2024 민변의 창

조영선 민주사회를 위한 변호사모임 2024 민주사회를 위한 변론 Vol.117 No.0

Anionic Polymerization of Monomers Containing Photo-electronically Functional Groups (2)

조영선,김시우,조규진,이재석 한국고분자학회 1998 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1998 No.10

組織目標의 構造的 本質

趙永善 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Organizational goal is one of the most important subjects in organizational theories and practices. But there has still been confusions in the theory of organizational goals. In order to reduce those confusions, I was going to present a macro framework to theory of organizational goal by a normative approach. Organizational goal consists of the ideological and the concrete factual factors. In chapter 2, three major perspectives on the systems theory was investigated for the preliminary analysis of the organizational goal's ideological facet which was planned to be discussed in chapter 4. Chapter 3 was focused on developing the conceptual elements of goals in general and on delving into their structural interrelatedness. The means-ends chain is such a basical concept in this study that its structural hierarchy was intensively analyzed by several conceptual constructs previously developed in section 1 of this chapter. In chapter 4, the structural hierarchy of organizational goals based on the humanistic viewpoint was examined using the conceptual constructs analyzed in the foregone chapters. And normative functions of orgainzational goals to the organizational activities was also studied for the research cooperation with the behavioral approaches. I came to the conclusion that the establishment of the humanistic structure of organizational goals based upon the rational open system perspectives I highly desirable for the development of organization in theories as well as in practices.

企業利潤의 社會的 正當性에 관한 硏究

趙永善 서울市立大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Socially justifiable business profit is a prerequisite for the peaceful development of industrial society. But soicial justice has its origin in human sympathy and the intersubjectivity of social justice as sympathetic rationality is usually liable to be distorted or temporized by individual subjective rationality. So this paper tries to redefine some profit-related basic concepts in order to rectify those biased subjective viewpoints. Chapter 2 points out the controversial problems of current business profit and the preconditions of these problems' solution. And chapter 3 explains the problem-solving principles based upon General Systems Theory as follows; 1. the principle of innovation for efficient performance and surplus value 2. the principle of equivalent exchange for Gesellschaft 3. the principle of coexistence for Gemeinschaft 4. the eclecticism between equivalence and coexistence principle

