중첩증후군:만성 폐쇄성 폐질환을 가 진 폐쇄성 수면무호흡-저호흡 증후군

최영미,Choi, Young-Mi 대한수면의학회 2008 수면·정신생리 Vol.15 No.2

Overlap syndrome can be defined as a coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The association of COPD and SAHS has been suspected because of the frequency of both diseases. Prevalence of COPD and SAHS is respectively 10 and 5% of the adult population over 40 years of age. However, a recent study has shown that the prevalence of SAHS is not higher in COPD than in the general population. The coexistence of the two diseases is only due to chance. SAHS does not affect the pathophysiology of COPD and vice versa. Prevalence of overlap syndrome is expected to occur in about 0.5% of the adult population over 40 years of age. Patients with overlap syndrome have a more profound hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and pulmonary hypertension when compared with patients with SAHS alone or usual COPD patients without SAHS. To treat the overlap syndrome, nocturnal noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) can be applied with or without nocturnal oxygen supplement.

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡 증후군과 상기도 저항 증후군의 진단적 및 임상적 차이

최영미,Choi, Young-Mi 대한수면의학회 2011 수면·정신생리 Vol.18 No.2

It has been controversial whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a distinct syndrome or not since it was reported in 1993. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classified UARS under obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 2005. UARS can be diagnosed when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is fewer than 5 events per hour, the simultaneously calculated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is more than 5 events per hour due to abnormal non-apneic non-hypopneic respiratory events accompanying respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs), and oxygen saturation is greater than 92% at termination of an abnormal breathing event. Although esophageal pressure measurement remains the gold standard for detecting subtle breathing abnormality other than hypopnea and apnea, nasal pressure transducer has been most commonly used. RERAs include phase A2 of cyclical alternating patterns (CAPs) associated with EEG changes. Symptoms of OSAS can overlap with UARS, but chronic insomnia tends to be more common in UARS than in OSAS and clinical symptoms similar with functional somatic syndrome are also more common in UARS. In this journal, diagnostic and clinical differences between UARS and OSAS are reviewed.

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡 증후군과 폐동맥 고혈압에서 엔도텔린-1의 역할

최영미,Choi, Young-Mi 대한수면의학회 2010 수면·정신생리 Vol.17 No.2

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and increased mortality. However, it was controversial whether obstructive sleep apnea syndrome could cause pulmonary hypertension. The controversy was resolved by several studies that have shown pulmonary hypertension in 20% to 40% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without underlying other cardiopulmonary diseases and reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after treatment with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure. Recent studies provide strong evidence for endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Endothelin-1 is a 21 amino acid peptide with diverse biologic activity such as highly potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen regulator that may play a key role in obstructive sleep ap-nea syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is moderately effective in reducing pulmonary arterial pressure. Further researches are needed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacologic therapy with agents that inhibit the action of endothelin-1 in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with pulmonary hypertension.

BCG 접종후 발생한 결핵성 농양 및 골수염 1례

최영미,강현호,조병수,차성호,임성직,이주희,Choi, Young Mi,Kang, Hyeon Ho,Cho, Byung Soo,Cha, Sung Ho,Lim, Sung Jic,Lee, Ju-Hee 대한소아감염학회 1998 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.5 No.1

BCG osteomyelitis is rare comlication and the incidence rate has been estimated to be 1/milion vaccinated neonate and infants. BCG osteomyelitis is also reported as a complication of intravesical BCG treatment for bladder carcinoma. We had experienced a 14 months old infant who presented swelling, tenderness and redness on left upper arm suspicious due to BCG vaccination. The MRI finding showed $2{\times}4{\times}4cm$ subcutaneous abscess with cortical defect on proximal humerus and axillary lymph adenopathy. The histologic finding showed diffuse caseous necrosis and Langhans type giant cell. We report A case of BCG osteomyelitis.

