범죄학의 학문적 정체원인과 극복방안

탁종연 ( Jong Yeon Tark ) 한국범죄비행학회 2012 범죄와 비행 Vol.3 No.-

이 글은 우리나라 범죄학의 현 주소를 되짚어 본 후, 범죄학의 학문적 정체를 극복하기 위한 나름의 대책을 제시하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 20년간의 경험과 관찰을 바탕으로 현재 범죄학은 학자들의 절대 수의 부족, 연구역량 부족, 인접 학문의 견제, 그리고 형사사법기관의 비협조 등으로 인해 학문적 정체성조차 인정받지 못하는 위기상황에 처해 있음을 지적하였다. 학문적 정체를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 기존의 경찰행정학과를 범죄학과로 변경하는 등 범죄학의 정체성을 확립하는 것, 철저한 대학원 학사운영을 하는 것, 연구역량과 윤리의식을 고취하는 것, 범죄학 및 경찰학관련 교과서를 한국적 실정에 맞게 집필하는 것, 난립한 학회를 범죄학회와 형사정의학회 두 곳으로 통폐합하는 것, 적극적인 사회참여를 하는 것 등을 제시하였다. This study is an attempt to critically review the current status of the Korean criminology as a discipline, and to find out the cause of recession, and to provide solutions for the scholastic depression. Based on personal experience and observation during last 20 years in the field, I point out that the Korean criminology is in crisis which is indicated by absolute shortage of criminologists, insufficiency of research competency, checking of neighboring discipline, and noncooperation of the criminal justice agencies to the extent the identity of the discipline is threatened. In order to overcome the current crisis, I provide several solutions including changing the title of the department from department of police administration to department of criminology and criminal justice, keeping academic standard, raising research competencies and ethics, authoring criminology and policing textbooks reflecting the Korean situations, merging scrambled academic associations, and actively participating in the criminal justice policy-making process.

경찰의 정책결정이 절도범죄통계에 미치는 영향

탁종연(Tark Jongyeon) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구 Vol.88 No.-

범죄피해자의 자기방어행위의 효과

탁종연(Jongyeon Tark) 한국형사정책학회 2009 刑事政策 Vol.21 No.1

This study assessed the impact of victim self protection(SP) actions on the outcomes of sexual assaults in Korea. Data on 79 sexual assault cases, not including rape cases, recorded in the 1997 and 1999 Korea Crime Victimization Survey were used to estimate multivariate models of crime outcomes with ordinal logistic regression. Results indicated that self-protection in general, both active and reactive, reduced the likelihood of injury, controlling for other variables. Results did not change after including 7 rape cases in the models. The positive effect of self-protection on the outcome did not depend on the victim’s age and the number of offenders but on the victim-offender relationship. When victims knew the sexual offender, the tactics including "threatening the offender"and "try to escape" were not effective in reducing injury. Although it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the effect of victim resistance given the limitation of the data, victim resistance appears to be generally a wise course of action.

경찰간부후보생출신 경찰관들에 대한 경찰관들의 평가

탁종연 ( Jong Yeon Tark ) 한국경찰법학회 2009 경찰법연구 Vol.7 No.1

Few studies have investigated the police cadet graduates (PCG) while they have worked as the mainstream police officers in South Korea for more than sixty years. This research was an attempt to reveal the evaluation of the police officers on the PCG based on a survey of the 261 police sergeants. In order to compare the result with the previous study on the police university graduates (PUG) which recently received much of the attention from the researchers, I employed almost the same survey instrument and sample that was used in the previous study. It was found that police sergeants` evaluations on PCG were generally bad, especially compared with those on the PUG. It was also found that respondents thought PCG have caused numerous problems: they do not mix well with other police officers and were privileged to become lieutenants. On the other hand, respondents believed that they did not significantly contribute to the police organization. As a result, more than half of the respondents said that PCG were not essential to the development of the police and therefore should be reduced or even abolished. It was suggested that future research should investigate the reason for the negative assessment and find a way to relieve the trouble.

범죄통계 개념의 재정립을 위하여

탁종연(Tark Jong Yeon),Park Seong Min 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2014 경찰학연구 Vol.14 No.4

This paper is an attempt to renovate the old concept of “crime occurrence” and “crime apprehension,” which have been used for more than fifty years without any serious investigation in Korea. After reviewing similar concepts used in Japan and the US, we introduced new concepts: “discovery” and “clearance” replacing occurrence and apprehension. We also found the current calculation of the concepts such as apprehension rate are illogical and suggested the new formula should be used in order to communicate the meaning of the concepts as intended.

공식통계를 이용한 지역별 범죄율 비교의 문제점

탁종연(Tark, Jongyeon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2015 경찰학연구 Vol.15 No.4

