밀폐식과 개방식 장치를 이용한 Acid류의 인화점과 연소점에 관한 연구

하동명,이성진,한종근 한국화재소방학회 2006 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.20 No.3

The flash and fire point are the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable material. The flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel. The fire point is the temperature of the flammable liquid at which there will be flaming combustion, sustained 5 seconds in response to the pilot flame. In this study, the flash points and fire points were measured to present raw data of the flammable risk assessment for acids, using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup(C.C.) apparatus (ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-cup (O.C.) apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). The measured fire points were compared with the estimated values based on 1.11 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in good agreement with measured values. 인화점과 연소점은 가연성 물질의 잠재적인 화재 및 폭발 위험성을 결정하는데 중요한 연소 특성치들이 다. 인화점은 가연성 액체에서 발생한 증기가 공기와 혼합하여 가연성 혼합기체를 형성하여 인화할 수 있 는 액체의 최저 온도로 정의 한다. 연소점(fire point)은 가연성 액체 표면에 시험염(pilot flame)을 접촉시 켰을 때 5초간 발염연소를 지속하는 액체의 온도를 말한다. 인화점은 여러 문헌에서 소개가 되고 있지만, 연소점은 연소의 지속성(sustenance)을 나타내는 중요한 자료임에도 불구하고 관련 문헌은 소수에 불과하 다. 본 연구에서는 산류에 대해 Pensky-Martens 밀폐식 장치(ASTM-D93)와 Tag 개방식 장치(ASTM D1310-86)를 이용하여 하부인화점 및 연소점을 측정하였고, 측정된 값은 화학양론계수의 1.11배를 근거로 예측 값과 비교하였고, 제시된 식은 실험값과 잘 일치하였다.

개방식 장치를 이용한 water+2-propanol 계의 인화점 측정 및 예측

하동명,이성진 한국화재소방학회 2007 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.21 No.2

The knowledge of the flash point of the mixtures is very important for prevention and protection of fire in the industrial field. The flash points for the water+2-propanol system were measured by using Tag open-cup apparatus(ASTM D1310-86). The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law, the Van Laar equation and the NRTL(Non Random Two Liquids) equation. The calculated values based on the Van Laar and NRTL equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. It was concluded that Van Laar and NRTL equations were more effective than the Raoult' law at describing the activity coefficients for non-ideal solution such as the water+2-propanol system. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the Van Laar equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the NRTL equation. 혼합물의 인화점에 대한 지식은 산업 현장에서 화재화재 예방 및 방호를 위해서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 water+2-propanol 계의 인화점을 Tag 개방식 장치(ASTM D1310-86)를 이용하여 측정하 였다. 실험값은 Raoult의 법칙, Van Laar 모델식과 NRTL 모델식에 의해 계산된 값들과 비교되었다. 그 결과, Van Laar 모델식과 NRTL(non random two liquids) 모델식에 의한 예측값이 Rauolt의 법칙에 의한 예측값 보다 실험값에 더욱 근접하였다. 이는 water+2-propanol 계와 같은 비이상용액의 활동도 계수값을, Van Laar 및 NRTL 모델식이 Raoult의 법칙보다 정확하게 계산하기 때문이다. 또 한, Van Laar 모델식의 실험값에 대한 모사성이 NRTL 모델식의 그것 보다 우수하였다.

내장재의 발화시간, 열방출율 및 최대화염 높이의 예측을 위한 반응표면방법론의 활용성 고찰

하동명 한국화재소방학회 2006 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 건축내장재의 발화시간과 열방출율을 예측하고자 한다. 반응표면방법론(RSM)과 문헌 자료를 사용하여 건축내장제의 새로운 발화시간과 열방출율의 예측식을 제시하였다. 재료의 두께와 밀도 에 의한 발화시간의 예측값과 문헌값의 A.A.P.E.는 4.35초, A.A.D.는 1.57초 그리고 상관계수는 0.987이 였다. 버너의 폭과 열량에 의한 순열방출율의 예측값과 문헌값의 상관계수는 0.983이였으며, 버너의 폭과 열량에 의한 총열방출율의 예측값과 문헌값의 상관계수는 0.999였다. 또한 버너의 폭과 열량에 의한 최대 화염높이의 상관계수는 0.999로서, 제시한 예측식들에 의한 예측값은 문헌값과 일치하였다. The aim of this study is to predict the ignition times and the HRR(heat release rate) for building interior materials. By using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the ignition time and the HRR of building interior materials are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated ignition times by means of the thickness and the density were 4.35 sec and 1.57sec, and the correlation coefficient was 0.987. The correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the net HRR by means of burner width and power was 0.983. Also the correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the total HHR by means of burner width and power was 0.999. The correlation coefficient of the reported and the calculated the maximum flame height by means of burner width and power was 0.999. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data.

n-Butanol과 n-Decane계의 최소자연발화온도 측정 및 예측

하동명,홍순강 한국화재소방학회 2011 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구에서는 ASTM E659 장치를 이용하여 가연성 혼합물인 n-butanol + n-decane 계의 발화지연시간과 AIT관계를 측정하였다. 2성분계를 구성하는 순수물질인 n-butanol과 n-decane의 측정된 최소자연발화온도는 각 각 340℃, 211℃였다. 그리고 n-butanol + n-decane계에서 측정된 발화지연시간은 제시된 식에 의한 예측된 발화지연시간과 적은 평균절대오차에서 일치하였다. This study measured the AITs of n-butanol + n-decane system from ignition delay time (time lag)by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of n-butanol and n-decane which constituted binary system were 340℃ and 212℃, respectively. The experimental AITs of n-butanol + n-decane system were a good agreement with the calculated AITs by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D. (average absolute deviation).

