[특집/새정부 출범과 대북·통일정책] 남북간 화해와 신뢰조성의 지름길

하동룡 북한연구소 1998 北韓 Vol.- No.314

시금치의 생육, 저장기간 및 세척에 따른 잔류농약 분해특성

서정미,하동룡,이향희,오무술,신현우,김은선,박종진 한국식품위생안전성학회 2010 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Two pesticides commonly used in spinach were subjected to a field residue trial to ensure safety of terminal residues in the harvest. The residual patterns of two pesticides, which were Azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos were examined after applying with the recommended dose and their DT50 were calculated. Also degradation patterns of pesticides at storage 4℃ were compared to those at 20℃, and removal rates of pesticides by washing spinach with water were measured. Biological half-lives of azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos were 3.2~3.8 and 3.8~4.7 days, respectively. During the storage period, the degradation patterns were appeared more obviously at 20℃ than 4℃. Removal rates of azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos were 9.6~90.0% and 17.7~85.8% by various washing methods.

식중독원인균에 대한 작두콩 추출물의 항균활성

정재근,이정치,하동룡 한국식품위생안전성학회 2014 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Various solvents (chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and hot water) were testedto investigate the antimicrobial activities of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) against 12 food poisoning bacteria. Chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and hot water extracts had no antimicrobial activities, but ethanol extract showedV. parahemolyticus 10 mm, S. sonnei 9 mm, and methanol extract showed strong activities in order of V. parahemolyticus22 mm, S. sonnei 21 mm, L. monocytogenes 20 mm by disk diffusion. The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) were also determined. The methanol extract had MIC values of 50 mg/mL against S. Typhimurium, V. parahemolyticus,and S. sonnei and values of 100 mg/mL against other 7 food poisoning bacteria and values of 200 mg/mL against Y. enterocolitica and MRSA. The inhibitory effect of methanol sword bean extract on the growth of V. parahemolyticus was investigated. Growth of the strain occurred at the concentration of 0.5% extract and was inhibitedcontinuously at 1.0 and 1.5% for 30hours after inoculation, whereas the strain was completely inhibited at 2.0%after 9hours of inoculation

Shigella flexneri에 의한 집단발병의 역학적 양상

기현균,김선희,기혜영,서진종,하동룡,김은선,정재근,김성한,이복권 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

배경 : 국내에서 Shigella flexneri에 의한 감염으로 인한 집단발병은 2000년도에 국립보건원에 집단발병례가 보고된 이후 보고되지 않았으나 최근 저자 등은 S. flexneri에 의한 대규모 집단발병을 경험하여 역학적인 양상을 기술하였다. 방법 : OO회사의 직원 및 구내식당을 이용한 사람 및 가족들을 대상으로 증상여부 및 2002년 12월 23일 이후 식당이용 여부와 취식음식에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며 검체를 확보하여 미생물학적 검사를 실시하였다. 결과 : 조사대상 총 258명 중 총 110명에서 증상이 발생하였으며 증상발생일의 분포는 단일정점을 보였다. 확진자는 82명으로 이중 81명은 OO의 식당을 이용한 사람이었고 1명은 식당에서 직접 조리과정에 참여한 사람이었다. 식사여부와 증상여부의 관계를 분석한 결과 특히 24일의 취식여부의 상대위험도가 가장 높았다(RR=6.46, 3.56≤95% CI≤11.75). 항균제 내성 양상은 ampicillin 내성균주가 82균주(100.0%) ampicillin-sulbactam 내성균주가 55균주(67.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid에 대한 내성균주가 62균주(74.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 내성균주가 82균주로 나타났다(98.8%). 분리된 균주간의 연관성을 보기 위하여 실시한 PFGE 결과 본 집단발병에서 확인된 균주는 동일한 양상을 보였으나 비슷한 시기에 분리된 균주와는 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 본 집단발병은 국내에서 발생한 S. flexneri에 의한 집단발병 중 가장 대규모 집단발병이었다. 본 집단발병에서 확인된 균주간의 PFGE양상이 동일하였으나 기존에 국내에서 분리된 균주의 PFGE양상과는 다른 양상을 보였다. 따라서 이러한 상황을 감안한다면 S. flexneri 및 설사환자에 대한 감시체계를 강화해야 할 것이다. Background : Most of the shigellosis outbreak in Korea was caused by Shigella sonnei since late 1990's. In contrast, outbreak by Shigella flexneri were rare since late 1990's. Currently. we experienced the shigellosis outbreak by S. flexneri and described the results of investigation. Methods : We recruited employees from company "A" who had a meal at least once at the company's cafeteria from Dec 23th, 2002 to Dec 26th, 2002. We surveyed the symptoms, food items, and history of travel of eligible persons and their family members. For the microbiological examination, we collected specimen from eligible persons and their family. Collected specimens were cultured for bacteriologic agents and viruses. Epidemiological relationship among the isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results : Among the eligible persons, one hundred ten were symptomatic (110/258, 42,6%). Eighty-two were confirmed bacteriologically. Day of symptom onset showed a unipolar pattern. Diarrhea was the most common symptom among the symptomatic patients (110/110, 100%). The other symptoms included abdominal pain (81.8%), tenesmus (70.0%), headache (63.6%), nausea (61.8%), febrile sense (59.1%), and vomiting (24.5%). Lunch on 24th Dec was the most significant risk factor of the outbreak (RR=6.46, 3.56≤95% Cl≤11.75). All isolates of the outbreak has the same pattern on PFGE analysis and the PFGE pattern was not similar compared with other S. flexneri isolates from Korea. Conclusion : This is the largest and unique outbreak by S.flexneri since 2000 in Korea. The outbreak has the same origin according to the PFGE pattern and epidemic characteristics. Considering rarity of S.flexneri among shigellosis in Korea, surveillance for S.flexneri should be enhanced.