메타버스에서의 디자인보호 ‒개정 화상디자인 제도의 공백을 감안하여‒

조영선 한국지식재산연구원 2023 지식재산연구 Vol.18 No.2

This article covers legal issues of design protection in metaverse. The discussions in this article also remind regulation deficiency of virtual design in the Design Protection Act. As metaverse rapidly is becoming a platform of daily life: business, study, leisure and social activity, the virtual reproductions of real world designs (hereinafter, “digital copy”) are increasing in parallel. Accordingly, the logic to extend design right protection of real world to digital copies in metaverse has become a pressing concern. However, it is risk-taking to change the whole framework of law to encompass “pure virtual images of imaginary products” as a subject matter of design. In order to provide protection to real world designs against illegal digital copies of them, it is commonly suggested to regulate digital copies of designs without consent as copyright infringement or unfair competition (theft of products of endeavors made by others). As detailed analysis shows all methods have endogenic limitations and theoretical shortage, law making to cope with inappropriate digital copy shall be a fundamental resolution. Although the amendment of the Design Protection Act is a direct and final countermeasure, it entails serious paradigm shifts and conflicts with conventional IP law regulations. To make a prudential access to this task, this article suggests a temporary legislative alternative: the amendment of “Shape-Imitation of Products of Others” clause in the Unfair Competition Act to encompass items related to digital copies. Digital images of products shall be a kind of “shape of goods” and its transfer on the Internet be a new type of exploitation. 이 글은 메타버스 환경에서의 디자인권 침해에 대한 대응방법을 개정 디자인법상 화상디자인 제도의 입법적 공백과 연결 지어 검토한다. 메타버스가상환경이 업무, 학업, 사교 및 각종 여가활동 등 점차 ‘일상생활’을 대체하는 역할을 수행하게 됨에 따라 일상의 디자인물품이나 디자인적 가치가 있는 건축물 등이 가상공간에서 재현되는 일이 많아지고, 동시에 그런 각도에서 디자인권자의 적절한 보호 필요성이 크게 증가하고 있다. 무엇보다, 디자인의 등록 적격을 디지털 이미지 전체로 확장하는 파괴적 변화까지는 피하면서 실물디자인의 권리범위를 가상공간으로 확대하는 방안이 필요하지만, 현행법 아래서는 이를 적절히 규율할 방법이 없다. 현재까지는 저작권법을적용하거나 부정경쟁방지법의 성과도용행위로 규율하는 등의 해결책이 시도되고 있으나, 법리상 중대한 한계와 문제점들을 내포하고 있다. 결국 이문제는 법 개정을 통해 해결하는 수밖에 없을 것이고, 이를 위해 디자인보호법을 개정하는 것을 검토할 필요가 있다. 디자인보호법의 개정은 문제를 정면에서 그리고 궁극적으로 해결하는 방법이지만, 기존의 패러다임을 크게변화시켜야 하고 다른 지적재산권법(특허, 실용신안, 상표 등)과의 정합성도 문제될 수 있으므로 신중한 접근이 필요하다. 이를 위한 충분한 논의와 검토, 그리고 입법적 합의가 이루어질 때까지 임시적 대안으로서, 부정경쟁방지법제2항 제2호 자.목 ‘상품형태 모방행위’의 상품 개념에 디지털 이미지를 포함하고 전기통신회선을 통해 제공하는 행위태양을 추가함으로써 합리적이고 무난한 해결이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Concatemer-Associated Transgene Expression Patterns in Transgenic Marine Medaka Oryzias dancena Strains

조영선,김동수,남윤권 한국수산과학회 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.1

To examine the interrelationship between transgenic insertion patterns and transgene expression profiles in established transgenic fish lines, four stable transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena germlines harboring β-actin regulator-driven RFP reporter constructs were selected. The established transgenic strains were characterized with regard to their transgenic genotypes (insertion pattern, concatemer formation, and transgene copy number based on genomic Southern blot hybridization and qPCR assay) and expression characteristics at the mRNA (qRT-PCR), protein (western blot), and phenotypic (fluorescent appearance) levels. From comparative examinations, it was found that transgenic expression at both the transcription and translation levels could be significantly downregulated in transgenic strains, potentially through methylation-mediated transgene silencing that was particularly associated with the formation of a long tail-to-head tandem concatemer in the chromosomal integration site(s). When this occurred, an inverse relationship between the transgene copy number and fluorescence intensity was observed in the resultant transgenic fish. However, with the other transgenic genotype, transgenic individuals with an identical Southern blot hybridization pattern, containing a tandem concatemer(s), had very different expression levels (highly robust vs. low expression strengths), which was possibly related to the differential epigenetic modifications and/or degrees of methylation. The concatemer-dependent downregulation of transgene activity could be induced in transgenic fish, but the overall pattern was strain-specific. Our data suggest that neither a low (or single) transgene copy number nor tandem transgene concatemerization is indicative of strong or silenced transgene expression in transgenic fish carrying a ubiquitous transgene. Hence, a sufficient number of transgenic lineages, with different genotypes, should be considered to ensure the establishment of the best-performance transgenic line(s) for practical applications.

