Is Obesity One of Physiological Factors which Exert Influenza Virus-induced Pathology and Vaccine Efficacy?

조화정,남재환 대한미생물학회 2014 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.44 No.3

Obesity has been considered a risk factor for infectious diseases including the influenza virus. Most epidemiologicalinvestigations indicated that obesity is connected to the severity of influenza, although there are some exceptions. Manystudies using obese humans and animal models showed that immune response was impaired in the obese group, increasingsusceptibility and severity of influenza virus. However, the exact mechanism by which obesity inhibits anti-viral immuneresponse remains unknown. This review discusses current studies about the properties of immune cells in obesity. Inobesity, the balance of adipokines is disrupted and the level of proinflammatory cytokine is increased compared withnon-obese control. Moreover, macrophages induced systemic inflammation by secreting cytokines such as TNF-α andIL-6, antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells was diminished which affect T cell responses, and influenza-specificantibody production seems reduced and decreased even faster after vaccination in obese mouse. The number of circulatingT cells and proliferation of mitogen-stimulated T cells dropped and T cell memory was significantly low in influenzainfected obese mouse. Therefore, obesity may be one of factors for disease progression in influenza virus infection andvaccine efficacy.

Platelets Induce Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via CD154-CD40 Pathway Independently of VEGF

조화정,고은미,천인수,정두일,김영명,최종선 대한면역학회 2008 Immune Network Vol.8 No.3

Background: Platelets take part in repairing the lesions of endothelial damage. To understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we tested the hypothesis that CD154 expressed on activated platelets stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells. Methods: The expression levels of CD154 and CD40 on platelets and endothelial cells, respectively, were measured by flow cytometry and confocalmicroscopy. Function-blocking monoclonal antibody against CD154 was developed after immunization with CD154- transfected L cells. Results: An anti-CD40 agonist antibody and soluble CD154 both induced significant proliferation ofendothelial cells. In addition, a function-blocking anti-CD154 a ntibody inhibited the platelet-induced proliferation of endothelial cells, indicating that the CD154-CD40 pathway is involved in these cellular interactions. An anti-VEGF antibody failed to inhibit the proliferation. This, in addition to the fact that very small amounts of VEGF are released from platelets or endothelial cells, suggests that VEGF does not play an important role in the platelet-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that platelets induce proliferation of endothelial cells by CD154-CD40 interactions independently of VEGF. Background: Platelets take part in repairing the lesions of endothelial damage. To understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we tested the hypothesis that CD154 expressed on activated platelets stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells. Methods: The expression levels of CD154 and CD40 on platelets and endothelial cells, respectively, were measured by flow cytometry and confocalmicroscopy. Function-blocking monoclonal antibody against CD154 was developed after immunization with CD154- transfected L cells. Results: An anti-CD40 agonist antibody and soluble CD154 both induced significant proliferation ofendothelial cells. In addition, a function-blocking anti-CD154 a ntibody inhibited the platelet-induced proliferation of endothelial cells, indicating that the CD154-CD40 pathway is involved in these cellular interactions. An anti-VEGF antibody failed to inhibit the proliferation. This, in addition to the fact that very small amounts of VEGF are released from platelets or endothelial cells, suggests that VEGF does not play an important role in the platelet-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that platelets induce proliferation of endothelial cells by CD154-CD40 interactions independently of VEGF.

IL-4 and HDAC Inhibitors Suppress Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Follicular Dendritic Cells

조화정,최종선,홍승희 대한면역학회 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.2

Evidence for immunoregulatory roles of prostaglandins (PGs)is accumulating. Since our observation of PG production by human follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), we investigated the regulatory mechanism of PG production in FDC and attempted to understand the functions of released PGs in the responses of adjacent lymphocytes. Here, using FDC-like cells, HK cells, we analyzed protein expression alterations in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the presence of IL-4 or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Both IL-4 and HDAC inhibitors suppressed COX-2 expression in dose-dependent manners. Their effect was specific to COX-2 and did not reach to COX-1 expression. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors gave rise to an opposing effect on COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes. Our results suggest that IL-4 may regulate COX-2 expression in FDCs by affecting chromatin remodeling and provide insight into the role of cellular interactions between T cells and FDC during the GC reaction. Given the growing interests in wide-spectrum HDAC inhibitors,the differential results on COX-2 expression in HK cells and monocytes raise cautions on their clinical use.

