http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Reverse Engineering for Xilinx FPGA Chips using ISE Design Tools
최소연,박지운,유호영 한국과학기술원 반도체설계교육센터 2020 IDEC Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems Vol.6 No.1
SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are more widely used compared to Flash-based and anti-fuse based FPGAs in various industries. One disadvantage of the SRAM-based FPGA is that SRAM is natively volatile and thus it requires additional nonvolatile memory to store the netlist information of the circuit outside the FPGA. When the FPGA is powered on, the bitstream file is transferred from the external nonvolatile memory to the SRAM-based FPGA. The secure issues arise if the bitstream is modified or corrupted by attacker resulting in a fatal problem in the circuit. Therefore, reverse engineering that converting a bitstream into an internal netlist is necessary to find such harmful modification. In this paper, we describe the overall process of reverse engineering based on ISE design tools in details. According to the experimental results, the proposed reverse engineering tool can recover 88% internal circuit as for the example of 64-bit LFSR design.
Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
최소연,김지혜,김경빈,김미성,최혜정,김영민,서재희,서민정,차희정 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.4
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), is one of the specific type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma not infrequently found worldwide. It typically involves mucosal sites such as stomach and conjunctiva; however, primary hepatic MALT lymphoma has been extremely rarely reported. We describe a case of hepatic MALT lymphoma in a 70-year-old male patient who underwent left hepatectomy due to the incidentally detected liver masses at a medical checkup. The resected specimen revealed multinodular masses consisting of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphoid cells with serpentine pattern and focal lymphoepithelial lesions. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD20 and Bcl-2 but negative for CD3, CD10, CD5, CD23, CD43, and cyclinD1. The Ki-67 labeling index was 10% and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study confirmed monoclonal proliferation. In this paper, we discuss several unique clinicopathologic characteristics which will be helpful to the differential diagnosis of hepatic MALT lymphoma.
급성 심근경색에서 좌심실의 기능회복 예측인자로서의 TIMI 심근관류와 관동맥 혈류예비력의 비교
최소연,최태영,장혁재,황교승,신준한,최병일,탁승제,윤명호,신승수,양형모,임홍석,조일현 대한심장학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3
Background and Objectives:The TIMI myocardial perfusion (TMP) grade is known as one of the methods to assess the viability of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease. This study was designed to assess the value of TMP grade itself and to evaluate the correlation with coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the prediction of left ventricular remodeling and functional change after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Subjects and Methods:We measured CFR and TMP grade after successful elective PCI (diameter stenosis <30%, and TIMI flow 3) in 83 patients (mean age 55±1 years, 18 females) with AMI within 7 days of symptom onset. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI), ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular regional wall motion score index (LVRWMSI) were assessed by echocardiography just before and at 9 months after angioplasty (mean 9±5 months). Results:Although they had achieved (TIMI 0.021) TIMI 3 flow after successful intervention, 27 of 83 patients (32.5%) had impaired myocardial perfusion. After PCI, angiographic TMP grade was well correlated with CFR measured using Doppler wire (TMP 0/1;1.4±0.3, TMP 2;1.9±0.6, TMP 3;2.2±0.4, rs=0.618, p=0.000). Post-PCI TMP grade was significantly related to the change of LVEDVI (r=0.452, p=0.000), LVESVI (r=0.435, p=0.000), LVEF (r=0.281, p=0.010) and LVRWMSI (r=0.328, p=0.036). Conclusion:The TMP grade, a simple angiographic method, might be useful as a predictor of LV volume and functional change in AMI. In the cardiac catheterization laboratory, it could simply replace CFR for the assessment of myocardial viability in patients who receive an elective PCI within 7 days of AMI onset. (Korean Circulation J 2004;34(3):247-257) 배경 및 목적: TIMI 심근관류는 관동맥 조영술시 특별한 기구의 사용없이 조영술만으로 심근관류를 평가할 수 있고 시술 전 후 즉각적인 평가가 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 급성 심근경색으로 내원하여 대기적 관동맥 중재술을 시행받은 환자를 대상으로 성공적인 스텐트삽입술 후에 TIMI 3 flow를 획득한 환자에서 TIMI 심근관류를 평가하여 관동맥 내 도플러 유도철선을 이용하여 측정한 관동맥 혈류예비력과의 관계를 알아보고, 장기 추적 관찰시 심초음파검사를 통해 좌심실의 형태와 기능의 변화를 측정하여 초기 TIMI 심근관류 정도에 따른 좌심실 기능회복 여부를 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 급성 심근경색으로 본원에 내원하여 대기적 관동맥 중재술을 시행하여 성공적인 스텐트삽입술을 받은 환자 83명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자는 관동맥 조영술상의 TIMI 심근관류 정도를 분석하여 심근관류 정도에 따라 심근관류 0/1인 군, 심근관류 2군, 심군관류 3군으로 나누었다. 중재술 후 관동맥 혈류예비력을 측정하였으며 내원시와 시술 9개월 후에 추적 심초음파검사를 시행하였고, 각 군에서 내원 당시의 심초음파 소견과 추적시의 심초음파 소견을 비교하여 좌심실 확장기말용적 지수, 수축기말용적 지수, 구출율 및 국소적 벽운동장애 지수의 변화를 평가하였다. 결 과: 급성 심근경색환자에서 평균 6±3일에 성공적 스텐트삽입술 후 측정한 TIMI 심근관류는 경색관련 동맥이 분포하는 심근의 관류정도를 반영하는데 있어 관동맥내 도플러 유도철선을 이용한 관동맥 혈류예비력과 유의한 상관관계를 보이며 심초음파로 측정한 좌심실의 기능 및 재형성에 대한 9개월 추적 평가에서 TIMI 심근관류 정도가 좋은 경우 좌심실 구출율의 호전 및 재형성의 억제와 유의한 관련을 보였다. 결 론: 급성 심근경색환자에서 평균 6±3일에 성공적 관동맥 스텐트삽입술 후 측정한 TIMI 심근관류는 심도자실에서 심근관류를 평가하고 좌심실 기능의 호전을 예측하기 위해 특별한 기구의 사용없이 간단하고 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 지표이다.
COVID-19 상황에서 사회복지사의 직급별 업무수행 경험에 관한 연구: 서울지역 사회복지관 종사자를 중심으로
최소연 한국사회복지질적연구학회 2022 한국사회복지질적연구 Vol.16 No.3
This study identified the role experiences of social workers by position (top manager, middle manager, front-line manager, social worker) during the initial and prolonged stages of COVID-19. In-depth focus group interviews were conducted with a total of sixteen social workers. As the result of the study, all positions experienced initial confusion in the process of converting face-to-face services to non-face-to-face, but directors and middle managers experienced more confusion in terms of organizational management and environmental adaptation, and front-line managers and social workers experienced more confusion in terms of service delivery. During the prolonged stages of COVID-19, director's “authority as chief executive” was highlighted, and front-line social workers had positive experiences of “completing challenging tasks,” but middle managers felt helpless and exhausted by providing “supervision in an uncertain environment” as “discharged supervisors.”In addition, the expansion of non-face-to-face services paradoxically highlighted the importance of face-to-face services. Based on social workers' non-face-to-face work experiences and research results, this study suggested future direction for post-COVID-19 and supplementary measures related to the effective performance of social workers in social welfare centers.