경주권역으로의 대기오염물질 유입현황과 석조문화재에 미치는 영향

정종현,손병현,김현규,최원준,남철현,Jung, Jong-Hyeon,Shon, Byung-Hyun,Kim, Hyun-Gyu,Choi, Won-Joon,Nam, Chul-Hyun 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.5

In this study, we focused on the geographical and the meterological conditions, the atmospheric examination, the soil contents and compositions in order to establish cultural properties conservation plan in Gyeongju and its surroundings. Also, the transport route with environmental contaminants in Ulsan and Pohang was examined. The results could be summarized as follows ; Air pollutant and environmental contaminant was transported by two types of winds. One is induced by local winds, the other is induced by synoptic winds. Air contaminant transported from coastal regions to inland regions were associated with wind velocity. Gyeongju had good atmospheric conditions, i.e. $SO_2\;0.009{\sim}0.011ppm,\;CO\;0.6{\sim}0.8ppm,\;NO_2\;0.015{\sim}0.020ppm,\;O_3\;0.017{\sim}0.032ppm,\;PM_{10}\;46{\sim}62{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;Pb\;0.034{\sim}0.060{\mu}g/m^3$, which was below environmental air qualify standards and was little lower than those of Pohang and Ulsan. However, Ulsan and Pohang city are located on south-east coast and have many industrial facilities. Hence, air pollution problems become serious issues in Ulsan, Pohang, Busan, Daegu and other cities due to the emission of air pollutants from the various industrial facilities, incinerator and power plants, etc. The soil of Gyeongju had heavy metals conditions, i.e. $Cd\;0.01{\sim}0.08mg/kg,\;Cu\;N.D{\sim}2.39mg/kg,\;As\;N.D{\sim}0.07mg/kg,\;Hg\;N.D{\sim}0.15mg/kg,\;Pb\;0.49{\sim}1.39mg/kg,\;Cr^{+6}\;0.02{\sim}0.42mg/kg,\;Fe\;0.74{\sim}1.55mg/kg,\;Mn\;0.11{\sim}0.49mg/kg\;and\;Zn\;1.11{\sim}3.56mg/kg$. However, pH value of soil had range of $4.12{\sim}7.45$. The results showed that high pH concentration of soil could occur due to air pollution diffusion and environmental contaminant transport at Ulsan and Pohang city.

경주, 포항, 울산지역 보건.환경성 질환 위해 인자

정종현,최봉욱,문기내,석성자,김현규,손병현,Jung, Jong-Hyeon,Choi, Bong-Wook,Moon, Ki-Nai,Seok, Seong-Ja,Kim, Hyun-Gyu,Shon, Byung-Hyun 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was undertaken in an attempt to provide scientific grounds in explaining the causes of environmental and respiratory diseases resulting from air pollutants in Gyeongju and its neighboring areas. In relation to heavy metals, lead (Pb) was $0.0135{\sim}0.1744\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and high in order of Pohang, Ulsan, and Gyeongju while nickel (Ni) was $0.0023{\sim}0.0115\;{\mu}g/m^3$. The concentrations of heavy metals in the investigated areas did not exceed the environmental standards or Guideline Value of Korea or other countries. However, it is considered necessary to apply intensive control to some heavy metals including cadmium (Cd) that show a relatively high level of hazard. Based on the responses to the survey, measured personal interest in environmental pollution and the basic knowledge of the causes of the respiratory diseases was higher in those with a family history of allergic reactions to metals and bronchial asthma. The incidence of allergic disease was higher in those who are currently in poor health state. In addition, the general knowledge of environmental pollutants was higher in those with higher educational level and those with a higher interest in environmental pollution. Personal interest in environmental pollution was higher in those with higher basic knowledge of environmental pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the awareness through better education and campaigns on environmental pollution.