Syntenin Is Expressed in Human Follicular Dendritic Cells and Involved in the Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase

조화정,Hyeyoung Kim,이정형,홍승희,최종선 대한면역학회 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.5

Syntenin is an adaptor molecule containing 2 PDZ domains which mediate molecular interactions with diverse integral or cytoplasmic proteins. Most of the results on the biological function of syntenin were obtained from studies with malignant cells, necessitating exploration into the role of syntenin in normal cells. To understand its role in normal cells, we investigated expression and function of syntenin in human lymphoid tissue and cells in situ and in vitro. Syntenin expression was denser in the germinal center than in the extrafollicular area. Inside the germinal center, syntenin expression was obvious in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Flow cytometric analysis with isolated cells confirmed a weak expression of syntenin in T and B cells and a strong expression in FDCs. In FDC-like cells, HK cells, most syntenin proteins were found in the cytoplasm compared to weak expression in the nucleus. To study the function of syntenin in FDC, we examined its role in the focal adhesion of HK cells by depleting syntenin by siRNA technology. Knockdown of syntenin markedly impaired focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation in HK cells. These results suggest that syntenin may play an important role in normal physiology as well as in cancer pathology.

Production of Prostaglandin E2 and I2 is Coupled with Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Follicular Dendritic Cells

조화정,조규봉,최종선,김진이 대한면역학회 2011 Immune Network Vol.11 No.6

Background: Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells,we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods: To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to PGE2 and PGI2 production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results: Both PGE2and PGI2 productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion: The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.

저수온기 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 사료 내 가수분해 혈분(Hydrolyzed Blood Meal)의 이용성 평가

임종호,고대현,조화정,이경준 한국수산과학회 2023 한국수산과학회지 Vol.56 No.4

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with two different types of hydrolyzed blood meal (HBM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and innate immunity of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A control diet (Con) consisting of 60% fish meal was formulated and four diets containing two different types of HBM at varying concentrations were prepared 2.5 and 5.0% liquid HBM (L2.5 and L5.0) and 0.5 and 1.0% powdered HBM (P0.5 and P1.0). A total of 450 olive flounder (average body weight: 50±0.07 g) were distributed in 15 tanks (240 L), with three replicate groups per diet. The fish were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 9 weeks and subsequently exposed to Edwardsiella tarda. The results showed that fish fed L2.5, L5.0 and P0.5 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to those fed the Con and P1.0 diets. During the challenge test against E. tarda, the L5.0 and P0.5 fish groups exhibited higher disease resistance than that of the Con group. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with HBM could positively effect the innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder.

Streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨병성 Zucker 랫드 정자의 특성

전용필(Yong-Pil Cheon),조화정(Hwa-Jeong Cho),김길수(Kil-Soo Kim) 한국실험동물학회 1998 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.14 No.1

Active immunization using dendritic cells mixed with tumor cells inhibits the growth of Lymphoma

박진희,김상희,서철원,양제훈,박정선,조화정,김효정,김태원,이제환,김성배,김상위,이규형,이정신,김우건 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.57 No.-

여성 우울장애 환자의 정확한 진단을 도울 수 있는 뇌파 특징을 이용한 머신러닝 기반 컴퓨터 보조 진단 시스템 개발

이지원(Ji-Won Lee),홍승용(Seung-Yong Hong),심미선(Miseon Shim),황한정(Han-Jeong Hwang) 한국정보기술학회 2021 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2021 No.11

본 연구에서는 신경생리학적인 특징을 잘 반영하는 뇌파 기반 생체지표를 이용하여 여성 주요우울장애의 진단을 도와줄 수 있는 기계학습 기반 컴퓨터 보조 진단 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 안정상태 뇌파 기반의 서로 다른 세 개의 생체지표(주파수 스펙트럼 밀도, 위상 동기화 지수, 및 뇌-네트워크 인덱스)를 센서 및 신호원 수준에서 추출하여 특징으로 사용하였고, 분류를 위하여 서포트 벡터 머신 분류기와 leave-one-out 교차 검증을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 9개의 센서 수준의 주파수 스펙트럼 밀도 특징을 사용하였을 때 84.69%의 높은 진단 성능을 확인하였다. 앞으로 딥러닝 알고리즘을 적용하여 본 진단 시스템의 진단 성능 및 효율성을 향상시킬 예정이다. The aim of study is to develop a resting-state electroencephalography (EEG)-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for assisting accurate diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients using machine-learning methods. To this end, we extracted three different types of features (power spectrum density, phase locking value, and network indices) in sensor- and source-level, respectively, using resting-state eyes-closed state EEG data. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to differentiate 49 MDD patients and 49-matched healthy controls with leave-one-out cross-validation method. As a result, we achieved the best classification accuracy of 84.69 % using 9 sensor-level PSD features when differentiating MDD patients and healthy controls. In the future study, we will attempt to improve not only classification performances but also the efficiency the CAD system by applying deep-learning algorithms.