광주지역 수입식품의 안전성에 대한 조사연구

이향희,강경리,조배식,하동룡,김은선 한국식품위생안전성학회 2006 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.21 No.3

시설재배 상추에서 Benzimidazole계 농약의 분해특성

김종필,서정미,이향희,오무술,하동룡,신현우,김은선 한국식품위생안전성학회 2008 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Three benzimidazole pesticides commonly used in korean lettuce were subjected to a field residue trial to ensure safety of terminal residue in the harvest. The residual patterns of three benzimidazole pesticides, which were carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were examined after applying with the recommended dose in two types of korean lettuce (Chima and Chuckmeon) and their DT50 were calculated. In Chima lettuce, biological half-lives of carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were 2.56, 1.37 and 2.54 days, respectively and their required time under MRL(5.0 mg/kg as carbendazim) were 4.5, 2.2 and 1.0days. In Chuckmeon lettuce, biological half-lives of them were 3.41, 1.70 and 4.20 days, respectively and their required time under MRL were 5.4, 1.9 and 0.5days. Three benzimidazole pesticides commonly used in korean lettuce were subjected to a field residue trial to ensure safety of terminal residue in the harvest. The residual patterns of three benzimidazole pesticides, which were carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were examined after applying with the recommended dose in two types of korean lettuce (Chima and Chuckmeon) and their DT50 were calculated. In Chima lettuce, biological half-lives of carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were 2.56, 1.37 and 2.54 days, respectively and their required time under MRL(5.0 mg/kg as carbendazim) were 4.5, 2.2 and 1.0days. In Chuckmeon lettuce, biological half-lives of them were 3.41, 1.70 and 4.20 days, respectively and their required time under MRL were 5.4, 1.9 and 0.5days.

청주시 일개 고등학교에서 발생한 Norovirus 유행사례

이용제,황의경,김종숙,조상기,하동룡,박성훈,지영미,김성한,윤재득 대한가정의학회 2004 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.25 No.8