특허권 간접침해로 인한 손해배상

조영선 사법발전재단 2016 사법 Vol.1 No.36

This article presents two perspectives on the issues concerning damage compensation for indirect infringement on patent. Unlike the U.S. and German patent laws, under which indirect infringement subsumes the supply of neutral or staple goods under certain subjective conditions, the Korean patent law limits the scope of indirect infringement to the supply of non-staple goods. Thus, it remains an open question whether the supplier of neutral or staple goods to a direct infringer may be held liable for aiding and abetting tort under the Civil Act. In addition to patent protection, another goal of the provision on indirect infringement under the Patent Act is to promote secure the legal status and transactional safety of third parties engaged in the manufacture and distribution of patent-related goods. As such, it is reasonable to deny supplementary tort liability of a supplier of neutral or staple goods. Under the legislative choice made in the Korean Patent Act, the supply of neutral or staple goods in the market as such is not a prohibited activity, hence, shall be deemed legitimate unless it entails an active solicitation of direct infringement. Germany and the U.S. is also in accord with this jurisprudence, under which the supply of goods not constituting an indirect infringement under the patent law is not held liable for aiding and abetting tort under the civil code. Meanwhile, depending on the subjective intent and the role played by the supplier of goods to a direct infringer, there is room for that third party to be held liable for co-conspiracy. Any involvement in aiding and abetting in the general sense, as opposed to in supply of goods, would leave the third party with no choice but to be held legally liable. As to damage compensation for infringement, it is necessary to review the applicable provisons and their legal effect by breaking them down into each type. There are two main categories of damage liability for indirect infringement: (a) several liability between the direct and indirect infringers; and (b) sole liability of the indirect infringer. Actual provisions applicable to the former is contingent upon whether the patentee exploits his/her invention in the market. The legal effect of the latter needs to be differentiated into cases in which the patentee and the indirect infringer competes around non-staple goods, on the one hand, and on the other, cases in which the patentee exploits the entire invention and the indirect infringer sells the non-staple goods. In setting the damages amount for indirect infringement, the application of Article 128 Paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Patent Act may leave room for an excessive compensation. However, this is something to be left up to the indirect infringer to resolve, by arguing and proving the grounds of exceptions under Article 128(2) of the Patent Act and the grounds of rebuttal of legal presumption of damages under Article 128(3) of the Patent Act. Such an interpretation is conducive to the legislative intent behind Article 128 of the Patent Act. 이 글은 간접침해로 인한 손해배상의 법률문제를 두 가지 측면에서 다룬다. 일정한 요건 아래 중성품이나 범용품의 제공행위 또한 간접침해로 포섭하고 있는 미국, 일본, 독일 등의 입법례와 달리 오로지 전용품의 공급만을 간접침해로 보고 있는 우리 특허법의 해석상 중성품이나 범용품 등 비 전용품을 제공하는 행위에 민법에 따라 방조책임을 물을 수 있는지가 문제 된다. 특허법의 간접침해 규정은 특허권 보호뿐 아니라 특허와 관련된 물건의 제조·유통에 관여하는 제3자의 법적 지위와 거래 안전을 도모한다는 목적도 있으므로 이는 원칙상 부정됨이 상당하다. 우리 특허법의 입법적 선택에 따르면 적극적인 침해의 교사(敎唆)가 수반되지 않는 한 중성품이나 범용품의 제공 자체는 금지되지 않는 행위여서 위법성이 없다고 보아야 하며, 독일과 미국에서도 특허법 상 간접침해를 구성하지 않는 물건 제공행위는 민법상 방조책임도 성립하지 않는 것으로 보고 있다. 한편 직접침해자에 대한 물건 제공행위는 제3자의 주관적 의사 및 행위분담에 따라 공모공동정범책임이 성립할 여지가 있고, 물건 제공형 방조가 아니고 ‘일반적 방조’행위를 한다면 그에 따른 법적 책임은 면할 수 없다. 간접침해로 인한 손해배상은 유형별로 적용법조와 법률효과를 세분하여 검토할 필요가 있으며, 간접침해자와 직접침해자가 연대책임을 지는 유형, 간접침해자가 단독책임을 지는 유형으로 대별된다. 전자는 특허권자가 발명을 실시하는지 여부에 따라 적용법조가 달라지고, 후자는 특허권자와 간접침해자가 전용품을 두고 경합하는 경우, 특허권자가 특허발명 전부를 실시하고 간접침해자가 전용품을 판매하는 경우 등으로 나누어 법률효과가 개별적으로 점검되어야 한다. 간접침해로 인한 손해배상액 산정에 특허법 제128조 제1, 3항을 적용함에 따라 구체적으로는 과잉배상의 여지가 발생하게 되지만 이는 간접침해자가 특허법 제128조 제2항의 예외사유 및 특허법 제128조 제3항의 추정 복멸 사유를 주장·입증하여 바로잡을 문제이며, 그것이 특허법 제128조를 둔 법 취지에 부합한다.