우리나라에서는 매년 검찰에서 공식범죄통계를 이용해 위험지역을 발표해오고 있고, 많은 언론에서 이를 보도하는 등 지역별 범죄위험 평가는 낯설지 않다. 하지만, 지역의 범죄위험도 평가지표로 사용하는 공식범죄통계를 공정하고 객관적인 지표로 보기 힘들기 때문에 이 같은 비교는 위험한 행태라고 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 공식범죄율을 비교목적으로 사용하기 부적절한 이유로 범죄율의 분모로 사용되는 주민등록상 인구수의 문제와 분자로 이용되는 범죄통계 생성과정에서의 불안정성을 지목하였다. 우선 주민등록상 인구는 주민등록을 두지 않고 실제 거주, 통근 및 통학하거나 방문하는 사람들을 반영하지 못한다는 단점이 있음을 설명하였다. 공식범죄건수는 각 지역별로 범죄사건을 피해자가 인식하고, 신고하고, 수사기관이 입건하고, 기록하는 전 과정에서 생기는 상당한 암수의 편차를 반영할 수 없는 것이다. 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 범죄피해조사결과, 112신고통계, 범죄통계 자료 등을 사용하여 광역시도 혹은 그 이하의 수준에서 신고율과 입건율 등에서 큰 차이가 있음을 제시하였다. Annually the Korean Prosecutor’s Office announces a list of dangerous places based on official crime rates, which is in turn reported by the mass medias. What is unrecognized is that the official crime rates is far from a fair and objective indicator of crime risk of places. Therefore, it is a dangerous practice to compare places based on crime rates. In this paper, it is explained that the major problem lies in both the number of population, the denominator, and crime statistics, the numerator of crime rates. The number of population based on resident registration does not show the numerous people who live, commute, or visit a place without the formal resident registration. Official crime statistics do not reflect the considerable variation of hidden crimes in perceiving, reporting, investigating, and recording phrase of the statistics. Based on the evidence from the Korean Victimization Survey, 112 reporting statistics, and crime statistics, it is shown that reporting rates and investigation rates substantially vary across geographic regions in Korea.

112신고통계 개선방향: 입력항목의 타당성을 중심으로

노성훈 ( Sung Hoon Roh ),탁종연 ( Jong Yeon Tark ) 한국경찰학회 2015 한국경찰학회보 Vol.17 No.5

112신고통계는 범죄현상을 연구하고 치안수요를 측정하기 위한 매우 가치 있는 정보를 담고 있는 자료이다. 범죄통계와 달리 경찰관들의 의사결정 과정을 거치지 않고 기록되기때문에 왜곡의 여지가 적으며 범죄피해조사과정에서 발생하는 진실 되지 않은 답변이나 기억의 오류 등의 문제로부터도 자유롭다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재까지 우리나라에서 112신고통계를 활용범위는 지극히 제한적인 범위에 머물러왔다. 본 연구에서는 112신고통계가 통계자료로서 갖고 있는 문제점을 분석하고 이를 개선하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 112신고통계가 가진 문제점을 파악하기 위해 관찰요원들을 통해 신고출동현장에서 수집된 현장관찰자료 및 경기도 의왕경찰서에 1년간 접수된 112신고통계자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과 112신고통계는 입력항목이 포괄적이지 않고 항목분류에 있어서도 중복된 항목, 복수항목 선택 불가의 문제등 통계자료로서의 타당성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 입력된 통계값이 실제 발생한 사건 및 경찰조치의 내용과 차이가 나는 문제점도 확인되었다. 마지막으로 수집된 통계의 활용이 매우 제한적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제들의 원인은 112신고통계의 통계적 가치에 대한 인식 부족과 통계를 수집하고 관리하는 역량의 한계에서 찾을 수 있다. 개선방안으로 경찰업무와 사회안전의 필요성을 고려한 통계 항목 선정, 112신고통계 입력항목의 적절성 향상, 신고사건처리자 중심의 입력체계, 112신고통계의 적극적 활용 등이 제안되었다. 112 calls for service contain valuable information for studying crime and measuring public’s demand for safety. Unlike official crime statistics, calls for service are less subject to any undue influence from police officers because they do not go through the decision-making process by officers, and are free from problems of dishonest answers and memory loss. Nevertheless, the scope of usage of calls for service has been very limited. The current study attempts to analyze problems of calls for service as statistical data, and to suggest plans to improve them. We analyzed data collected through observations and 1-year-long calls for service of a police station in Gyeonggi-do. The results showed that input items were not comprehensive, and the classification of items was not proper due to duplicate items and the forced singular choice. In addition, the records of calls for service sometimes did not correspond to what really happened and what officers actually did. Finally, calls for service were found to be used for very limited purposes. One of the main reasons can be found from the lack of understanding about the value of calls for service as statistical data and the limited capacity to collect and manage statistics. We proposed, as ways to improve, that input items be selected considering police work and needs for public safety, the classification of input items be appropriate, the entry system be based on the information collected by police officers, and calls for service be more actively used.

자료공개와 법제도적 개선을 통한 범죄통계 활용 활성화 방안

노성훈 ( Sung Hoon Roh ),탁종연 ( Jong Yeon Tark ) 대한범죄학회 2013 한국범죄학 Vol.7 No.2

A paradigm change of opening government data demands a change in policies regarding crime statistics. The Open Government initiative in the US and the UK as well as the Government 3.0 plan in Korea pursue generating vitality and creativity in the private sector and solving a variety of social problems through opening government data on a large scale. Accordingly, the police in the US and the UK have increased the amount of raw data on crime provided to the public coupled with online crime maps. In contrast, the Korean police have maintained a negative policy toward providing raw data on crime. Justifying their policy on crime data, the Korean police rely on legal grounds such as the Freedom of Information Act and the Criminal Procedure Electronic Promoting Act. In addition, more important reasons to restrict opening data include concern for an invasion of privacy, regional stigmatization, reduction of property value, misuse of crime data, and disclosure of data problems. However, most of the reasons suggested by the police lacks validity as reasonable grounds for limiting public access to crime data. Rather providing crime data to the public is more likely to reduce groundless fear of crime, improve public confidence in police, support empowerment of citizens, promote transparency of government, and result in advancement of research. This study suggests several strategic approaches to expand a public access to crime data focusing on three aspects such as crime analysis outcomes, crime mapping, and raw data. In regard to who and how raw data on crime should be provided, we suggested three approaches: positive, negative, neutral one. Initially, raw data on crime need to be provided only to scholars who are qualified through a strict data request process and later they may be open to the general public. Finally, a law should be enacted to clarify the police``s duty to collect crime data by and a special agency exclusively charged for managing and distributing crime data need to be established.