Prediction of the Net Heat of Combustion of Organic Halogetated Compounds based on the Atomic Comtribution Method

하동명,이성진 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

The heat of combustion is one of the major physical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Empirical equations have been developed to pre-dict the net heats of combustion of organic halogenated compounds based on the atomic contribution method. The method developed in this study was compared with Cardozo's method and Hanley's method. As can be seen from the average absolute deviation(A.A.D.), the proposed equation was found to be best. The proposed equation may serve as an estimation scheme for the heats of combustion of the other organic halogenated compounds.

Cyclopentanol의 자연발화온도 측정

하동명,박상훈,장선연,한진석,박진현,변문주,차명환 한국화재소방학회 2014 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.춘계

파라핀족과 올레핀족 탄화수소 화합물의 폭발상한계의 추산

하동명,이수경 社)韓國火災 ·消防學會 1996 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2

An estimation methodology, based on statistics and numerical method, has been developed for estimating the upper explosive limits(UEL) of paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbon compounds. With proposed method, the UEL has been calculated for 24 paraffinic and 10 olefinic hydrocarbon compounds. The estimated the UEL agree with the experimental values within a few percent. A comparisons with four other methods avaiable in the literature are also presented. It is hoped eventually that this method will permit estimation of the UEL with improved accuracy and broader application for other compounds.

국내 원전의 이산화탄소 소화설비의 점검기준에 관한 연구

하동명,김동일,김용달,이상현,김동석,이주헌 한국화재소방학회 2019 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.춘계

가연성물질의 폭발한계에 관한 연구 : 알코올화합물의 폭발특성치 및 폭발한계의 온도의존성 예측 Prediction of Explosive Properties and Temperature Dependence of Explosive Limits for n - Alcohols

하동명 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.1

By using literature data, the empirical equations have been derived which describe the interrelationships of explosion and other related properties of n-alcohols. The properties which have been correlated data are : lower and upper explosive limits, heats of combustion, carbon numbers. Also, the new equation for predicting the temperature dependence of lower explosive limits(LEL) of n-alcohols on the basis of explosive limits, heats of combustion, flame propagation theory and mathematical method is proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with literature data within a few percent. From a given explosive properties, by using the proposed equations, it is possible to predict the other properties. It is hoped eventually that this method will permit the estimation of the explosive properties of alcohol with improved accuracy and the broader application for other compounds.

건축 내장재의 Flashover 시간 및 열방출량 예측에 관한 연구

하동명 한국화재소방학회 2004 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.18 No.3

An important characteristics during fire growth is the phenomena of flashover, which is the transition from the local combustion to the full-room fire. The aim of this study is to predict the flashover times, the ignition times and HRR(heat release rate) of flashover for building interior materials. By using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the flashover time, the ignition time and the HRR of building interior materials are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated flashover times were 38.74sec and 51.24sec respectively, and the correlation coefficient was 0.975. The A.A.P.E and the A.A.D of the reported and the calculated ignition times were 10.96sec and 1.97sec, and the correlation coefficient was 0.962. Also the A.A.P.E and the A.A.D. of the reported and the calculated the HRR of flashover by means of times were 29.92 and 514, and the correlation coefficient was 0.830. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed equations will support the use of the research for other building interior materials. 화재성장기 동안의 중요한 특징은 국부연소에서 전실연소로 전이되는 플래시오버 현상이다. 본 연구의 목적은 건축내장재의 플래시오버 시간 및 발화시간 그리고 열방출량을 예측에 있다. Response Surface Methodology(RSM) 방법과 문헌자료를 사용하여 플래시오버 시간 및 발화시간 그리고 열방출량을 예측하 는 식을 제시하였다. 예측식에 의해 계산된 플래시오버 시간과 문헌값의 A.A.P.E.는 38.74초, A.A.D.는 51.42초 그리고 상관계수는 0.975이다. 발화시간의 예측값과 문헌값의 A.A.P.E.는 10.96초, A.A.D.는 1.97초 그리고 상관계수는 0.962이다. 또한 시간에 의한 플래시오버 열방출량의 예측값과 문헌값의 A.A.P.E.는 29.92, A.A.D.는 514 그리고 상관계수는 0.830이다. 제시한 예측식에 의한 계산값은 문헌값과 일치하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시된 식이 다른 건축내장재 연구에도 이용되기를 기대한다.