Hepatic Expression of Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Transcripts in Response to Acute Metal Exposure and Heat Stress in Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)

조영선,방인철,이일로,남윤권 한국수산과학회 2009 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.12 No.3

Hemibarbus mylodon (Cypriniformes) is an endemic freshwater fish species in the Korean peninsula, for which urgent conservation efforts are needed. To understand their stress responses in relation to metal toxicity and thermal elevation, we performed a real-time RT-PCR-based expression assay of hepatic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme, in response to experimental heavy metal exposure or heat treatment. The transcription of hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD was differentially modulated by acute exposure to Cu, cadmium (Cd), or Zn. Exposure to each metal at 5 μM for 24 h revealed that Cu stimulated the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD to a greater extent than the other two heavy metals. The elevation in Cu/Zn-SOD transcripts in response to Cu exposure was dose-dependent (0.5 to 5 μM). Time course analysis of Cu/Zn-SOD expression in response to Cd exposure (5 μM) revealed a transient pattern up to day 7. Exposure to thermal stress (an increase from 22 to 30°C at a rate of 1°C/h followed by 30°C for 18 h) did not significantly alter SOD transcription, although heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90) transcription was positively correlated with an increase in temperature.

Photorefractive Properties in Crosslinked Polymer Syntem

조영선,조규진,이재석 한국고분자학회 1998 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1998 No.4

행동훈련을 통한 정보제공이 비진정 상부위장관 내시경검진자의 불안과 불편감에 미치는 영향

조영선,여정희 한국자료분석학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.17 No.4

The study was designed to examine the effects of information and behavioural training on anxiety and discomfort in clients undergoing an endoscopy procedure. The control group in our study consisted of 34 who received a 5 min preparation with sensory and procedural information and sequence of events associated with endoscopy. The experimental group consisted of 35 who received 7-10 min preparation with sensory and procedural information and sequence of event associated with endoscopy, in addition, instruction in deep exercises, tongue depressor task and swallowing technique. A significant differences in the state anxiety (p=.003), objective (p<.001) and subjective (p<.001) discomfort were found between the experimental and control group. Sensory and procedural information and behavioural training to provide the clients before endoscopy were useful in lessening their anxiety and discomfort. Therefore, it could be useful in the nursing practice. 본 연구는 행동훈련을 통한 정보제공이 비진정 상부위장관 내시경 검진자의 불안과 불편감에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 비동등성 대조군 전후 시차설계의 유사실험연구이다. 연구대상은 B시 소재 G병원 내시경센터에서 진단을 목적으로 한 검진자 69명으로 행동훈련을 통한 정보제공을 받은 실험군 35명과, 정보제공만을 받은 대조군 34명으로 편의표집 하였다. 자료수집은 일반적 특성과 상태불안을 사전 조사하였고, 상부위장관 내시경 검사 직전에 상태불안을 조사하였으며, 검진 중에는 객관적 불편감을 관찰 측정하였고, 검진 후에는 주관적 불편감을 측정하였다. 자료는 기술통계와 카이제곱검정, t-검정, Mann-Whitney 검정, Wilcoxon 부호순위검정으로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 실험군과 대조군의 상태불안(U=345.00, p=.003)과 객관적 불편감(U=282.50 p<.001), 주관적 불편감(U=133.50, p<.001)은 차이를 보였다. 따라서 행동훈련을 통한 정보제공은 비진정 상부위장관 내시경 검진자의 상태불안을 완화하였고, 주관적 불편감과 객관적 불편감을 감소시키므로 임상실무에서 적용될 수 있는 효과적인 중재로 확인되었다.