북송 고문가들의 도와 문에 대한 견해 소고

진영희 영남중국어문학회 1988 중국어문학 Vol.15 No.1

北宋的古文運動是直接繼承唐代古文運動的. 北宋初的古文家大都受韓愈的復古明道之精神的影響. 所以他們的對道與文的了解與韓愈大部分相同. 但像柳開. 石介等對韓愈的理解是有限的. 他們只强調道統. 而且他們把道的內涵縮小到儒家的三綱五常之類的倫理綱領. 他們過分强調道, 而且以爲文只是載道之具. 以後流於極端復古的傾向, 終於産生務奇求深的太學體的新弊. 於是歐陽修感到不滿, 爲了解決這些毛病, 主張充實內容, 而强調文學的實用性. 故想要把儒家與現實百事聯關起來. 而他道的內涵是還泥於儒家, 旣然儒家不能包括現實百事, 這是前後矛盾的說法. 他雖注意到文的重要性, 但還是先道後文的. 至蘇軾, 他一面繼承以前古文家的文學的實用性和文章風格之平易的主張, 령一方面把道的內涵擴大到天地萬物之中內在的固有的道理. 同時他認爲文是天地竝生的, 又說文是貫天地之道的. 所以文不再只爲儒道服務. 他尊重文體自身的容觀存在以及其規律性. 從以上的考察, 可知儒家思想綜古文運動上多大的影響. 而其影響雖有一些肯定性. 但其否定性也不少, 像蘇軾能구脫離儒家思想的局限, 才其文學觀念超王確, 完成古文運動.

서울지역 소아에서 분리된 Nontyphoid Salmonella의 항생제 내성과 Integron의 특징

진영희,김진아,정지헌,전수진,이재규,오영희,한기영,이영기,Jin, Young-Hee,Kim, Jin-Ah,Jung, Ji-Hun,Jeon, Soo-Jin,Lee, Jae-Kyoo,Oh, Young-Hee,Han, Ki-Young,Lee, Young-Ki 한국미생물학회 2010 미생물학회지 Vol.46 No.4

2003년부터 2009년까지 서울지역 소아에서 분리된 nontyphoid Salmonella 105주에 대해서 혈청형, 항생제 내성양상, integron의 특징과 PFGE를 수행하였다. 혈청형은 총 18종으로 S.Enteritidis가 가장 많이 분리되었고, 그 다음은 Montevide였다. 항균제 내성은 혈청형별로 차이가 있었으나 전체 살모넬라에 대해서 10종의 항균제에 대한 내성률은 ampicillin이 60%로 가장 높았으며, tetracycline 46.7%, streptomycin 35.2%, nalidixic acid 28.6% 순이었다. 다재내성 유형을 알아본 결과 nalidixic acid 단독 내성이 15.7%로 가장 많았고, ampicillinampicillin/sulbactam-tetracycline형이 14.5%, ampicillin-streptomycin-chloramphenicol-tetracycline형이 10.8%였다. Integron에 대한 연구 결과 integron 보유율은 19%로 20주에서 class 1 integron을 가지고 있었고 gene cassette는 20%만 확인이 되었다. 확인된 gene cassette는 aadA2, blaP1과 dfrA12-aadA2, dfr17-aadA5, aadA7이였다. 연도별 분리균의 유연관계를 확인 하고자 가장 분리율이 높은 S. Enteritidis 50주에 대해서 PFGE를 수행한 결과 3가지 Pulsotype으로 나눠어졌다. 3주를 제외한 모든 균주는 similarity 89.8%의 비교적 유연관계가 높은 균임을 확인할 수 있었다. A total of 105 nontyphoid Salmonella isolated from infants in Seoul from 2003 to 2009 was investigated for their serotype, antimicrobial resistance, characterization of integron, and the patterns of Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Eighteen serotypes were detected in 105 isolates, and the two most common serotypes were S. Enteritidis (47.6%) and Montevideo (15.2%). Among the Salmonella serovars, a high level of antimicrobial resistance was found to ampicilin (60%), tetracycline (46.7%), streptomycin (35.2%) and nalidixic acid (28.6%). In the multi-drug resistance patterns, the predominant patterns were only nalidixic acid (15.7%), ampicillin-ampicillin/sulbactam-tetracycline (14.5%), and ampicillin-streptomycin-chloramphenicol-tetracycline (10.8%). PCR and DNA sequencing analysis revealed the presence of class 1 integron in 20 isolates (19%). Of the class 1 integron positive isolates 20% harboured the integron-associated gene cassettes : aadA2, blaP1, dfr17-aadA5, dfrA12-aadA2, and aadA7. PFGE was carried out to examine the genetic relatedness among S. Enteritidis isolates. Except for three strains, fifty strains were divided by three pulsotypes.