이주배경청년의 시민적 위계화와 사회적 주변화: 국적과 출생지, 젠더에 따른 차이를 중심으로

송영호 ( Song Young-ho ),최영미 ( Choi Young-mi ) 고려대학교 한국사회연구소 2021 한국사회 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 한국에 거주하는 이주배경청년의 시민적 위계화가 사회적 주변화에 미치는 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 SSK이주배경청년사업단의 「2021년 이주배경청년 실태조사」 자료를 사용하였다. 본 자료는 학령기 이후 사회진출이 본격적으로 시작되는 만 25~34세의 이주배경청년 300명(국내출생 204명, 중도입국 96명)을 대상으로 비확률적 표집방식인 유목적표집방법(purposive sampling)으로 표본을 추출하였다. 비모수 추정 방법을 통해 도출한 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 응답자가 한국 사회에서 계층이동이 제한되고 배제되고 있다고 느끼는 사회적 주변화 인식은 예상과 달리 부정적인 편은 아니었다. 오히려 한국 일반 청년보다 낮은 수준이었다. 하지만 시민적 계층화 유형에 따른 사회적 주변화의 수준은 외국출생자 중에서 한국 국적을 취득한 집단의 부정적 인식이 두드러졌다. 이는 한국으로 유입된 이주배경청년이 한국사회에서 이동성과 유연성, 자신의 이익을 극대화하기 위해 한국국적을 취득하였지만, 오히려 주류사회와의 경쟁 과정에서 경험하는 차별과 낙인으로 기회 공정성, 불평등 인식이 부정적 방향으로 증대한 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 다음으로 인구사회학적 특성을 통제한 상태에서 비모수적 회귀분석 결과 시민적 위계화의 위세가 낮은 집단일수록 사회적 주변화 인식이 부적(-) 방향으로 증가하였다. 즉 한국 사회에서 차등적인 시민권 부여로 객관적인 위세가 낮은 집단일수록 사회적 배제와 소외를 더욱더 느끼고, 상향 이동이 그만큼 폐쇄되었다고 인식하였다. 특히 한국국적 취득 이후 시민적 위계화의 편입 과정에서 오히려 불안감을 가장 크게 느끼고 있는 중도입국청년의 안정적인 사회진출을 위해 더욱 섬세한 정책적 고려가 필요하다. This study aims to examine the effect of civil hierarchy on the social marginalization of young adults with a migrant background. For this purpose, the Social Sciences Korea (SSK) Young Adults of Migrant Background Project Group's "2021 Survey of Young Adults of Migrant Background" was used along with a non-parametric estimation method. The major results of the analysis are as follows: First, respondents' attitudes towards social marginalization was not particularly negative, contrary to expectations, and in fact, was less negative than those of average Korean young adults. However, the pattern of social marginalization based on civil hierarchy showed a marked difference, notably that naturalized foreign-born residents (with Korean citizenship) held a distinctly negative attitude. The assumption is that these young adults of migrant background had naturalized in an effort to gain social mobility, flexibility, and a general ability to pursue their own interests; however, in the process of competing with the mainstream, the discrimination and stigmatization that they experienced may have left them with a largely negative view in the areas of equal opportunity and awareness of inequality. Lastly, the results of the non-parametric regression analysis, which controlled for demographic characteristics, showed that the lower the level in the civil hierarchy, the higher the awareness of social marginalization. In other words, those of an objectively lower social status (due to Korean society's differential treatment of residents) had a higher level of subjective awareness around social exclusion, alienation, and the reality that upward social mobility was largely closed off. Based on the results of this analysis, we argue that a more active inclusion policy―one based on "residency" rather than "nationality"―is needed to overcome current limitations in the segmented policy around "young adults with a migrant background."

국어 `가·다`류 동사의 성조 변화

최영미 ( Choi Young-mi ) 한말연구학회 2017 한말연구 Vol.- No.43

This paper has two aims. The one is to delineate tonal alternations of Ka·da-type verb in Korean, and the other is to elucidate the change of tonal alternations based on the corresponding relationship in five korean tonal dialect; Middle Korean, Changwon dialect, Jeongseon dialect, Pyeongchang dialect, and Bukcheong dialect. This paper can be summarized as follows. Tonal alternations of Ka·da-type verb in Korean is irregular. There are two types; H_M-1 type and H_M-1 type. The verbs `Ka·da, Na·da, Ja·da, O·da, Ji·da` belong to H_M-1 type and The verbs `Ju·da, Nu·da, du·da, ha·da` is a member of H_M-2 type. Tonal alternations of Ka·da-type verb in Middle Korean is irregular; When the verb stem is combined with the ending of verb, It`s tone is realized as plain tone, departing tone, or rising tone. and has an irregular paradigm. Later, however, tonal alternations of Ka·da-type verb has changed in Changwon dialect, Jeongseon dialect, Pyeongchang dialect and Bukcheong dialect; Tonal alternations of H_M-1 type are still irregular. but tonal alternations of H_M-2 type is changing regularly and have a single paradigm. Especially in Pyeongchang dialect, tonal alternations of H_M-2 type is completely regular. These changes are subject to change processes such as instability of the departing tone in the tonal system, analogical leveling, and analogical expansion.

