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국내 반복입원의 현황과 환자 특성: 외래진료 민감질환을 중심으로
정혜민,김현주,이진용 한국의료질향상학회 2021 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Purpose: Repeated hospitalization could be a proxy of unnecessary or preventive admission in South Korea where barriers to hospitalization are relatively low. This study aimed to estimate the current status of repeated hospitalization due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) in South Korea. Methods: Using the National Health Information Database, repeated hospitalization databases were constructed in units of episodes for patients who had been admitted more than twice between January 2017 and December 2018. The number of hospitalizations, total in-hospital days, and total medical expenditure were calculated and compared by patient characteristics in both of the entire patient group and the ACSC patient group. Results: Of total hospitalization episodes, 26.6% reported repeated admission, and 6.7% of repeated hospitalization was due to ACSC. A total of 183,110 patients with ACSC had been admitted an average of 2.9 times and spent an average of KRW5,630,118. In other words, KRW1,309 billion had been spent for repeated hospitalization due to ACSC. The scale of medical expenditure was relatively large in the highest and lowest socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Repeated hospitalization for ACSC can be considered a simple and intuitive indicator when assessing unnecessary hospitalizations or evaluating healthcare policy.
정혜민,이수영,김경한 현대영어교육학회 2014 현대영어교육 Vol.15 No.3
The purpose of this study is to develop cultural dialogues based on the script theorywhich, as an example of schema, describes the appropriate procedure of events in aparticular context. For this study, the research procedure is as follows. First, the currentEnglish curriculum was outlined and the dialogues in current textbooks were analyzedwith a focus on the script theory. Second, free description survey experiments wereconducted to compare scripts that were described by both Korean students and nativespeakers of English. Third, based on the survey results, script-based cultural dialogueswere developed. Fourth, seven teachers evaluated the dialogues and a pilot study lessonwas implemented. Finally, the dialogues were corrected and edited according to thefeedback received from the teachers. This study found that the scripts made by Koreanstudents and native speakers are different due to cultural differences. Therefore,dialogues in the textbook should be developed by focusing on these culturally differentparts of the script. This study provides a sample model of the development of culturaldialogues based on the script theory.
PVdF 나노섬유와 Graphene Oxide 하이브리드막에 관한 연구
정혜민,진유동,변홍식,양우석 한국막학회 2013 멤브레인 Vol.23 No.3
본 연구는 microfiltration (MF) 적용을 위한 PVdF/GO 하이브리드 나노섬유막(FG) 제조에 관한 것이다. 지지체인 PVdF (polyvinylidene difluoride) 나노섬유막은 N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc)와 아세톤에 PVdF를 녹여 방사용액 제조 후 전기방사법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 GO (grapheme oxide) sheets는 Hummer’s 방법에 따라 제조되었으며, PVdF 나노섬유 지지체 위에 에탄올에 분산시킨 GO용액을 분사함으로써, 최종적으로 PVdF/GO 하이브리드 나노섬유막(FG)을 제조하였다. FG막은 SEM, Raman, 접촉각, 기공특성분석장치(Porometer), 만능인장시험기(UTM)를 사용하여 조사하였고, 수투과도 분석은 제작된 셀(Dead-End Cell)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 접촉각 측정 결과로부터 제조된 FG막의 표면이 친수성으로 개질되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 수투과도값은 PVdF막에 비해 약 2.5배 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Recently, many applications with grapheneoxide (GO) have been reported. But GO membrane for water treatment has not been developed. In this study we prepared polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) nanofiber/GO hybrid membrane (FG) for the microfiltration application. The PVdF substrate membrane was prepared by using the electrospinning method with a solution of PVdF in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and acetone. GO sheets used in this study were prepared by modified Hummer’s method. The PVdF/GO hybrid membrane was finally prepared by spraying the GO solution dispersed in ethanol on the PVdF nanofiber. The successfully prepared FG was thoroughly examined by SEM, Raman, contact angle, porometer and UTM, and water-flux was measured with designed cell (Dead-End Cell). From the contact angle results, it was found that the surface of FG membrane was reformed by hydrophilic property and the water permeability was increased about 2.5 times than that of the nascent PVdF membrane, indicating the possible alternative of the commercial MF membrane.