Intracellular Antibody Fragment Against Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication

진영희,홍승호,김경민,신호준,박선 연세대학교의과대학 2006 Yonsei medical journal Vol.47 No.5

Replication of the hepatitis B virus is suppressed by deficiency of the X protein. Although several molecules that block cellular targets of X protein reduce the production of hepatitis B virus progeny, the effect of a specific inhibitor of X protein on viral replication has not been investigated. To block X protein specifically, we adopted an intracellular expression approach using H7 single chain variable fragment (H7scFv), an antibody fragment against X protein. We previously demonstrated that cytoplasmic expression of H7scFv inhibits X protein-induced tumorigenicity and transactivation. In this study, intracellular H7scFv expression inhibits reporter gene transactivation but not viral replication determined by endogenous hepatitis B virus polymerase activity assay and real-time PCR. Our findings imply that intracellular expression of antibody fragment against X protein may not be an alternative therapeutic modality for inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication.

Epidemiological Relationship of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Enteroaggregative E. coli Isolated from Patients with Diarrhea in Seoul

진영희,성현정,오영희,정지훈,전수진,이재규,김창규,최성민,채영주 대한미생물학회 2013 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.43 No.1

Of total 1,438 specimens of patients with diarrhea in Seoul, 2011, 217 samples (15%) were found pathogenicEscherichia coli that included 192 strains (89%) of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). The highest isolation rate for ETEC and EAEC was found in August and September. Sixty two pathogenic E. colistrains (34 ETEC and 28 EAEC strains) were selected from 175 strains (94 ETEC and 81 EAEC strains) isolated inAugust and September. Of 94 strains characterized for ETEC phenotype, 76 (81%) expressed heat-stable toxin (ST)only. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by using sixteen types of antibiotics. A high level of antimicrobialresistance to tetracycline (57%), ampicillin and ticarcillin (54%) was observed among EAEC isolates while the highestresistance rate of ETEC was found for nalidixic acid (47%), followed by tetracycline (32%). As to the antimicrobialsusceptibility test, EAEC showed the complicated multi-drug resistant patterns in which the resistance was higher thanETEC. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was carried out to examine the genetic relatedness among ETEC andEAEC isolates. Except for 11 strains, 51 strains were divided by eight pulsotypes. In PFGE analysis, isolates fromfoodborne disease outbreaks in August and September 2011 showed close relation.

Expression of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein in Hepatocytes Does Not Modulate Proliferation or Apoptosis of CD8+ T Cells

진영희,I. Nicholas Crispe,박선 연세대학교의과대학 2005 Yonsei medical journal Vol.46 No.6

Hepatocytes are the primary targets of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). While immunosuppressive roles of HCV core protein have been found in several studies, it remains uncertain whether core protein expressed in hepatocytes rather than in immune cells affects the CD8+ T cell response. In order to transduce genes selectively into hepatocytes, we developed a baculoviral vector system that enabled primary hepatocytes to express a target epitope for CD8+ T cells, derived from ovalbumin (OVA), with or without HCV core protein. Culture of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells with hepatocytes infected with these baculoviral vectors revealed that core protein has no effect on proliferation or apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that HCV core protein does not exert its suppressive role on the CD8+ T cell immune response through expression in hepatocytes.

