘Pohang-Joongseongri-Silla-stele’, occurred between two individuals named Duji-Saganji(豆智沙干支), Ilbuji(日夫智) and Modanbeol-Hwe(牟旦伐喙) which was one of the Silla 6Bu(新羅六部). Goong(宮), which is estimated to farmland, or Mobilized people called Jakmin(作民) was subject of dispute. And Duji-Saganji(豆智沙干支) and Ilbuji(日夫智) were won. From this result, it is possible to know about dismantling process of Silla Bu(部)-system, which is the state system of Early Silla. It is not only because of concentration of political power. It is also because of extinction of the communal ownership of Bu. As we can see on the inscription, two individuals, who belongs to HweBu or SaHweBu, took farmland from Modanbeol-Hwe. This shows that Silla 6Bu’s political power is concentrated in HweBu‧SaHweBu and ownership of the subject of labor and the means of production, which was the Bu originally owned, now belongs to individual person. It means that the nature of the ruling class of Silla changed from representatives of Bu to individual nobles. ‘Pohang-Joongsengri-Silla-stele’ contains a dispute that occurred in the provinces of Silla. Therefore, we can find important clues in conjunction with the local ruling of Silla. Silla organized local administration in several form according to the situation. In some cases, Silla made local areas to Chon(村). And let the local chiefs to rule Chon(村) Autonomously and give them governmental ranking called Ganji(干支) and Ilgeumji(壹金智). In other cases, Silla keep traditional local organization without change to Silla local administration. In this case, self-government of local area was strong further. But, Early Silla’s local ruling system was not fully approved self-government. As in the case of Modanbeol-Hwe local governance of Silla seized farmland and human resources(作民), have been used in conjunction with a way to influence the region through it. In these ways, Silla 6Bu controlled directly the subject of labor and the means of production. It made the political power of local chiefs weak and to strengthen central control of Silla.

갑상선 절제술 중 발견된 단일 신경 가지처럼 보였던 반회후두신경 분지 증례 1예

홍승우,박헌수,허재원,이동근 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2022 임상이비인후과 Vol.33 No.4

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is an important structure that requires careful attention to be preserved during thyroidectomy. Because injury of this nerve results in vocal cord paralysis, which can lead to voice change, aspiration and even pneumonia. RLN often has branches which is vulnerable to nerve injury during surgery. RLN branch usually occurs close to the cricothyroid joint, or close to the junction between the nerve and the inferior thyroid artery. However, if the RLN branch is located lower than inferior thyroid artery, the risk of nerve damage could be increased. We report this rare anatomic variation of RLN case with a review of the literature.

지능형 에지 컴퓨팅 및 네트워킹 기술

홍승우,이창식,김선철,강경순,문성,심재찬,홍성백,류호용,Hong, S.W.,Lee, C.S.,Kim, S.C.,Kang, K.S.,Moon, S.,Shim, J.C.,Hong, S.B.,Ryu, H.Y. 한국전자통신연구원 2019 전자통신동향분석 Vol.34 No.1

In the upcoming post-app era, real-time, intelligent and immersive services such as autonomous vehicles, virtual secretaries, virtual reality, and augmented reality are expected to dominate. However, there is a growing demand for new networking and computing infrastructure capabilities because existing physical connection-oriented networks and centralized cloud-based service environments have inherent limitations to effectively accommodate these services. To this end, research on intelligent edge network computing technology is underway to analyze the contextual situation of human and things and to configure the service environment on the network edge so that the application services can be performed optimally. In this article, we describe the technology issues for edge network intelligence and introduce related research trends.