광효율 향상을 위해 유기발광 소자에 적용된 고굴절 산란층에 대한 연구
정혜민,곽진석 한국물리학회 2016 새물리 Vol.66 No.5
In this paper, we propose an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure with a high-refractive-index scattering layer to improve the OLED's external light efficiency. The light generated from the emitting layer is trapped partially in the hole transport layer (HTL) by total reflection, and the remaining light passes through the glass substrate and meets an air layer, where more light undergoes total reflection. Owing to these, OLED's efficiency is reduced by more than 50%. In order to decrease the reduction in the efficiency caused by the total reflection, we change the path of light to the air layer to a more normal direction. To change the light path, we use micro-sized SiO$_{2}$ particles which play the role of a kind of lens. Furthermore, so as to change more clearly the path of the light, we use a high-refractive-index material (TiO$_{2}$) around the SiO$_{2}$ particles. When the efficiency of a conventional OLED is compared to that of the OLED with a high-refractive-index scattering layer for which the ratio of SiO$_{2}$ particle to the high-refractive-index material (TiO$_{2}$) is 1 : 3, the efficiency of the latter is found to be increased by about 24.12%. 본 연구는 유기발광 소자의 낮은 외부 광 효율을 향상시키기 위해 굴절 산란 층이 적용된 유기 발광 소자 구조를 제안한다. 일반적으로 유기 발광 층에서 발생된 빛은 정공수송층에서 굴절률의 차이로 일부 전반사가 일어나게 되고 나머지 유리기판을 지나가는 빛은 공기층에서 많은 전반사를 겪게 된다. 이로 인해 유기발광 소자는 필연적으로 50% 이상의 효율의 감소를 수반하게 된다. 이런 전반사로 인한 손실을 줄이기 위해 공기층으로 나가는 빛의 경로를 바꾸어 줄 필요성이 제기되는데 본 연구에서는 공기층으로 나가는 빛의 경로를 변경시키기 위해 렌즈작용을 하는 마이크로 크기의 SiO$_{2}$ 산란입자를 사용하였고 보다 확실한 경로 변경을 할 수 있도록 SiO$_{2}$ ($n$ = 1.5) 산란입자 주변을 고굴절 물질인 TiO$_{2}$로 도포하여 광효율 향상을 최대화하였다. 기존의 구조와 고굴절-산란층이 삽입된 광소자 구조를 실험으로 측정 비교해본 결과 기존구조에선 전압 16 cd/cm$^{2}$일 때 휘도가 4.95 lm/W인 반면 고굴절-산란층이 도입된 소자인 경우 6.14 lm/W를 가져 24.12%의 효율이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.
정혜민,도영경,김윤,노준수 대한예방의학회 2014 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.47 No.6
Objectives: This study aimed to test our hypothesis that a raise in the emergency fee implemented on March 1, 2013 has increased the proportion of patients with emergent symptoms by discouraging non-urgent emergency department visits. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 728 736 patients registered in the National Emergency Department Information System who visited level 1 and level 2 emergency medical institutes in the two-month time period from February 1, 2013, one month before the raise in the emergency fee, to March 31, 2013, one month after the raise. A difference-in-difference method was used to estimate the net effects of a raise in the emergency fee on the probability that an emergency visit is for urgent conditions. Results: The percentage of emergency department visits in urgent or equivalent patients increased by 2.4% points, from 74.2% beforeto 76.6% after the policy implementation. In a group of patients transferred using public transport or ambulance, who were assumedto be least conscious of cost, the change in the proportion of urgent patients was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the probability that a group of patients directly presenting to the emergency department by private transport, assumed to be most conscious of cost, showed a 2.4% point increase in urgent conditions (p<0.001). This trend appeared to be consistent across the level 1 and level 2 emergency medical institutes. Conclusions: A raise in the emergency fee implemented on March 1, 2013 increased the propoEmergency fee, Hospital emergency service, Overcrowding, Difference-in-differencertion of urgent patients in the total emergency visits by reducing emergency department visits by non-urgent patients. Objectives: This study aimed to test our hypothesis that a raise in the emergency fee implemented on March 1, 2013 has increased the proportion of patients with emergent symptoms by discouraging non-urgent emergency department visits. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 728 736 patients registered in the National Emergency Department Information System who visited level 1 and level 2 emergency medical institutes in the two-month time period from February 1, 2013, one month before the raise in the emergency fee, to March 31, 2013, one month after the raise. A difference-in-difference method was used to estimate the net effects of a raise in the emergency fee on the probability that an emergency visit is for urgent conditions. Results: The percentage of emergency department visits in urgent or equivalent patients increased by 2.4% points, from 74.2% beforeto 76.6% after the policy implementation. In a group of patients transferred using public transport or ambulance, who were assumedto be least conscious of cost, the change in the proportion of urgent patients was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the probability that a group of patients directly presenting to the emergency department by private transport, assumed to be most conscious of cost, showed a 2.4% point increase in urgent conditions (p<0.001). This trend appeared to be consistent across the level 1 and level 2 emergency medical institutes. Conclusions: A raise in the emergency fee implemented on March 1, 2013 increased the proportion of urgent patients in the total emergency visits by reducing emergency department visits by non-urgent patients.
