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The Politics of Constitution-Making During the 1987 Democratic Transition in South Korea
조정관 한국학술연구원 2004 Korea Observer Vol.35 No.2
This paper traces how the current Korean constitution of 1987 came into being. It first reviews the context of the constitution-making politics, including the path of negotiated democratic transition, South Koreas tradition of paradoxical constitutionalism, and the situations of extra-political actors -- the military, labor, and the opposition movement. The context helped essentially conservative political parties dominate the constitution-making process. Second, this article details the dynamic process of constitution negotiation by the two major political parties. Two points are notable regarding the negotiated 1987 constitution: it extensively incorporated the Third Republic constitution; and, as a patchwork of compromises, it failed to innovate and balance power among government branches. Third, causes of success in negotiating the constitution are discussed. The paper closes by delineating the constitutions acutely apparent problems.
조정관,박민호,최승영 한국국토정보공사 2013 지적과 국토정보 Vol.43 No.1
In this paper, the effective convergence methodology of spatial data for establishing 3-Dimensional model on the basis of cadastral concept and state-of-the-art surveying techniques were proposed, and also the possibility of its sharing with diverse fields was suggested. The original data which were observed through Terrestrial Laser Scanner(TLS), Airborne Lidar, Mobile Mapping System(MMS), Terrestrial Photogrammetry, Multi Looking Aerial Photogrammetry, which are introduced as one of the latest surveying methods, were compared with the coordinates of check-points from Total station(T/S). As a result of evaluation from TLS and MMS, it was satisfied with their tolerance, that is, the horizontal location error in numeric areas(0.1m) and the standard deviation of altitude point(0.15m). In case of Airborne Lidar, the vertical error were satisfied but horizontal location ones not. Building model created by cadastral survey was suitable for the resolution of outer wall's location and shape, but the data of building's roof could not be created. On the other hand, in case of building model on the basis of Aerial Photogrammetry, the resolution of building roof's shape was satisfied but its location and shape of outer wall were not. Moreover, in order to be satisfied with the precision of location and format based on cadastral surveys, four optimal convergence models which are consisting of a TLS on the basis of land surveying, building outer wall model created with terrestrial photometry surveying, Airborne LiDAR surveying a roof model create by a multi looking aerial photogrammetry, were proposed for the utilization of various fields. 본 연구는 지적을 기반으로 최신 측량 기법을 이용해 3차원 건물 모형 구축에 가장 효율적인 공간 자료 융합 기법을 제시하고, 이를 다양한 분야에 적용하기 위한 가능성을 제시했다. 최근 최신 측량 기법으로 대두되고 있는 지상LiDAR, 항공LiDAR, MMS, 지상사진측량, 다방향 항공사진측량으로 취득된 원시 데이터를 토털스테이션으로 취득된 검사점 좌표와 비교했다. 지상LiDAR, MMS는 경계점좌표시행지역의 수평위치 오차인 0.1m와 1/1000 수치지도 작성 작업 내규의 표고점에 대한 표준 편차 0.15m를 만족했으며, 항공LiDAR는 수평위치 오차를 벗어나지만 수직 오차는 만족하는 결과를 나타내었다. 지상측량 기반으로 생성된 건물 모형은 외벽의 위치 세밀도와 형태 세밀도를 만족했으나 건물 지붕의 데이터를 생성할 수 없었으며, 또한 항공측량 기반으로 생성된 건물 모형은 건물 지붕의 형태 세밀도는 만족했으나, 건물 외벽의 위치 세밀도와 형태 세밀도를 만족시킬 수 없었다. 지적측량의 위치와 형태 정확도를 만족시키기 위해 지상LiDAR와 지상사진으로 측량된 건물 외벽 모형과 항공LiDAR와 다방향 항공사진으로 측량된 지붕 모형을 융합해 건물 모형을 구축하고 다양한 분야에 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 최적의 융합모형 4가지를 제시했다.