제대혈의 적혈구 제거 방법에 관한 연구 : 제대혈 은행 설립을 위한 기초 연구 Basic Study for the Establishment of Cord Blood Bank

김효정,서철원,김상희,김상위,김성배,김강욱,조화정,민영주,박진희,김암,이인식,이필량,지현숙,서종진,강위창,이정신,김우건 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.1

배경:제대혈에서 적혈구를 제거하는 것은 제대혈 은행의 효율적인 운영 및 제대혈이식시 ABO 부적합 수혈, DMSO 독성 등의 부작용을 해결하기 위한 이상적인 방법이다. 저자들은 동일한 제대혈로 여러가지 적혈구 제거법을 동시에 시행하여, 이들에서 CD34양성 세포의 수득률 및 조혈세포 집락형성능을 비교하여 제대혈 은행 설립의 기반 기술을 확립하고자 하였다. 방법:제왕절개 직후 헤파린 처리된 용기에 제대혈을 채취하였다. 제대혈은 5개의 용기에 분산하여 실온에서 보관하였고 12시간 이내에 적혈구를 분리하였다. 적혈구 제거 방법으로 Ficoll 비중 분리법, gelatin 침전법, 적혈구 용혈법, starch 침전법을 각각의 제대혈에서 시행하였다. 전혈과 적혈구가 제거된 제대혈에서의 세포 생존율, 적혈구 제거율과 단핵구 및 CD34양성 세포의 수득률, 조혈세포 집락형성능을 비교 분석하였다. 결과:18례에서의 평균 제대혈 채취양은 81.3 mL(범위 42~128 mL)이었다. 서로 다른 적혈구 제거법들간에 세포 생존률과 적혈구 제거율은 차이가 없었다. 단핵구 수득률은 3% gelatin침전법(47.7±14.5%)이 다른 적혈구 제거법보다 유의하게 높았다. 3% gelatin침전법은 Ficoll비중 분리법과 Starch침전법에 비해 CD34 양성 세포수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(36.1±5.4×10³/mL, 15.0±3.5×10³/mL, 20.7±4.2×10³/mL). 또한 CFC의 집락수도 3% gelatin침전법에서 Ficoll 비중 분리법과 적혈구 용혈법에 비해 우수한 결과를 보였다(52.0±7.1×10²/mL, 32.8±4.7×10²/mL, 36.8±5.7×10²/mL). 그러나 제대혈 전혈의 CD34 양성 세포수(65.7±11.2×10³/mL) 및 CFC의 집락수(117.8±15.8×10²/mL)를 적혈구 제거법을 이용한 실험군과 비교하였을 때 전혈군에서 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론:3% gelatin 침전법은 다른 적혈구 제거법과 비교해 볼 때 더 우수한 단핵구, CD34 양성 세포 수득률 및 조혈세포 집락형성능을 보였다. 그러나 다른 보고들과는 달리 3% gelatin 침전법은 CD34양성 세포 및 CFC 집락수의 절대값이 제대혈 전혈과 비교하여 의미있게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 시약의 종류와 실험방법의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 사료되며, 최상의 세포 수득률을 얻기 위하여 적혈구 분리 방법의 표준화를 위한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. Background:Efficient volume reduction is important to make a cost-effective umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking system. The aim of this study was to find a method of red cell depletion of UCB without major losses of the hematopoietic progenitor-CD34+ cells. Methods:Eighteen cord blood samples were collected in heparinized bottle immediately after Cesarean section. Five aliquots of each cord blood were stored at room temperature and processed within 12 hours. We used 4 different RBC depletion methods (Ficoll density gradient separation, gelatin sedimentation, red cell lysis, starch sedimentation) and compared the results of viability, RBC reduction rate, mononuclear cell (MNC) recovery rate, CD34+ cells and colony forming unit (CFC).Results: The mean collected cord blood volume was 81.3 mL (range 42~128 mL). There were no differences of viability and RBC reduction rate among groups. MNC recovery rate were significantly higher in gelatin group (47.7±14.5%) than other RBC depletion methods. Gelatin group had significantly higher CD34+ cell count than Ficoll and starch group (36.1±5.4×10³/mL, 15.0±3.5×10³/mL, 20.7±4.2×10³/mL) and higher CFC count than Ficoll and RBC lysis group (52.0±7.1×10²/mL, 32.8±4.7×10²/mL, 36.8±5.7×10²/mL). But the results of CD34+ cell count (65.7±11.2×10³/mL) and CFC count (117.8±15.8×10²/mL) of untreated control group are significantly higher than those of all other treated groups. Conclusion:Umbilical cord blood processed with 3% gelatin sedimentation has higher recovery rate of MNC, CD34+, cell and CFC than other groups. Unlike other reports, the absolute numbers of CD34+ cell and CFC count of 3% gelatin sedimentation method are significantly lower than those of untreated control group. Different laboratory processes with gelatin could be one cause of these differences, a study for standardized laboratory methods should be established to obtain higher recovery rate of hematopoietic cells after RBC depletion.