MAX FRISCH의 "HOMO FABER 고찰" : Faber의 人生觀의 변화를 중심으로

秦英姬 이화여자대학교 독어독문학회 1971 Echo Vol.- No.1

한국 성인의 식습관 : 암과 관련된 영양 지식 , 믿음 , 태도에 관한 연구 Cancer Related Nutrition Knowledge , Beliefs , and Attitudes of Korean Adults

진영희 한국식생활문화학회 2000 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

This study was to investigate the nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported dietary changes. Data were collected from 903 parents whose children were attending an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, or a junior college in Kimcheon. Thirty-seven percent of the subjects reported that they had made dietary changes for their health. Respondents reported eating more vegetables(33.1%), fruit(24.1%), whole grains(19.9%), and lower-fat meats(14.5%) and less alcohol(17.2%), high-fat meat(16.4%), fats(13.8%), smoked foods(13.8%), snacks/cake/sweets(11.7%), salty foods(9.6%), and refined grain products(6.1%). Those who did not make any dietary changes most often said the reason was that they thought their diets were already healthful and therefore there was no reason to make a change. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects agreed that diet and disease were related and 89.5% knew that diet and cancer were related, yet 8% believed there was nothing a person could do to reduce the risk of getting cancer. In response to open-ended questions about foods that either increase or decrease cancer risk, vegetables, fruit, traditional fermented foods, etceteras, and whole grains were thought to decrease risk, and burned foods, salty foods, additives, high-fat meats/fats, and alcohol were thought to increase cancer risk. In this study, education levels to be the major demographic variable and residential district had an impact on cancer prevention knowledge and attitudes. People at lower educational levels and rural residents should be targeted for education about cancer risk reduction.

‘사랑’ 시조의 어문학적 접근 연구

진영희,정소연 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.3

We examined sijo using the word 'love' in Historical Sijo Collection in the two aspects of linguisatics and thematic, especially we tried to reveal the relation of two aspects. In chapter 2, we found the 68 works used the words relating ‘love’. The words are as follows: ‘랑’, ‘사랑’, ‘사ᄅᆞᆼ’, ‘思郞’, ‘愛情’, ‘괴다’. In chapter 3, we studied the relationships in words, structure and theme. In the parts of speech, we compared the meaning of love in the case of noun and verbs. After that we examined as to constituents of sentences. Through these processes, we tried to reveal the relation between the choice of words and meanings of the word 'love' in them.. Second, the diverse attitudes of poetic speakers on love and on the beginning of love, farewell and reunion were also established. The sijo based on love show the reality and complexity of love, therefore classical poetry and song are not far from the present reality. Finally, this study suggests that Korean traditional emotion should not be evaluated as only a sorrow or yearning. Reading sijo should be accessed in a more diverse ways. 본고는 『역대시조전서』를 대상으로 ‘사랑’ 어휘가 나오는 시조를 찾아 어학적인 측면과 주제적인 측면을 통해 사랑 시조의 다양한 세계를 살펴본 것이다. 특히 어휘와 나타내고자 하는 주제의 상관관계에 대해 주목하였다. 2장에서는 ‘ᄉᆞ랑’, ‘사랑’, ‘사ᄅᆞᆼ’, ‘思郞’, ‘愛情’, ‘괴다’가 쓰인 사랑 어휘군 시조 68수를 찾고, 어휘에 따른 출현 현황을 살펴보았다. 3장에서는 품사 및 문장 성분, 시조 구조와 어휘 출현 위치에 따른 의미, 전체 어휘 출현 빈도에 따른 사랑의 의미 읽기 등을 통해 어휘와 사랑의 의미 관계를 탐색하였다. 또한 사랑의 다양한 양상과 화자의 태도를 사랑의 시작이나 이별, 재회 같은 사랑할 때의 다양한 상황을 중심으로 밝힘으로, 사랑시조의 정서 양상은 예찬이나 만족감, 소망, 믿음, 기다림, 안정감, 그리움, 원망, 순응 순으로 나타남을 보았다. 이렇게 사랑을 다룬 시조들은 한이나 그리움만이 아니라 매우 다양한 스펙트럼의 정서들을 보인다. 따라서 그간 사랑을 다룬 시조를 읽는 방식을 더 다양하게 접근할 것을 제안하였다.

Mutations in gyrA and parC Genes and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Non-typhoid Salmonella Isolated from Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea in Seoul

진영희,정지훈,전수진,이재규,오영희,최성민,채영주 대한미생물학회 2012 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.42 No.3

A total of 91 non-typhoid Salmonella isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in Seoul from 2003 to 2009 was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility of nalidixic acid (NA). Forty strains of NA resistance or intermediate susceptible non-typhoid Salmonella were identified and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NA, ciprofloxacin (CIP),and norfloxacin (NOR) were determined. Of the 40 isolates, 26 were resistant to NA (MIC >256 μg/ml). Only one isolate was high-level resistant to CIP (12 μg/ml) and NOR (48 μg/ml). Mutations in gyrA and parC genes were studied by PCR and sequencing. All NA-resistant isolates carried point mutations in the gyrA quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) at codon 83 or 87 (MICs of NA, >256 μg/ml; MICs of CIP, 0.047~0.25 μg/ml; MICs of NOR,0.38~1.5 μg/ml). A double change in GyrA was found in one Salmonella Enteritidis (MIC of CIP, 12 μg/ml; MIC of NOR, 48 μg/ml). In respect of the ParC protein, a single change at Thr57→Ser was found in 3 isolates (MICs of NA,>256 μg/ml; MICs of CIP, 0.19~0.25 μg/ml; MICs of NOR, 1 μg/ml). At the same time, these strains changed from Ser83 to Tyr in the gyrA. The result of the investigation for the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, 14 isolates harbored qnr gene among 40 isolates. All of 14 isolates showed decreased susceptibility at NA (MICs 4~16 μg/ml) and except one strain, all of qnr genes were identified as qnrB. Mutations in the gyrA gene and production of PMQR determinants were critical for quinolone resistance and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolone in these isolates.

소도시지역 중학생의 식습관, 식생활 행동 및 영양지식

진영희 대한영양사협회 2001 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.7 No.4

This study was to obtain information about the dietary habits, the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and the food consumption of middle school students and to assess relationships between the dietary habits, the dietary attitudes, and nutrition knowledge of middle school students. Data were collected from 390 middle school students in Kimcheon. In the dietary habits, the regularity of breakfast showed the highest point and the snack consumption showed the lowest point. Female students were lower in the regularity of breakfast, and male students were higher in overeating of dinner and night. In the dietary attitudes and the perceived importance of nutrition, male students showed more favorable attitudes and perceived more importance of nutrition. In the nutrition knowledge, the responses to items 'Cola or cider doesn't have calories' and 'An egg contains lots of cholesterol' were the lowest point. Female students had higher knowledge than male students. In the food intake, grains, milk·yogurt·cheese, and fruits were always eaten or frequently eaten. While fast food, spicy and salty food, seaweeds, carbonated drinks, and yellow or green vegetables were eaten in lower frequency than other foods. Male students consumed more meat·ham·egg·fish, fried·stir-fried food, fast food, carbonated drinks, and spicy and salty food than female students. The correlation between dietary attitudes and dietary habits was statistically significant. The correlation between dietary attitudes and the perceived importance of nutrition was statistically significant. But the correlation between dietary attitudes and nutrition knowledge was statistically significant for female students, not significant for male students. Nutrition knowledge was related to the perceived importance of nutrition. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education program might be developed and implemented to ensure the good eating behaviors of middle school students.