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染色物의 日光에 對한 堅牟性에 關한 硏究 (第2報) 褪色速度 曲線에 對하여
하완식,Ha, Wan-Shik 대한화학회 1964 대한화학회지 Vol.8 No.4
The author proposed an equation of fading rate, expressed as ${\Delta}E$=${\Delta}E_{1{\infty}}({{1-e^{-k}}_1}^t)+k_2t$, where ${\Delta}E$=fading of dye (colour difference of N.B.S. unit), ${\Delta}E_{1{\infty}}$=extremity value of fading of molecularly dispersed dye, $k_1$, $k_2$=constants, t=exposure (hours). The validity of above equation, which is connected with the state of dye in fibre, was confirmed by experimental in a range of 2-3 colour fading in grey scale value for assessing change in colour visually, except the case of increasing the fading rate with the time resulted from the break-down of dye particles through the heat effect of light; it was also discussed about possiblity of evaluating of fastness to light of dye in early stage.
몇 가지 Azo계 직접 염료의 셀로판 막 위에서의 이상(이상)광 퇴색에 관한 이론적고찰
하완식 한국섬유공학회 1974 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.11 No.1
The anomalous fading behavior of C.I. Direct Red 81, C.I. Direct Blue 76, and Congo Red on cellophane film has been investigated and discussed, considering with theoretical characteristic fading curve and characteristic fading equation for each dye. In case of Congo Red, the theoretical characteristic fading curve, which varies with fading rate of aggregatively sorbed component and shape of sorption isotherm of the dye, is particularly introduced. As a result, the cause of the anomalous fading of the dyes on cellophane film is shown to be contribution of physical state of the dyes. It is assumed that the anomalous fading of Congo Red in a range of certain dye concentration on film occurs in the moment the dye is growing to partly aggregate in the substrate. Therefore, the fading behavior of Congo Red suggests that many other substantive azo dyes known to be a normal fading dye may also show the same anomalous fading behavior as Congo Red.
이상 퇴색의 Mechanism(제 2 보) Congo Red의 셀로판 막에의 염 부재하에서의 등온 흡착
하완식 한국섬유공학회 1973 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.10 No.1
For the purpose of determining the quantity of dyes sorbed in monomolecular and aggregate state in the substrate, the sorption isotherm for Congo Red on cellophane film was determined at 97$^{\circ}C$ in absence of salt. A modification of existing sorption isotherm was attempted through discussion of the fading behavior of Congo Red sorbed only monomolecularly in the substrate. The data showed considerable correlation much more with the proposed sorption isotherm than with the generally used one. (Received Feb. 28, 1973)
연신비가 폴리카프라미드 막의 표면 에너지에 미치는 영향
하완식,류동일,김정수 한국섬유공학회 1980 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.17 No.1
Critical surface tension γc, dispersion γsd, polar γsp including hydrogen bonding, polar γspr excluding hydrogen bonding, and hydrogen bonding γsh contributions of the solid surface tension γs for polycapramide film prepared under various draw ratios were determined by Zisman's plot, Kaelble's computational analysis and extended Fowkes' equation, respectively. It is indicated that the increase in γs of the film surface with draw ratio is mainly due to hydrogen bonding contribution.
하완식,오상균,육지호,Ha, Wan-Sik,O, Sang-Gyun,Yuk, Ji-Ho 한국섬유공학회 1990 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.27 No.8
A method of preparing high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) was developed. In heat transfer agents, such as biphenyl, terphenyl, benzophenone, diphenyl ether, cyclohexylbenzene, and hydrogenated triphenyl, PET powder was postpolycondensated under preheated nitrogen flow of 31/min. Among the heat transfer agents biphenyl, cyclohexyl benzene, and hydrogenated triphenyl had effects on the increase of molecular weight of the polymer, and PET of intrinsic viscosity(IV) 1.56 or 92,000 could be prepared from the polymer of IV 0.62. The porous fibrillar PET was made by dissolving the polymer in phenol/tetrachloroethane and precipitating the polymer solution in acetone. This porous fibrillar PET was solid state polycondensated under nitrogen flow or in hydrogenated triphenyl as the heat transfer agent, and the polymer was capable of producing much higher molecular weight in comparison with the ordinary melt or solid state polycondensation product even at lower reaction temperature. Finally PET having IV 2.95 (221,000) and carboxyl content of 3.3 eq.110sg PET was produced via two steps postpolycondensation in hydrogenated triphenyl from the porous fibrillar PET (IV 0.62) and its polydispersity index was 2.31.
에틸렌 글리콜에 의한 디메틸 테레프탈레이트의 에스테르 교환 반응에 관한 개정 속도식
하완식 한국섬유공학회 1978 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The transesterification of dimethy1 terephthalate (DMT) by ethylene glycol.(EG) was reinvestigated on the basis of kinetics. A correction was made to the rate equation previously reported by authors. The revised rata equation was derived in consideration of increase of catalyst concentration due to the distillation of methanol from the reaction mixture during the transesterification. A fine agreement between the calculated and observed literature values was recognized. The examination of the equation was made at $\mu$$\geq$2, where $\mu$ is EG/DMT initial mole ratio.
금속초산염촉매첨가하에 에틸렌글리콜에 의한 디메틸테레프탈레이트의 에스테르교환반응에 관한 반응속도론적 고찰
하완식,금기용 한국섬유공학회 1976 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.13 No.4
The transesterification of dimethyl terphthalate by ethylene glycol was studied under conditions designed to yield bis (${\beta}$-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as the primary product. The reaction in the presence of seven kind of metal acetate catalyst appeared more likely to follow a machanism of single second-order reaction. The data are consistent with single second-order reaction expressed in terms of the amount of methanol as a function of time, but are not sufficiently consistent with single first-order kinetics to explain the mechanism.
섬유소섬유상(섬유소섬유상) 이성분계(이성분계) 혼합직접 염료의 퇴색속도
하완식 한국섬유공학회 1971 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.8 No.1
Fading rate of C.I. Direct Red 81 and C.I. Direct Blue 76 on cellophane film has been investigated for the dye systems of single and admixed of both dyes. In the case of single dye system, it has been found that the fading reaction order of the dyes showed 2nd for Red 81 and zero for Blue 76 in a wide range of adsorbed dye concentration. However, it has been observed that the fading rate constant varied with initial dye concentration in both dyes. And it was possible to explain this phenomenon in a well formed formula by introducing water concentration and dye particle number showed in terms of initial dye concentration in the cellophane film. In the case of admixture system, the fading rate of component dyes was not affected by the presence of companion dye, (Received April 20, 1971)