주택가 필지 내 잔여공지와 가로의 관계유형 및 특성에 대한 연구

최이명,박소현 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.7

근린 보행목적시설과 생활동선범위에 대한 실증분석

최이명(Choi Yee-Myung),서한림(Seo Han-Lim),박소현(Park So-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.8

This research draws the characteristics of walking destinations and walking boundaries in and around the Bukchon residential neighborhood in Seoul. It is based on the qualitative analyses of GPS and Travel Log data, generated by the Bukchon housewives in their 30s and 40s. The goals include 1) to understand certain factors that contribute to define the physical boundaries of neighborhood lives, through analyzing the frequency of the house wives’ walking destinations; 2) to identify catalyst places that drove the house wives to walk farther, through analyzing how far they walk to reach certain walking destinations. Observing the ethical codes of the Institutional Review Board (IRB), twenty nine participants were selected, evenly representing the sub-areas in Bukchonl, and their out-door walking data were collected for 24 hours and 7 days. The findings of this reserach point that 1) most frequently-used walking destinations are public transit stations (bus and metro), restaurants (full meals, snacks, coffee shops), small-scale market, elementary school and nersury schools, parks, and banks. The daily necessities were mostly purchased in small-scale markets in Bukchon, while those were purchased in a whole-sale, large marts in newly developed towns. As the participants were in their 30s and 40s, schools still remain as significant walking destinations and activity centers. Contrary to conventional design assumptions, however, restaurants, snack bars, and coffee shops were more visited than dry cleanings, hair shops, and public bath rooms were visited. Compared to the results of the existing researches, conducted in the North American neighborhoods, house wives in Bukchon neighborhood walk farther in daily lives, especially when their walking destinations are restaurants and coffee shops. Instead of relying on residents’ surveys, this research actually collected empirical walking data from GPS, along with Travel Logs, which provided stronger research foundations for further empirical studies, which serves as contributions of this research. Increasing the data samples and applying the quantitative methods, this research is to be improved in future follow-up studies.

역사주거지구의 소규모 생활권단위 추정방법에 관한 기초연구

박소현,최이명,서한림 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.9

It is a desirable trend that the conservation of historic residential districts is recently pursued as an issue of making livable neighborhoods. In order to provide a neighborhood planning basis for a historic residential district, this paper seeks a practical method that draws compact neighborhood units where minimum facilities are maintained. Through the literature reviews, field observations, site analyses, as well as GIS and SPSS Cluster Analysis of immediate neighborhood facilities and street accessibilities, this paper preliminarily constructs a synthesized method of extracting minimum neighborhood units within a historic residential district. Applying the synthesized method to the case of the Bukchon community in city center Seoul, this paper identifies thirteen minimum neighborhood units within the Bukchon district, each of which is equivalent to approximately a 110-meter radius area. The thirteen minimum neighborhood units, to be modified by the social and perceptual factors of neighborhood planning in the next research phases, would serve as a useful reference for future revitalization of the historic residential district.

Design elements to improve pleasantness, vitality, safety, and complexity of the pedestrian environment: evidence from a Korean neighbourhood walkability case study

박소현,김준형,최이명,서한림 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2013 도시과학국제저널 Vol.17 No.1

The relationship between walking and the built environment has attracted the attention of many researchers. It is commonly recognized that a more walkable environment enhances walking activities. Although numerous empirical studies have supported that certain design elements have statistically significant effects on walking, many have methodological limitations due to the assumption that the relationship between walking and the built environment is a one-to-one, direct correspondence. To supplement these limitations, this paper embraces a ‘perception’ step in the decision-making process of walking, where perception is not determined by one design element, but by the integration of several elements. Acknowledging four perceptional factors, this paper draws certain design elements of ‘pleasantness’, ‘vitality’, ‘unsafety’, and ‘complexity’ in residential neighbourhoods. Residents in four neighbourhoods completed a questionnaire,from which the following five additional design factors were extracted using factor analysis:sidewalk difficulty, crosswalk difficulty, well-ordered street furniture, poor building design and management, and various walking destinations. The regression analysis indicated that the design factors had statistically significant effects on the four perception factors, which substantiated this paper’s hypothesis that walking activities are generated by the combination of several environmental elements, rather than a single attribute. The key study finding is that appropriate design factors are necessary to enhance a certain perception factor: designing and managing street furniture and street buildings induce a high level of pleasantness and vitality. The feeling of unsafety and complexity is mainly driven from the sidewalk and crosswalk difficulty. We expect that the results of this paper will contribute to formulating future guidelines in planning for more walkable neighbourhoods.

