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조성산(Cho Sung san) 경인교육대학교 기전문화연구소 2008 기전문화연구 Vol.34 No.-
김창협은 훗날 낙론계의 종장으로 인식되면서 그의 사유는 노론 전반에 중요한 영향을 끼쳤다. 김창협 학문의 형성과점을 살펴보면 우선 김상헌・송시열을 통해서 주자학과 의리학 학풍에, 나성두・조성기・이단상을 통하여 邵雍 象數學의 학문성향에, 중국으로부터 전래된 서적들을 통하여 최신 중국 학술동향에 영향을 받았다. 이러한 것이 종합되어 김창협의 학문이 형성될 수 있었다. 이처럼 김창협의 사유 형성에는 다양한 연원들이 존재했으며, 그것은 김창협의 학문이 복합적이고 다층적이게 된 주요 원인이었다. 김창협의 성리학은 이기론과 지각론으로 대별할 수 있다. 그는 기존의 학설을 비판하면서 이기와 심성의 관계를 재정립하였다. 이를 통해서 새로운 인간관을 세웠다. 이는 기존의 보수적인 입장을 견지하면서도 새로운 변화에 적응하고자 하는 문제의식 속에서 나왔다. 이러한 김창협의 학풍은 그의 학문이 가졌던 다층성을 말해 준다. 이러한 다층적인 김창협의 학문은 현실인식에도 반영되었다. 단선적인 반청 분위기가 팽배해 있었던 시대에 오랑캐가 밉다고 해서 중국에 남아있는 중화의 여풍까지 버려서는 안된다는 18세기 후반 북학론과 흡사한 주장을 펼치기도 하였다. 또한 봉건・군현제 논의를 통해서 국정운영의 입장도 보여주었다. 그는 봉건제를 私로, 군현제를 公으로 규정하였으며 군현제가 가지고 있었던 현명한 인재 등용의 측면에 주목하였다. When seen from ongm of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup, we can find out what kind of factors have affected formation of his academic world. He had been affected by the doctrines[teachings] of Chu Hsi and the doctrines[teachings] of Ui-Ri義理 through academic trend of Kim, Sang-Hun and Song, Shi-Yeol, and by Shao Yung s Learning of Images and Numbers through that of Na, Seong-Doo · Cho, Sung-Gi·Lee, Dan-Sang. The books handed over to Korea from China had influenced formation of his own world of Kim, Chang- Hyup. These had become part of his own academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup. Kim, Chang-Hyup criticized Yi yi李珥 s theory of li-tong-gi-guk 理通氣局 and emphasized the meaning of li理 in yi-gi theory. Through this work, he also raised the view of human nature as fundamentally good 性善 and tried to explain various figures of human beings in multiple angles. In the theory of consciousness of Shirni心, he criticized both Buddhism and the doctrines of Wang Yangming陽明學 based upon the principle of division of Shim心· Seong性, with an intention of ensuring a space of Shim and raising the values of Shim. This multiple layer of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup was reflected in the recognition of reality. He also proposed a theory identical to Northern Leaming in the latter half of 18th century with tight atmosphere of anti-Qing dynasty spirit throughout the nation. In addition, he showed his position over national operation with feudal(Ponggŏn封建) and counties·prefectures(Gunhyun郡縣) System discussion and proposed a direction of statecraft through Gyu-Mo-Chaek規模策.
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조성산,박승호,Cho, Sung-San,Park, Seung-Ho 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.26 No.11
Finite element technique considering adhesive forces is proposed and applied to analyze the behavior of elastic hemispherical asperity adhesively contacting the plane surface of semi -infinite rigid body. It is demonstrated that the finite element model simulates interfacial phenomena such as jump -to-contact and adhesion hysteresis that cannot be simulated with the currently available adhesive contact continuum models. This simulation aiso provides valuable information on contact pressure, contact region and stress distributions. This technique is anticipated to be utilized in designing a low-adhesion surface profile for MEMS/NEMS applications since various contact geometries can be analyzed with this technique.
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18세기 영남 남인 大山學派의 心無出入 논쟁과 그 사회적 의미
趙成山(Cho, Sung-san) 역사교육연구회 2021 역사교육 Vol.160 No.-
This article investigates the social significance of the debate about “Sim mu churip,” the idea that the heart-mind neither leaves nor enters the body within the Daesan school in the eighteenth century. The main point of discussion was whether the heart-mind (Sim, 心) was only inside the body or whether it could extend outside of it. This Neo-Confucian debate in the Daesan school had important social significance beyond the theoretical concerns. The argument that the heart-mind is restricted to the body gradually became dominant, a development that was closely related to the social status of the southerners of Yeongnam region. Those who argued that the heart-mind is only in the body thought that the heart-mind was inside the body and grasped the outside and that it could not go out of the body and merge with the outside. I argue that the contention that the Sim must be in our body was more persuasive to the intellectuals among the southerners who were defeated in the Yeongnam region after Yi In-jwa’s rebellion of 1728. From this perspective, the argument that the Sim is only in our body was a Neo-Confucian metaphor for the social position of the southerners of Yeongnam region at the time. This belief separated nature and human beings by dividing the inside and the outside and, in the process, led to the idea of distinguishing people from animals and plants and an emphasis on the difference between the physical heart and other organs in the human body.
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조성산(Cho Sung-San) 호서사학회 2010 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.56
Jung, In Bo was mostly devoted to doing research on national studies(國學) while being affected by the trend of modern nationalism such as Zhang Byung-rin, Yang, Gye-cho, Wang Yang-myung, etc. But he also had a learning background centered upon Soron(少論)'s academic tradition. To completely understand his national studies, we have to grasp the meaning of unique learning system of Soron and Sobuk(小北) political faction in the latter half of Chos?n Dynasty. Among a great number of scholars of the Chinese classics with background of traditional learning, his learning background couldn't be ignored that had led Jung, In Bo to successful performance. Even though Soron's learning system related to modern national studies was not bigger than that of Japan, it had many functions in common that could be united into discourse about modern nationalism that emphasized the nation. Soron's learning system focused upon issues of national territory, righteousness between sovereign and subject. keeping up with respecting national order. In addition, even though it was different from the goal in modern times, it did research on Hunminjeongeum(Korean Alphabet), while making the society develop ideology of unification using tangpyung(蕩平) policy. This kind of learning background enabled Jung, In Bo to successfully respond to contemporary intellectual trend changed at the time as a scholar of the Chinese classics. I assume that academic tradition of Soron faction played a significant role in his absorbing research tradition of study of culture and heritage of the country of China and Japan. The purpose of this study is to find out medieval possibilities of modern nationalism that were shown in the learning of Soron and investigate how it was changed and inherited to Jung, In Bo. From the viewpoint of Jung, In Bo, I believe that he tried to design 'nation state' that played the most important factor in the formation of modern nation and gain independence more than anything else. That's the reason which he paid attention to separating his side from others. In that way of his separation of his side from others, he was committed to carrying out a clear historic task that he should protect Korean nation of a historic community from the Japanese control. That point was the place which he changed medieval studying of Soron faction into modern national studies.
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