바이스게르버의 기호론과 의미론의 특징-낱말밭 이론의 발생과 토대에 대한 기고

홍승우 한글학회 1982 한글 Vol.- No.175

전형의미론의 범주화 이론과 범주의 구조에 대한 고찰

홍승우 한국외국어대학교 1999 게르만어문학 Vol.10 No.-

Wilhelm von Humboldt 와 Noam Chomsky

홍승우 한국독어독문학회 1980 獨逸文學 Vol.25 No.1

Erst nach dem Erscheinen von yntactic Structures" hat Noam Chomw sky nach Vorbildern unter europaischen groBen Denkern gesucht. Zu ihnen zahlt Wilhelm von Humboldt. Rodolfo Jacobson hat auf die augerordentliche'Ahnlichkeit (xtraordinary similarity") zwischen Humboldt and Chomsky hingewiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist nach Eugenio Coserius. Auffassung Humboldt in Chomskyschen Schriften nicht er historische Wilhelm von Humboldt, sondern hSchstens ein hybrider ,Noam von Humboldt"`. Es fragt sich daher, welche These von beiden zutreffend ist. Zum einen: Chomsky sieht in Humboldts rzeugung" eine LTbereinstimmung mit seiner eneration." Wahrend sich aber diese nur auf die Syntax bezieht and einen panchronischen and mathematischen Charakter hat, bezieht sich jene auf die Sprache im allgemeinen and die Einzelsprache bzw. ihre Einzelerscheinungen and hat einen geschichtlichen and nicht-mathematischen Charakter. Daruberhinaus setzt Chomsky seinen Terminus enerative rules" mit der prachform" bzw. dem ystem von Regeln" bei Humboldt gleich. Auger den ebengenannten Unterschieden findet sick such noch ein anderer: Humboldts Sprachform gehort zum Bereich der Energeia, aber Chomskys enerative rules" zu dem der Ergon. Und zwar handelt es sich bei Humboldt um etwas Reales,. was in Wirksamkeit auf die Sprachgemeinschaft and das Individuum~ sichtbar wird, and bei Chomsky um etwas Operationelles, womit er einen sprachwissenschaftlichen Teilbereich, die Syntax, formalisieren will. Zum zweiten: Chomsky betrachtet Humboldts nnere Sprachform -auBere Sprachform" als eine ~Jbereinkunft mit seinem Terminus eep structure-surface structure". Die innere Form ware iefer" als die auBere, weil die erste unmittelbar nicht erfaBt werden kann. Nach Chomsky ist die eaning" z.B. in r sieht" and s wird gesehen" identisch, weil beide Ausdrucke eine gemeinsame Tiefenstruktur besitzen. Diese Identitat ist aber nur in der des gemeintett Gegenstandes, uberhaupt nicht in der der innersprachlichen Struktur.Dagegen wird bei Humboldt eine klare Unterscheidung der innersprachlichen Zusammenhange von den auBersprachlichen Gegenstanden vorgenommen. Abgesehen davon, daB die Tiefenstruktur auch bier auf die Syntax gerichtet ist, die innere Sprachform dagegen auf die Sprache selbst, steht das Begriffspaar bei Chomsky in Opposition zueinander, wahrend das bei Humboldt aber in einer Interdependenz steht. Zum dritten: Chomsky versteht unter dem :Begriff der Energeia bei Humbldt einen kreativen Aspekt des Sprachgebrauchs, d.h. das Sprechen. Die Humboldtsche Stelle, die viele Fehlinterpretationen verursacht hat, ist leichsam die Totalitat theses Sprechens". Gleichsam" heiBt es hier ine Analogie zwischen dem Sprechen and der Sprache"., prechen" bedeutet bei Humboldt nicht immer prechen" im heutigen Sinne, sondern auch ine notwendige Bedingung des Denkens". Und zwar bedeutet die otalitat" nicht einfach die Summe, sondern die Ganzheit bzw. die Gesamtheit. Kurzum, es handelt sick bei der Energeia gar nicht um das Sprechen. Die Chomskysche Kreativitat beschrankt sich auf die Syntax and die synchronische Ebene. Dagegen bezieht sich die Humboldtsche auf die Erzeugung des Sprachinhalts and die geschichtliche Ebene. Noch etwas Wichtigeres: Nach Chomsky versteht Humboldt nur die bule-changing creativity", nicht die bule-governed creativity". Das ist aber falsch; Humboldt kennt auch die letztere. Zum vierten: Bei Chomsky ist die Sprachfahigkeit angeboren, and er vernachlalbigt spracherwerbenden ProzeB (spater korrigiert er diese Meinung als falsche Annahme). Das angeborene Sprachvermogen ist aber bei Humboldt durch Alter and LJbung gewachsen. LTbrigens hat das Sprach-Lernen eines Kindes einen engen Zusammenhang mit seiner Sprachgemeinschaft, well seine jeweils erreichte Sprachfahigkeit innerhalb dieser moglich ist. Bei der Sprachforschung von Chomsky spielt dieses wichtige Thema keine Rolle. Humboldt ist: ein Vermittler zwischen angeborenem and erworbenem Sprachvermogen. Zum funften: Nach Chomsky beruht die generative Grammatik auf dem Gedanken des Organist us bei HumbQldt, njch.t auf dem des System bei Saussure. M.E. hat Chomsky aber gar nicht nach dem Wesen and der Eigenschaft des Organismus gefragt. Die Forderun.g Humboldts nach einer Sprachforschung aufgrund eines innerlich zusammenhangenden Organismus ist nicht in der generativen Grammatik, sondern in der Sprachinhaltsforschung in Erfiillung gegangen. Zum sechsten: Nach R. Jacobson habe Humboldt den Zusammenhang zwischen Sprache and Mensch nicht ignoriert; eine derartige Dualitat vermehre sich auch bei Chomsky. Es handelt sich aber bei Humboldt nicht um die Dualitat zwischen Sprache and Mensch, sondern um die Polaritat zwischen Welt and Mensch, and dabei ist die Sprache ihr Vermittler. Der Zusammenhang prache-Welt-Mensch" wird bei ihm nicht ignoriert, sondern steht im Zentrum seiner Sprachbetrachtung. Auch wenn man die iJbereinstimmung der Dualitat in beiden anerkennt, ist sie nicht gleichartige, sondern nichts als hschstens eine zufallige stilistische. Aufgrund des bisher Gesagten gelange ich zum Ergebnis, daB die Gemeinsamkeit zwischen der Humboldtschen and der Chomskyschen Sprachtheorie durchaus nicht in Frage kommt. M.W. ist die Verschiedenheit manchmal auch Chomsky selbst bekannt. Zum SchluB mochte ich betonen, daB meine Absicht in dieser Arbeit weder eine Kritik an der Chomskyschen Sprachtheorien an and fur sich, noch eine Rechtfertigung der Humboldtschen darstellt. Daruber mir Klarheit zu schaffen, ob man irgend einen AnschluB des Chomsky an Humboldt anerkennen kann odor nicht, war mein Ziel.