전문가 설문조사를 통한 국내 성능위주설계 개선 방향설정에 관한 연구
정혜민,홍원화,손종영,전규엽 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.34 No.2
In recent years, as the development of construction technology and population increase, buildings are becoming more complex and high-rise. These large scale buildings are difficult to secure fire and evacuation safety when fire occurs. So it is necessary to prepare specific measures. According to this situation, in 2011, Republic of Korea officially launched Performance-based Design in 「Fire-fighting system Installationbusiness Act」. But even 6 years passed since the enforcement, there are still faces manifold problems in the course of implementation. In order to examine the necessary improvements, in this study, I conducted interviews and questionnaires with experts, investigated theimprovement items under current laws. And draw up a measures for that items. The subjects of the survey were fire-fighting officer,professional engineer fire fighting, fire protection planner and professor in Daegu. As a result of twice surveys, a total of 19 items arederived. And then compared and analyzed the criteria of overseas countries, and suggested improvement directions for final items. In addition,conducted a third questionnaire survey on the proposed improvement direction to verify the appropriateness of the alternative. The results ofthis study will be used as basic data to deal with the general problems of performance-based design in future, and further study on eachitem will be needed. 최근 건축기술의 발달과 인구의 증가에 따라 건축물이 복합화 및 초고층화 되어가고 있다. 이러한 대규모 건축물은 화재가 발생했을 때 소방 및 피난 안전성의 확보가 어려워 구체적인 대책 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 그에 따라, 대한민국은 2011년부터 정식으로 소방방재청에서 「소방시설등의성능위주설계방법및기준」을 고시하여 성능위주설계를 실시하고 있다. 하지만 실시한 지 6년이 지났음에도, 여전히 시행하는 과정에서 개선이 필요한 사항이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 사항을 조사하기 위해 본 연구에서는 전문가 인터뷰 및 설문조사를 실시하여, 현행 법규 상의 개선항목을 조사하고, 그 항목에 대한 방안을 도출하고자 한다. 설문조사 대상은 대구 소재의 소방 공무원, 소방 기술사 및 설계 관련업체 대표, 교수 등으로 구성하였다. 2차례의 설문조사 결과, 총 19개의 항목이 도출되었다. 해외의 기준을 비교 및 분석하여, 최종 도출된 항목에 대한 개선방향을 제시하였다. 그리고 제시하는 개선방향에 대해 추가적으로 3차 설문조사를 실시하여 해당 대안의 적절성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후 성능위주설계의 전반적인 문제점을 다루는 기초자료로 쓰일 것이고, 각 항목에 대한 추가적인 자세한 연구가 필요할 것이다.
서비스직 유무에 따른 아르바이트 종사자 대학생의 자가구취인식도가 구강보건관리실천도에 미치는 영향
정혜민,조한아,정성균,김아영,김예린,김유림,이예진,이은아,정민주,임도선 대한치과위생학회 2019 대한치위생과학회지 Vol.2 No.2
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-perception of halitosis on oral health behaviors of college students according to whether they worked in a non-service or service-related job. Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire of 150 university students working in service jobs and 150 university students working in non-service jobs in the metropolitan area was conducted from 26th April to 5th May 2018. The survey tool consisted of 3 general topic areas. There were 5 questions on oral health awareness behavior, 3 questions related to their self-perception of halitosis, and 8 questions on their oral health care practice. All were measured on the Likert 5-point scale. The frequency of their oral health behaviors and their self-perception of halitosis were analyzed according to the subjects’ occupation. Pearson’s correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis were conducted to confirm the influence of the two. The significance level for the statistical significance test was set to α = 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: In both the service and non-service groups, a coated tongue and food debris were found to influence halitosis(x2=10.95, p=0.027). According to the t-test, taking into account the self-perception of halitosis and oral health behaviors, both were higher in those that had a service job. Self-perception of halitosis and oral health behaviors were found to have a negative correlation(γ=-0.11, p<0.05). As the self-perception of halitosis increased, oral health care practices also increased(Beta=-0.185, p=0.020). Conclusions: Systematic interventions such as oral health programs and health promotion are needed to improve the oral health of service workers.
조현병 환자와 건강한 대조군에서 성별에 따른 뇌파 동시성의 차이
정혜민,이유상,김성수,김성균,정재승,오진석,이승연,김범준,장재승,Jung, Hye Min,Lee, Yu Sang,Kim, Seongsu,Kim, Seongkyun,Jeong, Jaeseung,Oh, Jin-Seok,Lee, Seungyeoun,Kim, Bum Joon,Chang, Jae Seung 대한생물정신의학회 2013 생물정신의학 Vol.20 No.4
Objectives Alteration of epigenetic effects of testosterone during early development was suggested as an ancillary mechanism for the genesis of schizophrenia. EEG coherence was thought to be a marker for cerebral laterality of which important determinant was testosterone during early development. We studied sex-related differences of EEG coherences between patients with schizophrenia and controls to examine the sex effects in the genesis of schizophrenia. Methods EEG was recorded in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 46 healthy controls in the eyes closed resting state. Pair-wise EEG coherences were calculated over delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands. To examine the differences of EEG coherence according to sex in each group, ANCOVA was performed using Statistical Analysis system (SAS, Ver 9.3) and R (Ver 2.15.2). Results Healthy control males showed more increased right intrahemispheric coherences than healthy control females in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. In patients with schizophrenia, this male dominant pattern in right intrahemispheric coherences was attenuated especially in alpha and beta bands. Healthy control females showed more increased interhemispheric coherences than healthy control males in delta, theta, beta and gamma frequency bands. In patients with schizophrenia, these female dominant patterns in interhemispheric coherences were attenuated especially in delta, theta, and beta bands, which were commonly observed in frontal to central areas. Conclusion Sex differences in resting EEG coherences were attenuated in schizophrenia patients. These results imply that sex-related aberrant cerebral lateralization might exist in patients with schizophrenia, which are partly due to sex hormones via epigenetic mechanisms.