영월 방언의 거성형과 성조 변화

최영미(Choi Young-mi) 한글학회 2020 한글 Vol.- No.327

이 연구는 영월 방언 체언의 성조를 분석하고 약 30년이라는 시간차를 두고 거성형의 성조 실형을 비교하여 영월 방언 성조 변화를 설명하고자 했다. 그 결과, 영월 방언의 성조체계는 두 가지 성조 변화가 진행중임을 확인할 수 있었다. 하나는 성조체계 내에 영향을 주지 않는 단순한 음성 변화이고 다른 하나는 성조형 분포의 변화로 말미암아 성조체계 내에 재구조화가 일어나는 변화이다. 먼저, 단순한 음성 변화는 평복형과 상성형의 음조 변화이다. 최명옥(1999)의 자료에서는 평복형과 상성형의 음조는 어절의 둘째음절과 셋째음절에 어절에서 가장 높은 고조 [H]가 실현되었다. 그러나 30년 후인 현재 자료에서는 평복형과 상성형의 음조는 어절 끝에서 둘째음절에 어절에서 가장 높은 고조 [H]가 실현되었다. 다음, 영월 방언 성조체계 내에 재구조화를 촉발하는 성조형 분포의 변화이다. 30년 전 자료에서는 거성형이 분포의 제약 없이 안정적인 성조 실현을 보인다. 하지만, 현재 필자의 자료에서는 거성형이 매우 불안정한 성조 실현을 보인다. 즉, 영월 방언 거성형은 3음절 이상 어절에서 평2형(□□, □□ · □)에 합류해서 거성형이 존재하지 않고, ‘·말(斗)/M/[Mˉ ]’과 같이 1음절 단독형과 ‘·춤·이/M²/[HH]’처럼 2음절 어절에서도 첫소리가 강자음으로 시작하는 단어에서만 실현된다. 결국, 성조형 분포의 변화로 인해서 2음절 어절에서 거성형은 A유형(·춤·이/M²/[HH]), B유형(·풀·이/M²/[HH]~풀이/H²/[MH]), C유형(물이/H²/[MH]) 등이 공존한다. This study described the tone of substantive words and the tone changes of the departing pitch pattern in the Yeongwol dialect. In this study, two states of pitch patterns in the same region were studied over a more than 30-year interval. The results of this study indicate that the tonal system of the Yeongwol dialect has undergone two tone changes. One is a phonetic change that does not impact the tonal system. The other is a phonological change that is still in progress that is caused by the change in the distribution of X. These changes can be summarized as follows. First, the phonetic changes are the results of the pitch changes in the plain and rising pitch patterns. Thirty years ago, the highest peak was placed on the second syllable in a word, but now the highest pitch appears on the second-to-last syllable in a word. Second, the distribution of the departing pitch pattern that triggers the reconstruction in the tonal system of the Yeongwol dialect has changed. Thirty years ago, the departing pitch pattern was stable, but it has since become significantly unstable in the tonal system of the Yeongwol dialect. There are two main reasons why the tone of the departing pitch pattern has undergone some noticeable changes. One is that, in words of more than three syllables, the departing pitch pattern merges into the plain pitch pattern, resulting in no departing pitch pattern in the Yeongwol dialect tone patterns. The other is that the departing pitch patterns are realized in a limited way, even in the context of two-syllable words. There are three types of departing pitch patterns. Type A is realized as [HH], I would write this in A, B, C order depending on the speaker. Only type A is realized in words whose initial sounds start with strong consonants like /k<SUP>h</SUP>,t<SUP>h</SUP>,p<SUP>h</SUP>,tʃ<SUP>h</SUP>/. Therefore, it is likely that departing pitch patterns will gradually disappear from the tonal system, mainly due to their instability.

정선방언 “가·다”류 동사의 성조형의 변화

최영미 ( Young Mi Choi ) 한말연구학회 2010 한말연구 Vol.- No.27

The purpose of this paper has two aims. The one is to investigate tonal alternations of verb `Ra·da` -types, and the other is to elucidate the change of tonal alternations and tonal rule system, based on the corresponding relationship in three korean tonal dialect, Middle Korean, Changwon dialect, Jeongseon dialect. This papar can be summarized as follows. First, tonal alternations of verb `Ra·da`-types have irregular tonal pattern in Middle Korean. When verb stem `Ra-` combines with I -types ending, the tone of verb stem `Ra-` is to be realized plain tone, but when verb stem `Ra-` combines with (2) -types ending, the tone of verb stem `Ra-` is to be realized departing tone. Also, When verb stem `Ra-` combines with prefinal ending `-o/uX` and final ending `-n/eun/neun`, the tone of verb stem `Ra-` is to be realized in plain, departing, and rising one. Second, tonal alternations of verb `Ra·da` -types, in the aspects of the corresponding relationship in three korean tonal dialects, have irregularity in Middle Korean and Changwon dialect. As it has changed gradually, however, it can be regularized in Jeongseon dialect. Third, the system of tonal rule in Jeongseon dialect differs from Middle Korean and Changwon dialect. Neutralization rules apply only to tonal alternations of verb `Ra·da`-types in Middle Korean and Changwon dialect. But three tonal rules, neutralization rules, plain-2 pattern realization rule of departing tone and free change rule of pyeongbok pattern, apply to tonal alternations of verb ;Ra·da` -types in Jeongseon dialect.