해수와 대기오염물질이 석조문화재에 미치는 영향: 감은사지 삼층석탑을 중심으로

정종현,손병현,정민호,임헌호,김경원,김현규,Jung, Jong-Hyeon,Shon, Byung-Hyun,Jung, Min-Ho,Leem, Heon-Ho,Kim, Kyung-Won,Kim, Hyun-Gyu 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The effect of seawater and air pollutants on the three-story stone pagodas on Gameunsa Temple Site have been studied in order to establish conservation basic plan. Also, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of seawater salt and air pollutants on the weathering of granite. The results could be summarized as follows. Because the three-story stone pagodas on Gameunsa Temple Site are located outdoors, the external appearance has been largely deteriorated due to natural and artificial factors such as typhoon, wind, microorganisms, moisture, extreme change in temperature, air pollutants, and seawater, etc. When G.J fresh granite was dipped into the seawater, dissolution rate of three minerals (Mg, Ca, and K) are increased linearly until about 40 days and then increased abruptly. After seawater dipping experiments, the mineral compositions of the granite surface were lower then that of the G.J fresh granite but Poisson's ratio and absorption ratio were slightly increased. Therefore, from these results we can say that stone cultural properties could be weathered by seawater and air pollutants and it's considered being a meaningful experiment to study the conservation method of stone cultural properties from seawater.

울산 지역 학교의 휘발성유기화합물 평가

정종현,이사우,피영규,Jung, Jong-Hyeon,Lee, Sa-Woo,Phee, Young-Gyu 한국학교보건학회 2012 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of volatile organic compounds at elementary, middle, and high schools in Ulsan and its surroundings. Methods: To assess the hazardous chemicals of the 66 classrooms in the 22 schools, the 6 volatile organic compounds such as TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds), benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and stylene were measured and analyzed from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2009. Results: The mean concentrations of TVOCs in the elementary schools were higher than those of middle and high schools, and multi-purpose classrooms was higher than that in general ones. The benzene and toluene level in schools in Dong-Gu in the vicinity of assorted industrial complexes was higher than that of schools located in other districts around the Ulsan Metropolitan Area. Conclusion: In case of schools in Ulsan Metropolitan Area, elementary school, schools in Dong-Gu, and multipurpose classrooms over general classrooms should be given a high priority for the management of volatile organic compounds.

울산지역 학교의 실내공기질 평가

정종현,서보순,주동진,박만철,손병현,피영규,Jung, Jong-Hyeon,Seo, Bo-Sun,Ju, Dong-Jin,Park, Man-Chul,Shon, Byung-Hyun,Phee, Young-Gyu 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants at 63 elementary schools, 41 middle schools and 51 high schools in Ulsan from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2008. To assess the indoor air quality of the various classrooms, the 8 indoor air pollutants such as $CO_2$, CO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, TVOCs, HCHO and TBC were measured and analyzed. The mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and TBC in the elementary schools were significantly higher than those of middle and high schools (p < 0.01). For the HCHO, the multi-use practice rooms showed an average 1.5 times higher than general classrooms. In schools located in urban areas, the concentrations of CO, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC were lower than in the vicinity of industrial complexes. The exceeding rate of the school air quality maintenance limits in the 6 air pollutants by law were 6.7%, 3.5%, 1.7%, 18.2%, 13.0% and 18.4% for $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC, respectively. Based on these results $PM_{10}$ and TBC have to be in the order of priority of need to improve the classroom air quality in elementary school of Ulsan.

폐기물소각로와 배연탈황공정에 이용하기 위한 흡수제 수화반응 측정 I

정종현(Jong Hyeon Jung),조상원(Sang Won Cho),김영식(Young Sik Kim),이형근(Hyung Keun Lee),오광중(Kwang Joong Oh) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the hydration reaction and characteristics of Danyang · Backwang limestone/waste shell/shinyo lime. The properties of the waste shell which cause pollution problems were investigated in Southern beach. A limestone/waste shell is selected as an alkali reagent in waste incinerator/flue gas desurfurization processes. The results from above study are as follows. 1. To understand the properties of absorbents, ICP, XRD, EDAX analyses are performed. It is found limestone and waste shell are composed of calcium mostly and some of Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Si and a few of Cu, Ni and Cd. The main component of waste shell, is calcium of about 38∼39% and lime is about 53∼54% and it becomes 96∼97% in CaCO_3 basis. The limestones from Danyang, Backwang have 53∼55% lime, respectively. 2. During the hydration, the pore structures and surface areas of particles are changed, considerous the expeimental results obtained from the absorbent particles before and after hydration. In the hydration experimental results of lime, 90℃(24 hr) of hydration temperature showed a specific suface area of 11.979㎥/g. The surface areas of limestone sample hydrated with different water temperature as a hydration were 2.3135 ㎥/g, 7.51 ㎥/g, 7.63 ㎥/g, 7.55 ㎥/g, 7.25 ㎥/g, 7.41 ㎥/g, 11.9 ㎥/g, 11.979 ㎥/g. Thus the value at 80∼90℃ hydrated sample is found to be the highest. After hydration, the specific surface area of limestone sample increase but actually does not increase with temperature. This suggest that slurring rate and time might affect hydration condition and the optimum hydration temperature is 80∼90℃. 3. The BET surface area of waste shell and limestone samples was hydrated in 90℃ isothermal condition. So, this increase of specific surface area through hydration can not be predicted in CaCO_3 state. 4. As the hydration temperature increases, the calcinated limestone/seashell/clam sample shows a higher reactivity, but the reactivity of hard shelled mussel sample is lower than that of limestone.

