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崔炳奎 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-
本稿는 日本語動詞의 <完了(perfect)>의 意味用法에 대하여 고찰한 것이다. 完了의 下位分類는 從來의 方法을 의거해 <狀態性完了>와 <動作性完了>로 나누었으며 각각을 形態別로 나누어서 分析하였다. 그러나, 그 범위에 있어서는 先行動作의 完了局面에 存在하지 않는 <長期的活動> 도 확대 해석하여 後者의 範疇에 넣기로 하였다. 이 경우에도 先行局面의 完結이, 客觀的인 形態가 아닌 意識속에는 存在하고 있기 때문이다. 구체적인 分析方法은 話者가 文을 서술하는 位置를 나타내는 視点을 基準時点으로 규정하여 非完了形(普通形)과의 대비 속에서, 주로 時間關係를 中心으로 完了形의 意味機能을 分析하였다. 實際로 文의 意味成立에 있어서, シタ形에 의한 <發話直前의 運動成立>의 경우는 狀況上 時制的인 要因이 <長期的인 活動>의 경우는 相的인 要因이 각각 크게 작용하고 있다. 물론 이들의 中間段階의 意味領域이 많이 存在하고 있으며, 이는 狀態性完了와 動作性完了가 서로 連續的인 關係에 있음을 잘 나타내고 있다. 이러한 점들은 完了가 時制와 相의 성격을 동시에 가지고 있다는 사실을 생각할 때 당연한 결과라 하겠다. 한편, 完了性의 發現에는 先行과 後續의 두 時間段階間의 時間的인 近接함, 動作成立場面과 發話場面과의 相關性이나 텍스트(text)的인 機能등 여러 要因이 복합적으로 작용하고 있다. 마지막으로, 完了槪念의 一般化를 고려할 때 語彙的인 側面, 述語의 意味的 인 側面, 文의 意味的인 側面등 여러 레벨의 意味的인 側面에 대해서도 충분한 검토가 必要하리라 생각되며, 이들은 앞으로의 課題들이다.
日本語の過去の出來事を表わす表現について : 韓國語との對照硏究 韓國語와의 대조 연구
崔炳奎 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-
본고는 일본어와 한국어의 여러 문법적인 형태 중 에서 특히 過去事態를 나타내는 シタ(完成相過去形), シテイタ(繼續相過去形)과, 이들과 意味的으로 대응하는 ‘했다’, ‘했었다’, ‘하고 있었다’, ‘해 있었다’形을 서로 대조ㆍ분석한 것이다. 분석의구체적인 방법을 종래의 방법이 아닌 基準時点의 개념을 도입하여 事態時点. 發話時点과의 상관 관계로 설명하고자 하였다. 이것은 단순 시제뿐만 아니고, 시제적, 상적으로 복합적인 意味의 완료(perfect)까지도 체계적인 설명이 가능하기 때문이다. 분석 결과, 두 언어에 있어서 文의 時間性(temporality), 특히 過去의미는 각각 ‘했다’와 ‘シタ’가 핵심적 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 ‘했다’는 相的으로 持續性(imperfective)을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 그 意味領域도 ‘シタ’보다 광범위 하다는 사실에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이고 있다. 이는 ‘했다’가 ‘해 있다’에서 파생되었다고 하는 語源的인 요인과 깊은 연관성이 있음을 입증하는 것이다. 이 밖에 韓國語의 경우 대과거적인 뉘앙스가 강한 ‘했었다’와 ‘シテイタ’의 意味도 基準時点 移動의 文法 현상으로 설명이 가능하였다.
日本語 目的文의 性格에 관한 考察 : 類意表現과의 比較를 통해서 類意表現との比較を通じて
최병규 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-
本考は日本語敎育で目的文として使われている(ために)(ように)(のに)(~に)文の性格を類義表現との比較を通じて分析を試みたものである. その結果 1. ために文のためは本來形式名詞で, 內部的に目的の意味を持っているため語彙的(一次的)な目的表現といえる. 一方, ようには複合約な意味の中で構文的條件, 文脈と外部約な要因による派生的(ニ次的)な目的表現である. 2. 連用形+に文も制限的ながら目的表現專用の形式である. のに, (ため)には文はように文同樣派生的な目的文である. 3. ために, に文は前-後件共に動作性(意志性)動詞を要求する動作性目的表現で·あるが, ように, のになどは狀態性動詞を要求する狀態性目的表現である. 4. ために文は前件-後件の構成が(動作+動作), ように文は(狀態+動作)で互いに異なる. 5. ために文は主體の意志性によって直接フントロ―ルされるが, ように文は期待 願望の意味を表れ-めそれが間接的になる. 6. 時間的な意味は相財的時制の着味が成立し, 程どの場合 以後(相對的未來)を表すが, 同時(相對的現在)も表しうる. 7. ために文とように文は相互補完的に機能分携をしている. 8. 結局, 目的文の意味は各形式の持つ語彙的な意味と構文的條件, 述語の時制-相的意味など複合的な要因によって決定されるといえる.