주거지 가로환경의 보행 및 자전거 이용 경로 특성

서한림(Seo, Han-Lim),최이명(Choi, Yee-Myung),박소현(Park, So-Hyun) 한국도시설계학회 2015 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.16 No.2

보행이나 자전거 타기와 같은 근린 내 통행은 목적지로의 이동 외에도 여가활동이나 커뮤니티 형성의 매개가 되는 등 복합적인 순 기능을 갖는다. 근린 내 통행이 장려되는 도시를 설계하기 위해서는 기존 주거지 통행행태에 대한 이해와 연구가 선행될 필요가 있는데, 국내에서의 이에 대한 노력은 상대적으로 아직 미비한 상황이다. 본 연구는 상이한 환경을 가진 두 주거지의 주민통행행태의 실증자료를 수집, 분석하여, 근린 통행행태의 기초적인 특성과 그 의미를 이해하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 환경요소를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 서울의 단독, 다세대 밀집 지역인 성산1동, 아파트 밀집 지역인 상계6. 7동 주민들의 일주일 간 보행 및 자전거 통행행태를 GPS로 수집하여, 이용 통행가로의 종류와 총 누적길이, 분포양상을 가로 단위에서 분석하였다. 분석결과, 주거지 내 통행유형의 다양한 분포 및 경로를 가능하게 하는 환경 요소는 다양한 필지 규모와 용도변화가 용이한 건물, 가로에 면한 건물배치, 분산 배치된 주거 이외의 용도, 폭 20m 이내의 가로 등 임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 주민들의 실증 통행 자료를 바탕으로 그 특성과 의미를 도출하여, 통행이 장려되는 도시설계 방향을 제시하였다는 점에 의의를 갖는다. Walking and biking are one of the most basic activities in a local community. Neighborhood walking and biking are not just purposeful actions for reaching intended destinations but also complex activities including seeing street-scapes, meeting people, and relaximg. The research data is drawn from a week’s walking and cycling activities of 49 housewives living in Seongsan, a detached and multi-family housing area, and Sanggye, an apartment housing area. Authors analyzed this activity data in street units and identified the embedded characteristics and meanings of the activities, in order to provide references for generating a physical environment conducive for walking and biking. The results suggest that the effective environmental elements were diverse lot size, buildings with flexible uses, the arrangement of buildings along the street line, distributed commercial uses, and street widths narrower than 20m. This research is meaningful for utilizing empirical travel data of residents to analyze their specific characteristics and the meanings connected with street environments in different neighborhoods.

주거지 물리적 보행환경의 특성차이에 관한 연구

박소현(Park So-Hyun),최이명(Choi Yee-Myung),서한림(Seo Han-Lim) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

This paper explores characteristic differences of pedestrian environments in six urban residential neighborhoods, Seoul, Korea. The cases range from the residential neighborhood of single detached old houses to that of recently redeveloped high-rise apartments, which represent different types of residential neighborhood forms in Seoul. The selected cases are Gahoe-dong, Sanggye7-dong, Shiheung3-dong, Hangdang2-dong, Gaepo3-dong, and Sungsan1-dong. The goal of this paper is to test whether the walkability indicators, proposed in the previous paper, operate well in demonstrating the differences of each neighborhood's walking conditions. The research methods include literature reviews of existing studies, GIS analyses, and site observations on walking and neighborhood forms. The research findings point that the proposed walkability indicators positively work in revealing each case's different walking environment. According to the findings, among the six case neighborhoods, Sanggye7-dong provides most walkable neighborhood characteristics, while Hangdang2-dong does least. The contribution of this research is that it tested the walkbility indicators representing the environmental characteristics of physical walking conditions in residential neighborhoods of Korea for the first time. Modified by further studies, those indicators would be useful in evaluating and then designing more walkable residential neighborhoods in Korea.

근린에서 이루어지는 주민 보행량 및 경로에 관한 실증연구

서한림(Seo Han-Lim),최이명(Choi Yee-Myung),박소현(Park So-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.9

Recently, with increasing needs for a healthier life, there are growing interests in planning for more walkable neighborhoods, which eventually would help residents walk more in their daily lives. Previous researches explored the relationships between walking and built environments and provided meaningful results, yet most of them used to collect the walking data from the indirect sources, such as residents’ surveys. While those data are valid, it would bring more merits if researchers could collect more empirical data, directly reflecting residents’ actual walking behavior and their walking paths. By using GPS, this study improves on the previous researches’ data collecting methods of residents’ surveys. Obtaining the agreements from the subjects, which are the housewives in thirties and forties living in Bukchon, Seoul, this study collected the empirical data of the subjects’ actual walking behaviors in and around the neighborhood. The research findings show that; 1) average daily walking distance is about 3.2㎞, which would take about 45 minutes on foot; 2) variables which affect the average walking distance are the environmental elements, such as relatively big-sized parks and commercial districts in and near the neighborhood; 3) as for the walking paths, most used streets are identified for daily walking in Bukchon, which imply many elements increasing walking on the streets, such as street network system, location, connectivity with destinations and other busy streets, and aesthetic characteristics of streets. The contribution of this study include that by utilizing GPS tools, it built up an empirical data set about actual walking behaviors of the residents in Bukchon and it articulated the built environmental characteristics in relation with the walking behaviors. Further researches are currently under preparations to connect the findings of this study to the ultimate goal of drawing practical design implications for more walkable neighborhoods in Seoul.

도시 주거지의 물리적 보행환경요소 지표화에 관한 연구

박소현(Park So-Hyun),최이명(Choi Yee-Myung),서한림(Seo Han-Lim) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.1

Walking is an easy, convenient, and no-cost physical activity as well as an environment-friendly transportation mode for every generation. It is widely known that walking positively contributes not only to prevent and even cure certain adult diseases but also to improve the environmental qualities of our cities. With these and other various reasons, planning and designing for more walkable neighborhoods have become one of the most urgent urban design goals these days, yet researches have not been conducted enough to articulate physical aspects of walking and walking conditions in residential areas. This paper seeks to objectively measure the environmental elements that have impacts on actual walking in residential neighborhoods. The goal is to suggest a relatively complete set of walkability indicators for residential neighborhoods of Korea. As for the research methods, a comprehensive literature review of existing studies, GIS analyses, and site observations on walking and neighborhood forms were applied. Based on the research findings, the paper proposes a classified walkability indicators of twenty environmental elements for Korean residential communities. The results of this paper would serve as meaningful references to planning and designing for more walkable residential neighborhoods, which would eventually help residents walk more and thus live healthier lives.

주거지 보행환경 인지가 생활권 보행만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박소현(Park So-Hyun),최이명(Choi Yee-Myung),서한림(Seo Han-Lim),김준형(Kim Jun-Hyung) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.8

While many previous studies investigated how individual elements of neighborhood forms, such as density, mixed use, street connectivities, impacted the physical activities including walking, their implication for designing walkable neighborhoods deemed minimal, if not unapplicable. Their results tended to reveal that the direct correlations between the neighborhood environment and the walking behavior are "small but statistically significant." This study takes a different research approach to the issue by considering the process of perception and satisfaction about the overall pedestrian environment, which would eventually impact the residents' decision to walk. The goal of this study is to provide research evidences of how pedestrian environment of the neighborhood is perceived comprehensively as meaningful perception factors and how those perception factors influence the overall satisfaction of neighborhood walkability. The research methods include surveys and statistical analyses. The survey was conducted in four representative residential neighborhoods of different walking environments, such as Gahoe, Sungsan, Sanggye, Hangdang, in which total 713 effective answer sheets were gathered. For the statistical analyses, the factor analysis and the ordered logit model were applied. As results, four perception factors were drawn from the nineteen measure variables, such as 'pleasantness' 'safety' 'vitality' and 'complexity' that are significant to the satisfaction of neighborhood walkability. The order of four factors, according to the analysis, runs from the most pleasantness, safety, complexity, and the least vitality, along with interpretation and implications for four residential neighborhoods' pedestrian environment. This study contributes to the advancement of research methods, in which the mechanism of residents' walking satisfaction in relation to their perception of neighborhood pedestrian environment is articulated in a more practical and persuasive way than the previous studies did. The further studies, based on the findings of this study, would elaborate the measure variables grouped under the each perception factor, so that they could be translated into design languages to plan for more walkable neighborhoods.

근린의 아동 놀이환경과 놀이행태 연구설계의 특성

박소현(Park, So-Hyun),유다은(Yoo, Da-Un),최이명(Choi, Yee-Myung),강현미(Kang, Hyun-Mi),김현주(Kim, Hyun-Ju) 대한건축학회 2015 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.31 No.12

The purpose of this study is to review recent causality studies on relationship between children’s play environment and play behavior in residential neighborhoods. Seven key precedent studies in the past ten years have been analyzed to understand their research design structures and procedures: research objectives, research subjects & scope, and research methods. The research findings are as follows. First, complement of research design is required that both qualitative and quantitative methods are connected for examining definitive relationship between children’s play environment and play behavior. Second, showing characteristics of children"s play behavior, researches for children’s play environment are differentiated itself from existing walkability studies of residential neighborhoods. In addition, This study highlights critical issues and methodological commonalities shared among researchers in disciplines of public health, transportation, urban planing, etc. The results of this study provides preliminary foundations and guidelines for future researches of the physical environment concerning children"s outdoor play.