국내산 석회석을 이용한 배연탈황/탈질 흡수제 및 반응특성

정종현(Jeong Jong Hyeon),유경선(Yu Gyeong Seon),손병현(Son Byeong Hyeon),이재정(Lee Jae Jeong),이형근(Lee Hyeong Geun),오광중(O Gwang Jung) 大韓環境工學會 2003 대한환경공학회지 Vol.25 No.9

BIM 기반 철골부재 단면설계를 위한 IDM 개발

정종현(Jung, Jong-Hyeon),이재철(Lee, Jae-Cheol) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

IDM은 건설 프로젝트를 담당하는 각 전문분야의 업무 프로세스를 대상으로 정보교환의 시기 및 내용, 관련되는 IFC 객체 등을 정의하기 위한 개방형 정보전달 매뉴얼이다. 본 연구에서는 IDM 방법론을 통해 요구정보의 세부 정의 및 후속 프로세스로의 전달방법을 분석함으로써 BIM을 기반으로 철골부재의 단면설계를 수행하기 위한 정보모델을 정의하였 다. 또한 현재 IFC에서 지원하는 구조정보를 분석하고 엑셀을 이용한 사례적용을 통해 그 타당성을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, BIM 기반 철골부재 단면설계를 위한 대부분의 구조정보는 현재 통용되고 있는 IFC2×3에서 지원하는 엔터티와 Pset을 활용 해 관리가 가능하였으며, IFC2×3에서 지원하지 않는 소성단면계수 등 일부 정보는 IFC4에 보완돼 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같이 IDM 방법론은 BIM 기반 철골부재의 단면설계를 위한 프로세스 분석 및 교환정보의 구체화, 공통적 기능단위 정보의 정의에 효과적으로 활용할 수 있었다. IDM is a methodology for capturing and specifying processes and information flow during the life-cycle of a facility. The methodology can be used to document existing or new processes, and describe the associated information that need to be exchanged between parties. In this paper, the information model for BIM-based structural steel member design was defined using IDM methodology. The structural information offered in IFC was analyzed, and its adequacy was verified by applying the case study using Excel. As a result, IFC2×3 offers the most structural design information for BIM-based structural steel member design, and some sectional properties omitted in IFC2×3 were offered in IFC4. IDM methodology can be used effectively for developing BIM-based structural design systems

경주지역 석조문화재 풍화에 미치는 대기오염물질의 영향

정종현(Jung, Jong-Hyeon),정민호(Jung, Min-Ho),최원준(Choi, Won-Joon),서정호(Seo, Jung-Ho),황인조(Hwang, In-Jo),손병현(Shon Byung-Hyun) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