인과관계 없는 고지의무위반과 계약해지가부 - 대법원 2010.7.22. 선고 2010다25353 판결에 대한 평석을 중심으로 -
최병규 한국경영법률학회 2011 經營法律 Vol.21 No.2
In insurance contract law the duty of disclosure plays very important role. Insurance contract is a contract of utmost good faith. Many of conflicts are arising from the duty of disclosure. Thereby causal relationship takes very significant position. There were discussions, whether the insurer can surrender insurance contract, when the violation of disclosure duty has no relation to cause of insurance accident. The supreme court has, until the new case in 2010 appear, decided that the insurer can not surrender the contract in such a case. But the new supreme court has decisively shown its new attitude, that the insurer can surrender then the insurance contract for the future. This is a right decision. This study concentrates on analysing the new korean supreme court decision about the possibility of contract surrender in case of disclosure duty violation without causal relationship. The author has done comparison study with german legal status about the detailed contents of disclosure duty and causal relationship. The author has tried to pick out some suggestions from comparison with german legal status. In the future german new insurance contract law, their discussions, court decisions can give us very useful suggestions. Nowadays many countries are making effort to get better insurance contract law. The current korean insurance contract law in korean commercial code was effected in 1963. It has many problems. The reform discussion about korean insurance contract law is being done in korean national assembly. By the reform discussion in korea the legislator has decided to adopt one provision about possibility of contract surrender in case of disclosure duty violation without causal relationship. The reform draft of korean commercial code has namely the same contents. But it has not passed the national assembly until now. In short terms, we should agree with the attitude-change of supreme court.
최병규 한국상사법학회 2011 商事法硏究 Vol.30 No.1
Nowadays the legal education system plays very important role internationally. The competitiveness of one country depends on such a legal education system. In the field of commercial law the confusion of legal systems of civil law and common law show its characteristic. The two principal legal systems in the world today are those of civil law and common law. Continental Europe, Latin America, most of Africa and many Central European and Asian nations are part of the civil law system. The United States, along with England and other countries once part of the British Empire, belong to the common law system. The civil law system has its roots in ancient Roman law. The common law system began developing in England almost a millennium ago. By the time England's Parliament was established, its royal judges had already begun basing their decisions on customary law “common” to the realm. A body of decisions was accumulating. Able lawyers assisted the process. On the European continent,Justinian’s resurrected law-books and the legal system of the Catholic Church played critical roles in harmonizing a thousand local laws. We should find out the differences between both legal systems. It is often said that the common law system consists of unwritten “judge-made” law while the civil law system is composed of written codes. For the most part, law in the United States today is “made” by the legislative branch. To some extent, however, the judge-made law analogy is true. But it would be incorrect to say that common law is unwritten law. At the same time, not all law in civil law countries is codified in the sense that it is organized into a comprehensive organic, whole statement of the law on a given subject. Sometimes individual statutes are enacted to deal with specific issues without being codified. Because of globalisierung of law the both legal systems are nearing rapidly. Therefore we should reflect how the both legal systems will be integrated in korean law and legal system. Corporate law is one important example that shows the integration and similarity, especially after the IMF accident in 1997, 1998. Germany has reformed several times commercial law, especially corporate law in recent times. To make establishing corporate easier, germany allowed 1 EURO limited liability company. This trend is similar to korean reform and reform plan. In this sense korean legal system is based on continental civil law system. But the law school is in the near of common law and case based legal system. Nevertheless after beginning of law school in 2009 the korean legal system would not change to anglo-american common law system rapidly. But cases and case study will be more important. In korea the teaching method is based on continental theory based method. Recently court cases play very important role in learning and also teaching. But the students will not question actively during the lecture. It should be therefore reformed. The german legal education system will give us good suggestions, because we belong to continental civil law based country. Case study is important,but legal theories should also not be neglected.