미등록 이주노동자 생활세계에 관한 탐색적 연구 - 화성시 미등록 이주노동자를 중심으로 -

최영미(Young Mi Choi) 대구대학교 다문화사회정책연구소 2023 현대사회와 다문화 Vol.13 No.1

정선방언 운율유형에 관한 연구

최영미(Young-mi, Choi) 어문연구학회 2012 어문연구 Vol.73 No.-

The aim of this research is to describe the suprasegmental type in Jeongseon dialect. To this end, compared with those in Samcheok dialect Tonal patterns in Jeongseon dialect were. In conclusion, Jeongseon dialect is a tone language and the tonal system in Jeongseon dialect is more unstable than that in Samcheok dialect. There is some ground for this argument. First, these are interpreted to be the tone languages in Jeongseon and Samcheok dialects. The base of the judgment is as follows a. The tone systems consist of three tonemes and have a range of two levels. b. The departing tonal pattern is only in a word with one syllable. c. The pitch of departing tonal pattern was equated with rising tonal pattern in a word with one syllable. d. The departing tonal pattern has been changed to plain tonal pattern in a word with two syllables. Second, the tonal system in Jeongseon dialect is more unstable than that in Samcheok dialect. There is some ground for this argument. a. The realization of the tone in Jeongseon dialect is optional but that in Samcheok dialect is steady. In other words, the Pyeongbok patterns in Jeongseon dialect have two or more side-dot pattern, tonemic pattern and pitch pattern. Meanwhile, the Pyeongbok patterns in Samcheok dialect have one olny side-dot pattern, tonemic pattern and pitch pattern. b. The Pyeongbok patterns in Jeongseon dialect are not distinctively confronted with its side-dot pattern, tonemic pattern and pitch pattern, but the Pyeongbok patterns in Samcheok dialect are distinguished from each others. c. There is partly adequacy in part to the satisfactory of bi-uniqueness between Jeongseon dialect and Samcheok dialect. It is adequate to the satisfactory of bi-uniqueness with the plain tone, departing tone, and rising tone in a word with one syllables. Also it is adequate to the satisfactory of bi-uniqueness in plain-single pattern and rising pattern. But the pyeongbok patterns are not adequate to the satisfactory of bi-uniqueness. 이 연구의 목적은 정선방언과 삼척방언의 성조실현을 비교하여 정선방언의 성조체계가 갖는 불안 정성을 살피고 정선방언의 운율유형을 설명하는 것이다. 그 결과, 정선방언은 성조방언이고, 정선방언의 성조실현은 삼척방언의 성조실현보다 더 불안정한 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과의 논의는 아래와 같은 정선방언과 삼척방언의 성조실현을 근거로 하여 추론할 수 있다. 먼저, 정선방언과 삼척방언은 유형론적으로 성조언어라고 판단할 수 있다. 이러한 추론의 근거는 아래와 같다. 가. 정선방언과 삼척방언의 성조체계는 2단 3성조로 구성되었다. 나. 정선방언과 삼척방언에서 거성형은 1음절에서만 존재하고, 2음절 이상의 어절에서 거성형은평2형으로 변동한다. 다. 단음절 거성형의 음조[M]는 고립된 환경에서 상성형의 음조[˘M, H¨ ]로 실현된다. 이러한사실은 정선방언과 삼척방언의 단음절 성조실현에서 거성이 측성으로서의 성격을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 성조체계 측면에서 정선방언과 삼척방언은 1음절 거성이 측성을 성격을 잃게되면 음장방언으로 변화할 것임을 예측할 수 있었다. 다음으로, 정선방언의 성조체계가 삼척방언의 그것보다 더 불안정한 상태이다. 이러한 추론의 근거는 아래와 같다. 가. 정선방언 성조규칙 체계에는 평복형의 자유변동 규칙이 있지만, 삼척방언의 성조규칙 체계는 이 규칙이 없다. 나. 정선방언의 평복형은 변이성조실현을 갖지만, 삼척방언의 평측형은 고정적으로 실현되어변이 성조실현을 가지지 않는다. 다. 단음절의성조실현은 양방향동일성 조건을 충족한다. 그러나 두 방언에서 다음절의 성조실현은 양방향 동일성 조건을 충족 여부가 다르다. 즉, 평측형 중 평1형과 상성형이 양방향 단일성 조건을 충족하는 것은 동질적이지만, 평측형 중 평복형과 거성형이 양방향 단일성 조건을 충족 시키지 못하여 이질적이다. 라.‘가•다’류 풀이씨 어간과 가변적 평측형 풀이씨 어간‘흐르-, 모르-’는양방향 단일성 조건을충족하여 동질적인 면과 충족시키지 못하여 이질적인 면을 모두 가지고 있다.