경주시의 1∼3종에 해당하는 고정배출원에서 배출되는 오염물질 배출량은 PM-10 0.70 ton/yr, SO₂ 13.95 ton/yr, NOx 37.12 ton/yr로 조사되었고, 면오염원의 경우 PM-10 1.02 ton/yr, SO₂ 13.44 ton/yr, NOx 21.10 ton/yr로 나타났다. 또한 이동오염원의 오염물질 배출량은 PM-10 963.91 ton/yr, SO₂ 1415.02 ton/yr, NOx 5612.70 ton/yr로 조사되었다. 경주, 포항 및 주변지역의 대기 중 PM-10, SO₂ 및 NO₂의 농도분포를 확인한 결과, 고농도 지역은 주로 포항철강공단 및 이동오염원 주변이었다. 경주지역의 SO₂ 농도는 2006년 0.002 ppm에서 2015년 0.005 ppm으로, NO₂는 2006년 0.004 ppm에서 2015년 0.010 ppm으로 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 이에 대기오염물질을 저감하기 위한 실천방안과 석조문화재를 환경오염물질 및 기타 화학적, 물리적, 생물학적 요인으로 부터 보호하기 위한 실천관리 프로그램이 적극적으로 도입되어야 할 시점으로 사료된다. The amount of pollutants from stationary sources of businesses classified into 1-3 type in Gyeongju was found to be 0.70 ton/yr for PM-10, 13.95 ton/yr for SO₂, and 37.12 ton/yr for NOx ; with respect to area sources, 1.02 ton/yr for PM-10, 13.44 ton/yr for SO₂, and 21.10 ton/yr for NOx ; and with respect to mobile sources 963.91 ton/yr for PM-10, 1415.02 ton/yr for SO₂, and 5612.70 ton/yr for NOx. This study surveyed the concentration distribution of PM-10, SO₂, and NO₂ in the air in around Gyeongju and Pohang, and found that high concentration was mainly distributed around Pohang Steel Industrial Complex and the around of mobile sources. In Gyeongju area, SO₂ was predicted to increase from 0.002 ppm in 2006 to 0.005 ppm in 2015, and that of NO₂ was predicted to increase from 0.004 ppm to 0.010 ppm during the same period. At this point, practicing guidelines to reduce air pollutants and management plan for environmental pollutants should be devised, and also practicing and management programs to protect the stone cultural properties from environmental pollutants and other chemical, physical, and biological factors should be actively introduced.

대형 주물공정 용접작업장의 건강 위해인자 및 환기 개선

정종현(Jong Hyeon Jung),정유진(Yu Jin Jung),이상만(Sang man Lee),이정희(Jung Hee Lee),손병현(Byung Hyun Shon),임현술(Hyun Sul Lim) 한국청정기술학회 2014 청정기술 Vol.20 No.2

이 연구에서는 대형 주물공정 용접작업장 근로자들의 건강보호 및 작업환경 개선을 위해 위해인자 조사 및 분석작업을 수행하였다. 또한, 대상 작업장의 작업환경을 개선하기 위해 측정 및 전산유체해석 모델링을 수행한 후 효과적인 환기방법을 제안하였다. 대형 주물공정 용접작업장 근로자들의 건강 위해인자를 조사한 결과, A사는 산화철분진, B사와 C사는 용접 흄, D사는 용접 흄과 산화철분진이 주오염원인 것으로 확인되었다. 작업자 호흡영역에서의 흄 농도는 0.05~4.37 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>이었고, 용접작업장 공기 중 흄 농도는 0.13~7.54 g/m<SUP>3</SUP>이었다. 또한, 용접작업 시 최적의 환기방법을 제안하기 위해 측정 및 전산유체해석 모사를 수행한 결과, 배기공정의 경우에는 배기 덕트를 용접점에 근접시켜 국소배기를 실시하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 급기공정의 경우에는 개구부 끝 부분에서 급기를 하며 급기용 팬은 작업 공간 외부에 설치하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 나타났다. 향후 대형 주물공정 용접작업장의 터널형 반밀폐 공간에 대한 환기방법을 표준화한다면 주물산업 및 조선업 등에 종사하는 용접 근로자들의 건강보호 및 작업환경 개선에 매우 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. In this study we have examined the health risk factors and analyzing data of laborers working at the welding operation at large-sized casting process. In order to improve the working environment of workplace, an effective ventilation method was proposed after performing CFD (computational fluid dynamics) modeling and measurement of pollutants. As a result of examining the health risk factors of workers, oxidized steel dust is the main pollution source in the company A, welding fume in the companies B and C, and welding fume and oxidized steel dust in the company D. The fume concentration in the workers’ breathing zone was 0.051~4.37 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>, and the fume concentration in the indoor air at the welding process was 0.13~7.54 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP>. From a result of CFD, a local exhaust with an exhaust duct adjacent to welding point was found to be most effective in case of the exhaust process. In case of air supply, we found that a desired location of air supply fan would be at the end of the opening. If a standardizing the ventilation system for tunnel-type semi-enclosed space at a large-sized casting process is introduced in welding work places in the future, it would be more effective to protect the health of welding workers working at the casting industry and shipbuilding industry and improve the work environment.