Norovirus는 미국, 영국, 일본 등 선진국에서는 바이러스성 위장관염의 주요 병인체로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 2003년 5월 19일부터 5월 21일까지 충북 청주시 C 여고 1학년 학생 364명이 제주도 수학 여행을 다녀온 후 집단 발생한 급성 위장관염에 대한 역학조사 결과, Norovirus에 의한 유행 사례임을 밝혀 내었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다. 환례의 정의에 부합된 학생은 총 196명으로 설문조사를 실시한 사람들에서의 발병률은 54.9%이고, 유행 곡선은 단일봉 양상이었다. 설사 횟수는 대부분(76.8%) 1~6회, 설사 기간은 대부분(85.1%) 이틀 이내로 비교적 가벼운 설사 증상을 보였으며, 설사에 동반된 증상은 복통, 두통, 후중기, 발열, 오심, 구토 순이었다. 환례 정의에 부합된 총 196명의 직장채변에서 살모넬라균속(Salmonella spp.), 이질균속(Shigella spp.), 비브리오균속(Vibrio spp.), 포도상구균(Staphylococcus aureus), 병원성 대장균 O157(E. coli O157)에 대한 세균학적 검사에서는 의심이 될 만한 병원성 세균은 검출되지 않았으나, 바이러스 검사에서는 총 25건의 검체 중 3건에서 Norovirus가 분리되었다. 수학여행 기간 동안의 조리 종사자 가검물 22건에 대한 세균 및 바이러스 검사에서는 특이한 사항이 없었으나, 환경 검체에 대한 세균학적 검사 13건 가운데 숙박 호텔의 지하수에서 일반세균이 130 CFU/mL, 대장균이 양성으로 나와 오염된 지하수를 식수로 사용하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 환경 검체에서 바이러스 검사는 실시하지 못했다. 결론적으로 이번 C 여고의 집단 설사 유행은 Norovirus에 의한 급성 위장관염으로 숙박 호텔의 오염된 지하수와 관련되었을 것으로 판단된다. Norovirus is one of the common causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in developed countries. A large outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among girls‘ high school students in Cheongju city, Chungbuk province, who had attended a school trip to Cheju island from 19 to 21 May 2003. One hundred and ninety six students were consistent with case definition and attack rate was 54.9%. The epidemic curve was characteristic of a point-source outbreak. The frequency of diarrhea was 1 to 6 times (76.8%) and the duration of diarrhea was within two days (85.1%) in most cases. The most common symptom with diarrhea was abdominal pain followed by headache, tenesmus, febrile sense, chill and vomiting. The following bacterial organisms, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and E coli O157 were examined in 196 stool specimens, but no suspicious organism was detected. In virological examinations, Norovirus was dectected in 3 out of 25 stool specimens from the sick students. Among the 22 stool specimens of the food handlers during the school trip, both bacterial and virological examinations were all negative. Among the 13 environmental specimens, the groundwater of the hotel, where the students had stayed during their school trip, was contaminated with general bacteria and E. Coli. However, we could not detect Norovirus in the groundwater of the hotel. We concluded that Norovirus might be a possible cause of this outbreak, and the water supply of the hotel might be a probable source of this outbreak.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Outbreak in a High School

박성훈,김선희,기혜영,서진종,하동룡,조성학,이복권 대한감염학회 2006 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.38 No.1

황련해독탕 추출액의 각막염 원인균에 대한 항균효과

김인수,서진종,김광곤,하동룡,신민구,김의수,전상윤,Kim, In-Soo,Seo, Jin-Jong,Kim, Kwang-Gon,Ha, Dong-Ryong,Shin, Min-Koo,Kim, Eui-Su,Jeon, Sang-Yun 대한한방내과학회 2014 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives: The goal of this project was to measure the antibacterial effectiveness of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) and its constituents. All of the active ingredients including the final product were prepared using high-pressure sterilization for use as medicinal eye drops. The varying forms of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) were used to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis which are found in keratitis. Methods: The antibacterial effect was measured by observing the presence or absence of antimicrobial activity when treated with varying concentrations of Hwangryunhaedok-tang extract. The tests were performed using a dosage of $70{\mu}l$ dosages of 100%, 50%, 10% and 1% the extracted solution by the minimum growth inhibitory concentration measurement. Antimicrobial activity was measured by examining the correlation between dosage strength and bacterial activity from $70{\mu}l$ to $10{\mu}l$ at the same concentration. Results: 1. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification), Phellodendri Cortex, and gardenia didn't show any antimicrobial effects against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, or E. faecalis. 2. Barberry root showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and S. epidermidis depending on the levels of concentration but didn't show any antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis. 3. Skullcap showed antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and S. epidermidis when a dosage of 100% extract $70{\mu}l$ was used. However, did not show any antimicrobial effects at all against E. faecalis. Conclusions: Hwangryunhaedok-tang (barberry root decoction for detoxification) and its constituents such as barberry root, phellodendri cortex, skullcap, and gardenia, can be used as an alternative to antibiotic medicinal eye drops to treat keratitis. However, further research on effective uses of and efficient extraction methods are needed.

화장품의 보존제 함량 및 사용기간에 따른 미생물오염도 조사

김광곤,강인숙,류종아,하동룡,김은선,서진종 한국피부미용향장학회 2013 한국피부미용향장학회지 Vol.8 No.1