최병규 한국경영법률학회 2024 經營法律 Vol.34 No.2
In 2023, many important precedents were handed down in the field of insurance law. There are many things in the Supreme Court's ruling that can be accepted. Unlike civil cases, even in criminal cases that require a criminal law, a person can be found guilty of insurance fraud through indirect evidence. According to the terms and conditions, there is an interpretation of ‘if the insured person is recognized as eligible for long-term care insurance for the elderly during the insurance period’. In relation to this, the precedent that interprets it to mean only cases where a long-term care rating has been received during the insurance period is also valid. In addition, it is also reasonable to conclude that in an inheritance-type immediate annuity insurance contract, the right to claim death benefits should be viewed as the heirs' unique property, not as inherited property. Meanwhile, judgment or verification of the doctor's opinion is an important issue. In the 2023 case law, the Supreme Court ruled that when evaluating the situation around the time of suicide to determine whether free decision-making was not possible, the entire aspect of the situation and the series of processes leading to suicide should be comprehensively considered, and the actions at a specific point in time should be comprehensively considered. For example, it is said that the situation should not be evaluated hastily, and it is requested to consider the situation comprehensively. In relation to this, when an evaluation report from a doctor with a different medical judgment is submitted as evidence, in order to adopt the results of the medical record appraisal request, the results of the appraisal request must be supplemented or supplemented through additional evidence investigation such as witness interrogation and fact-finding. Accordingly, the Supreme Court asked the Supreme Court whether there were circumstances that made it possible to believe that asphyxiation occurred while the insured person lost consciousness and died, and whether there were contents in the autopsy report that were characteristic of asphyxiation, and based on these contents, an opinion was presented as to whether asphyxiation occurred. It was judged that the credibility of the results of the commissioned appraisal should be determined by specifically examining and understanding the opinions of each appraisal agency on the subject, which is reasonable. Meanwhile, the problem at inadequate hospital by a non-qualified person is serious. If an unqualified person opens a medical corporation, hires a doctor, and provides medical treatment, the Supreme Court ruled that the cost of issuing a doctor's opinion cannot be said to be an unfounded gain under the law, so there is a possibility that the National Health Insurance Corporation's right to claim refund of unfair profits will not be established. It was ruled that there is, but this point requires reconsideration. It is necessary to critically reexamine precedents. In particular, it is necessary and important to review and verify the Supreme Court's judgment through theoretical and comparative legal considerations. In this regard, in-depth research on precedents will need to be conducted in the future. 2023년에도 보험법 분야에서 중요한 판례가 많이 선고되었다. 대법원의 판지 중에는 그를 수긍할 수 있는 내용이 많다. 민사사건과는 달리 죄형법정주의가 요구되는 형사사건에서도 간접증거를 통하여 보험사기 유죄를 인정할 수 있다는 판례, 약관상, ‘피보험자가 보험기간 중 노인장기요양보험 수급대상으로 인정되었을 경우’의 해석과 관련하여 보험기간중에 장기요양등급판정을 받은 경우만을 의미한다고 해석한 판례도 타당하다. 또한 상속형 즉시연금보험계약에서 사망보험금청구권은 상속재산이 아닌 상속인들의 고유재산으로 보아야 한다는 판시도 타당하다. 한편 의사의 소견의 판단 내지는 검증이 중요한 이슈이다. 2023년도 판례에서 대법원은 자유로운 의사결정을 할 수 없는 상태였는지 여부를 판단하기 위해 자살 무렵의 상황을 평가할 때에는 그 상황 전체의 양상과 자살에 이르는 일련의 과정을 종합적으로 고려하여야 하고 특정 시점에서의 행위를 들어 그 상황을 섣불리 평가하여서는 안 된다고 하여 상황을 종합적으로 고려할 것을 주문하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 의학적 판단이 다른 의사의 감정서가 증거로 제출되었을 때에는 진료기록감정촉탁 결과를 채택하려면 감정촉탁 결과의 보완을 명하거나 증인신문, 사실조회 등 추가적인 증거조사를 통해 보강하여 판단하여야 한다. 이에 대법원은 피보험자가 의식을 잃고 사망하는 과정에서 질식이 발생하였다고 볼만한 사정이 있었는지, 부검감정서에 질식이 발생한 경우 특징적으로 보이는 내용이 있었고 이러한 내용을 근거로 질식 발생 여부에 관한 의견을 제시한 것인지 등에 관한 각 감정기관의 견해를 구체적으로 심리·파악하여 감정촉탁 결과의 신빙성 여부를 판단하여야 한다고 판단하였는바, 이는 타당하다. 한편 사무장병원이 문제가 심각한 상황이다. 비자격자가 의료법인 등을 개설하고 의사를 채용하여 진료행위를 한 경우 대법원은 의사소견서 발급비용이 법률상 원인 없는 이득이라고 할 수 없으므로, 국민건강보험공단의 부당이득반환청구권이 성립하지 않을 여지가 있다고 판시하였는데, 이점은 재고를 요한다. 판례를 비판적으로 재점검하는 것은 필요하다. 특히 대법원의 판단에 대하여 이론적, 비교법적 고찰을 통하여 재검토, 검증을 하는 것이 필요하고 중요하다. 이러한 점에서 앞으로 판례에 대한 연구가 심층적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.
최병규 한국상사법학회 2007 商事法硏究 Vol.26 No.2
Versicherbarkeit der krperlich und geistig Behinderten und Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz