신경교종의 표피성장인자수용체 발현과 증식능

지철,최창락 가톨릭대학 (가톨릭신학대학) 대학원 1994 가톨릭大學醫學部 論文集 Vol.47 No.4

The Relationship between Intracellular Protein Kinase C Concentration and Invasiveness in U-87 Malignant Glioma Cells

지철,조경근,이경진,박성찬,조정기,강준기,최창락,Ji, Cheol,Cho, Kyung-Keun,Lee, Kyung Jin,Park, Sung Chan,Cho, Jung Ki,Kang, Joon Ki,Choi, Chang Rak The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.3

교모세포종은 비교적 흔한 원발성 뇌종양이며 생물학적 특성상 빠른 성장률을 보이는 것 외에 침습성이 강하여 종양과 인접한 부분을 파괴 시킬 뿐 아니라 직접접촉하지 않는 부분의 파괴도 일어나게 되어 그 결과 치료 예후가 매우 불량한 것으로 되어 있다. 이러한 불량한 예후를 개선 시키기 위해서는 이들 종양의 침습에 대한 기전의 정확한 이해가 필요하며 이를 이용한 새로운 치료방법이 요구된다할 것이다. Protein kinase C(PKC)는 세포내 신호전달체제 과정에서 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 효소로 세포막 수용체 신호를 핵으로 전달하는 역할을 하며 세포내 여러 생물학적 작용이 알려져 있다. 본 실험은 종양침습과 연관하여 세포내 PKC가 어떠한 작용을 하는지에 대해서 악성교종 세포를 대상으로 하여 알아보고자 하였다. 따라서 PKC가 종양침습에 중요한 역할을 할 것이라는 가설을 세웠고 이 가설을 증명하기 위해 세포내 PKC농도를 길항제 및 촉진제를 이용하며 높고 낮게 조절함으로써 그에 따른 침습성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 방법으로는 교모세포종 세포주인 U-87 세포를 약제로 처리한 후 인위적으로 조절된 세포내의 PKC에 대해 효소의 활성도를 측정하였고 침습성은 matrigel artificial basement membrane assay 및 tumor spheroid fetal rat brain aggregate(FRBA) confrontation assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과로 PKC의 길항제인 tamoxifen과 hypericin으로 처치한 세포는 PKC의 활성과 침습도가 모두 감소하였으며 이는 약제농도에 비례하여 나타났다. 반면 PKC 자극제인 TPA로 처치된 세포는 증가된 PKC 활성도나 침습도을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 보았을 때 PKC는 종양세포의 침습성에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며 PKC의 길항제는 종양 치료에 유용한 화학 요법 제가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objective : Glioblastomas, the most common type of primary brain tumors, are highly invasive and cause massive tissue destruction at both the tumor invading edges and in areas that are not in direct contact with glioma cells. As a result, patients with high-grade gliomas are faced with a poor prognosis. Such grim statistics emphasize the need to better understand the mechanisms that underlie glioma invasion, as these may lead to the identification of novel targets in the therapy of high grade gliomas. Protein kinase C(PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases and an important signal transduction enzyme that conveys signals generated by ligand-receptor interaction at the cell surface to the nucleus. PKC appears to be critical in regulating many aspects of glioma biology. The purpose of this study was to assess accurately the role of PKC in the invasion regulation of human gliomas based on hypothesis that protein kinase C(PKC) is functional in the process of glial tumor cell invasion. Method : To test this hypothesis, U-87 malignant glioma cell line intracellular PKC levels were up and down regulated and their invasiveness was tested. Intracellular PKC level was characterized using PKC activity assays. Invasion assays including barrier migration and spheroid confrontation were used to study the relationship between PKC concentration and invasiveness. Result : The cell line which were treated by PKC inhibitor tamoxifen and hypericin exhibited decreased PKC activity and decreased invasive abilities dose dependently both in matrigel invasion assay and tumor spheroid fetal rat brain aggregates(FRBA) confrontation assay. However, the cell line that was treated by PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanylphorbol-13acetate(TPA) did not exhibit increases in either PKC activity or invasive ability. Conclusion : These studies suggest that PKC may be a useful molecular target for the chemotherapy of glioblastoma and other malignancies and that a therapeutic approach based on the ability of PKC inhibitors may be helpful in preventing invasion.

Infra-optic Course of Both Anterior Cerebral Arteries Associated with a Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm and an Aortic Coarctation

지철,안재근,조송미 대한영상의학회 2009 대한영상의학회지 Vol.60 No.6

A ruptured aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery with an infra-optic course of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries was found in a 28-year-old woman. Both abnormal anterior cerebral arteries arose from the ipsilateral internal carotid arteries, at the level of the origin of ophthalmic arteries, passed underneath the ipsilateral optic nerves and turned upward at the ventral portion of the optic chiasm. In addition, an aortic coarctation was found with the use of thoracic aortography. An infra-optic course of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries is an extremely rare anomaly. An infra-optic course of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries is frequently associated with cerebral aneurysms and possibly with a coarctation aorta. The clinical features, radiological findings and possible genesis of this anomaly are presented.

Surgical Treatment of a Large Regrowing Chondrosarcoma in the Upper Thoracic Spine with Osteochondromatosis

지철,안재근,허한용,박춘근 대한척추신경외과학회 2009 Neurospine Vol.6 No.4

A chondrosarcoma of thoracic spine with local recurrence is described in a 40‐year‐old man having osteochondromatosis. We had performed a subtotal resection of a chondrosarcoma 3.5 years ago. However, the tumor had grown larger than the initial size. The patient showed symptoms of myelopathy. He was treated with a staged posterior spinal fusion and anterior decompression/corpectomy for grossly total removal of the chondrosarcoma. The patient had near‐complete resolution of his myelopathy after surgery, immediatly. Follow‐up at 6 months revealed no recurrence and the patient had recovered normal muscle power. Even low grade chondrosarcomas have a high recurrence rate and respond poorly to medical treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, making total surgical resection is the most important treatment. For good therapeutic results, the chondrosarcoma should be performed aggressive total resection. A chondrosarcoma of thoracic spine with local recurrence is described in a 40‐year‐old man having osteochondromatosis. We had performed a subtotal resection of a chondrosarcoma 3.5 years ago. However, the tumor had grown larger than the initial size. The patient showed symptoms of myelopathy. He was treated with a staged posterior spinal fusion and anterior decompression/corpectomy for grossly total removal of the chondrosarcoma. The patient had near‐complete resolution of his myelopathy after surgery, immediatly. Follow‐up at 6 months revealed no recurrence and the patient had recovered normal muscle power. Even low grade chondrosarcomas have a high recurrence rate and respond poorly to medical treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, making total surgical resection is the most important treatment. For good therapeutic results, the chondrosarcoma should be performed aggressive total resection.

척수손상후 운동 유발전위와 지각 유발전위의 비교

지철,이재수,하영수,최창락,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.4

Electrical monitoring of the nervous system offers the potential for the detection of injury, intraoperatively. The relationship of MEP(Motor Evoked Potential) and SEP(Sensory Evoked Potential) taken in 30 rats before and after spinal cord injury is reported. MEP was obtained from distal portion to the site of spinal cord injury by electrical stimulation of the cerebral motor cortex after insertion of a ball electrode in the cerebral motor cortex. SEP was collected at the cerebral somatosensory cortex during the sciatic nerve stimulation. Experimental animals were divided into a 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group and 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. Changes of cardiopulmonary function after cerebral motor cortex stimulation and pre-and post-injury MEP and SEP were obtained at constant time interval. The results were follows : 1) Significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were noted to be elevated after stimulation of cerebral motor cortex and these were returned to normal in 10 minutes after stimulation. 2) MEP in control group showed that the latency was 8.6±1.54msec and the amplitude was 20.60±3.2㎶. In MEP of 20g㎝ spinal cord trauma group, the latency was increased to 30% (11.26±1.76msec) compared to control group at 10 minutes after the injury and the amplitude was decreased to 29% (14.60±2.99㎶). The latency was slowly decreased with the passage of time, to 21% increase. (10.42±1.84msec) at 1 hour after injury but the amplitude was not changed. In 50 g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group the latency was decreased to 75%(4.9±1.52㎶) compared to control group. With the passage of time, no change was revealed in latency but amplitude was decreased. The amplitude was decreased to 80%(4.00±1.49㎶) compared to control group. Change of MEP was marked in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. With the passage of time MEP was slightly improved in 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group but deteriorated in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. 3) The latency of SEP in control group was 12.22±0.7msec and the amplitude of those was 20.00±2.21㎶. No significant statistical change was recorded in the SEP of each spinal cord-trauma group compared to control group. MEP might be more important indicator than SEP in estimation and evaluation of the functional change of spinal cord injury.

외상성 뇌경막하 수종에 대한 임상적 연구

지철 ( Chul Jee ),김영 ( Young Kim ),박춘근 ( Chun Kun Park ),김문찬 ( Moon Chan Kim ),김달수 ( Dal Soo Kim ),강준기 ( Joon Ki Kang ),송진언 ( Jin Un Song ) 대한외상학회 1988 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

Authors represented an analysis on 81 patients with traumatic subdural hygromas who had been ad-mitted from 1983 to 1985. All cases were diagnosed by CT scan. The results were summarized as follows: 1).The main symptoms were: headache, lowered consciousness and neurological plateau. Nine patients (8.6%) did not present any symptom. 2)In 81 cases, 43.2% had not associated head injury (simple subdural hygroma), and 54.3% were diagnosed in subacute stage (2 to 14 days). 3)A lot of patients in subacute type subdural hygroma who had contusion or had no associated head injury were getting worse in their clinical course. 4)The most common interval from trauma to diagnosis was from 2 days to 14 days, but in cases with epidural or subdural hematoma, most of subdural hygroma were diagnosed in chronic stage. 5)In cases with surgical treatment, high proportion of patients, who were over 60 years old and whose subdural hygroma were diagnosed in acute stage, showed plateau, or worsened clinical result. In cases with conservative treatment, such a clinical result was noted in lots of patients who had simple and/or subacute type subdural hygroma between 41 to 60 years old. G)Glasgow outcome scale had not relation to interval from trauma to diagnosis of subdural hygroma, but to age of patient and associated head injury. 7)Improvement in CT finding had not relation to type of treatment and clinical result, but to age of patient.

4계절 공원등 개발

지철근(池哲根),지정철(池正哲),권기태(權起泰) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명.전기설비 Vol.22 No.5

다중결합선로 방향성 결합기를 이용한 MMIC 트랜스버살 필터

지기만,박동철 한국전자파학회 2003 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.14 No.10

기존의 트랜스버살 필터는 MMIC로 제작할 때 폭 방향에 비해 길이 방향의 길이가 너무 긴 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 필터의 길이 방향 길이를 줄여 제작에 더 유리한 구조를 가질 수 있으며 임의의 높은 결합도도 얻을 수 있는 다중 결합선로 방향성 결합기를 이용한 트랜스버살 필터를 제안하였다. 트랜스버살 필터의 입력단에 입력된 신호는 각 방향성 결합기를 거치면서 유전체와 도체 손실에 의해 점점 작아지기 때문에 뒤쪽에 위치한 방향성 결합기에서 결합된 신호는 설계치보다 작게 되어 필터의 주파수 특성을 열화시킨다. 이러한 현상을 개선하기 위해 수정된 결합계수 계산식을 제시하였다. 유도된 계산식 및 3차원 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 필터의 설계 방법과 동작 특성을 검증하였다. There are critical drawbacks in fabricating MMIC transversal filters because the length of the conventional transversal filter structure is much longer than the width. In order to solve this structural problem, a transversal filter using multiple-coupled-line directional couplers which can achieve tight coupling is proposed. The length of the proposed transversal filter can be made short using multiple-coupled-line couplers so that the structure of the proposed filter is applicable to MMIC technology. Because of the dielectric and conductor losses, the excited signal at the input port becomes smaller when it progresses through each directional coupler. Therefore, the strength of the coupled signals at the latter directional couplers becomes smaller than the designed one and this, in turn, gives rise to performance aggravation. A modified coupling coefficient formula to prevent frequency characteristic degradation is introduced. The proposed filter structure and the design method are verified by the calculated result and 3D full-wave analysis.

삼중 결합선로 방향성결합기를 이용한 새로운 구조의 트랜스버살 필터

지기만,박동철 한국전자파학회 2003 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.14 No.6

A novel transversal filter using triple-coupled-line directional couplers is proposed. Simple design method which uses sinc function for computing coupling coefficients of the proposed transversal filter are also introduced. The frequency characteristics of the proposed filter are seldom degraded by the connecting sections between the cascaded directional couplers while those of the conventional transversal filter are aggravated. Moreover, the less number of the connecting sections and the directional couplers is required in the proposed filter than fer the case of the conventional transversal filter having the same bandwidth. The performance of the proposed transversal filter is verified by measurement and the measured results are compared with the calculated results. 3중 결합 구조의 방향성결합기로 구성된 새로운 구조의 트랜스버살 필터를 제안하였으며 sinc 함수를 이용하여 제안된 필터의 결합계수를 간단하게 구하는 방법도 소개하였다. 최고 -3 dB의 결합도를 갖는 일반적인 방향성결합기를 이용한 기존의 트랜스버살 필터는 방향성결합기 사이를 연결해 주는 연결선로의 영향에 의해 주파수 특성이 저하되는데 제안된 구조의 필터는 특성 저하 현상이 현저히 개선되며 또한 높은 결합도가 요구되는 광대역 필터의 경우 삽입손실 특성이 우수하다. 그리고 같은 통과대역폭의 경우 방향성결합기와 연결선로의 수가 기존 필터보다 적으며 집적도에 더 유리한 구조를 가지고 있다. 제안된 구조의 필터 특성을 제작을 통해 고찰하였으며 계산치와 비교하였다.

경부 결핵성 임파선염의 치료에 대한 임상적 고찰

지철(Chul Chi),이종수(Jong Soo Lee) 대한외과학회 1999 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.56 No.3