스플라인 맨드릴 플로우포밍을 위한 롤러 가공 깊이 최적화 연구

홍승우,원권희,장형석,윤승민,현승균,김상열 대한기계학회 2023 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.47 No.4

Flow forming is a metal forming method that forms a thick circular preform whose thickness and length are determined by its rotation and the two-dimensional motion of the rollers used. In this study, the optimal conditions for the forming depth for splined mandrel flow forming were obtained by the comparative analysis of actual forming data and analyzed data obtained from the flow forming process of a wet clutch housing of a transmission. It required a structure that can transmit a high torque and achieve mechanical reliability owing to the characteristics of agricultural tractors. The large forming load generated during the flow forming process acted as a major factor in the abrasion of the rollers and the mandrel. Moreover, an imbalance was caused by the difference between the loads of the three rollers, producing product defects. Therefore, the forming depth of the rollers was optimized as a variable using the finite element method to minimize the load applied to each roller and determine the balanced condition for the loads of the three rollers. The results of the forming depth analysis yielded forming depths of 4.2 mm, 2.4 mm, and 2.2 mm for the A, B, and C rollers, respectively. These results were confirmed by comparative verification with actual forming data. 플로우포밍은 프리폼의 회전과 롤러의 2차원 운동을 통해 두꺼운 원형 프리폼을 얇고 길게 성형하는 금속 가공법 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 농기계 트렉터의 특성상 높은 토크를 전달할 수 있는 구조와 기계적 신뢰성이 요구되는 변속기의 습식 클러치 하우징을 성형하는 플로우포밍 공정에서 실제 가공 데이터와 해석 데이터를 비교분석을 통하여 가공 깊이 최적 조건을 구하였다. 플로우포밍 공정 중 발생하는 큰 성형 하중은 롤러와 맨드릴의 마멸에 주 인자로 작용하며, 3개의 롤러의 하중 차이로 불균형이 발생하여 제품 결함의 원인이 된다. 따라서 맨드릴고 각 롤러에 작용 하중을 최소화시키고, 3개의 롤러의 부하를 균형 있는 조건을 찾기 위하여 유한요소법을 이용하여 롤러의 가공 깊이를 변수로 최적화하였다. 가공 깊이 해석 결과는 A 롤러 4.2 mm, B 롤러 2.4 mm, C 롤러 2.2 mm로 나타나며, 실제 성형공정 데이터와 비교검증을 통하여 확인하였다.