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조운조(Cho Un-Jo) 한국국악교육학회 2007 국악교육 Vol.25 No.-
The Worshipful Rite for Heavens(天祭) in the Chosun dynasty changed according to the contents of the rite and the music used in the rite. There had been the Worshipful Rite for Heavens before the Chosun dynasty and the first this rite appeared was in the 19th year(B.C. 1) of king Yu-ree of the Koguryeo dynasty. However there was also the rite in Bek-jae dynasty but there are no music handed down today. The first record of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens in the Koryeo dynasty was the second year(A.D. 983) of king Song-jong period and the music used in this was the court music(A-ak 雅樂=Chinese music). In the beginning of the Chosun dynasty the Worshipful Rite for Heavens were held in common. Especially Won-gu rite(圓丘祭), in king Se-jo Chosun dynasty, was held in two big musical forms according to the Korean music history. One is, court music(A-ak Won-gu 雅樂圓丘) of『Shin Jae A-ak Bo(新制雅樂譜)』Which was performed through the 3rd year to the 10th year of King Se-jo, and the other one was the Sok-ak Won-gu(俗樂圓丘) in『Shin Jae Yak Jung Ak Bo(新製略定樂譜)』. This Sok-ak Won-gu musical melody was used in the Royal Ancestor’s Shrine Music(宗廟祭禮樂) but the scales are a bit different which are the Sol mode in E<SUP>♭</SUP>Key and La mode in E<SUP>♭</SUP> Key and only a few parts of the Royal Ancestor's Shrine Music was used in the Sok-ak Won-gu. In the future when the music of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens is restored in Korea the music has to be creative and not be influenced by the Chinese music as like A-ak Won-gu music. The mid period of the Chosun dynasty was a tough and disordered period and so the details and the form of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens changed. The title changes from Won-gu to Nam -dan(南壇) and it was held in a form of a ritual for rain. However a rite newly appeared in the king Suk-jong to thank Chinese emperor Sin-jong for helping Chosun in the Japanese invasion of Chosun in 1592, which had similarity of Won-gu. In the king Young-jo Daebodan(大報壇) was changed Whangdan(皇壇) rite for the Chinese emperor Sin-jong with Ue-jong and Tea-jo and was continued until the end of the Chosun Dynasty. And after the mid period of Chosun, the importance of the Worshipful Rite for Heavens was reduced, and was slowly disappeared around the king Jung-jo. Just for a while in the Worshipful Rite for Heavens was once again rebirth in period emperor Go-jong of Chosun dynasty but because of the disordered period they completely disappeared through today.