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정은욱,후이,Dong-Hyun Bae,배동수,조영래 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.3
Aluminum clad steel (ACS) is an excellent layered composite material. An intensive investigation intoroll-bonded ACS was carried out to identify the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the interfacebetween the aluminum (Al) and the steel. A series of analyzing methods was applied to the IMC layerformed at the interface during annealing at 540 °C for 16 h. An electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA)measured a value of 28.5 atomic percent for the Fe in the IMC layer, which coincided with the Fe2Al5phase. An analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern for the IMC layer in the ACS materials showed a verystrong peak for the (002) plane of Fe2Al5. Vickers microhardness testing of the IMC layer revealed a veryhigh value (1,110 Hv). The results of EPMA, XRD and microhardness values verified that the IMC layerin the sample that had been annealed at 540 °C for 16 h was the Fe2Al5 phase.
갑상선 유두암과 결핵성 경부 림프절염이 동반된 환자들에서 경부 림프절의 평가
정은욱,장영수,이정복,최성용,이낙준,소윤경,정한신 대한이비인후과학회 2012 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.55 No.9
Background and Objectives To determine the diagnostic clues to differentiate tuberculous lymph node infection from nodal metastasis in patients with both papillary thyroid carcinoma and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Subjects and Method We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients suffering concurrently from papillary thyroid carcinomas with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Nine of the 11 patients underwent preoperative neck ultrasonography (US) and seven CT scans. Using the surgical pathology as the reference standards, the results of the preoperative diagnostic tools were re-evaluated according to lymph node level-based analysis. US and CT features were also compared between metastatic nodes and tuberculous lymphadenitis. Results Preoperative CT could localize the involved lymph node levels and differentiate tuberculous infection from metastasis of thyroid carcinoma in only two of seven patients. The site of the involved lymph nodes, the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, and the tumor volume of the thyroid carcinoma were the clues to diagnose the lymph node status. However, in five of seven cases, CT could not differentiate tuberculosis from metastasis in the lymph nodes. The morphological characteristics of lymph nodes seen on CT and US did not differ between tuberculous infection and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Conclusion Pre-operative CT or US does not provide differential information about lymph node status between tuberculous infection and metastasis in patients with concurrent papillary thyroid carcinomas and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Rather, clinical characteristics such as the site of the involved lymph nodes, the primary tumor burden, and the associated clinical features can help the physician differentiate between them.
정은욱,권세훈,정해도,최영선,조영래 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.1
The evolution of a direct observation technique for small-sizeddefects in a thin film is important in understanding of a water-vaporbarrier layers. An investigation into the availability of directobservation techniques for detecting nano-scaled defects in achromium thin film on a polymer substrate was performed. The bestimages of nano-scaled defects in Cr thin films were obtained usingconductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) in conjunction with adamascene process. When a dielectric Al2O3 layer was filled into thedefects, such as voids or grain boundaries, in the Cr coating via thisdamascene process, a distinctive conductivity image was obtainedfrom C-AFM. The major role of the dielectric material of the Al2O3layer, when filled into the nano-scaled defects in the Cr coating, wasthe generation of different values in conductivity during the C-AFManalysis. The results confirmed that the combination of C-AFM andthe filling of the dielectric Al2O3 layer into the defects via thedamascene process is a useful method for the direct observation ofnano-scaled defects comprised of deep and narrow trenches inmetallic thin films on a polymer substrate.
광전 손실과 핀홀 생성의 억제를 통한 유연 투명 TiO2/Cu/ZnO 전극의 최적화 연구
정은욱,이건환,조영래,윤정흠 대한금속·재료학회 2019 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.57 No.5
We demonstrated an effective method for fabricating a highly efficient flexible transparent electrode in an oxide/metal/oxide configuration based on an ultrathin Cu film. It exhibited low losses in optical transmittance and electrical conductivity while minimizing current loss due to pinhole-related leakages. The Cu film was developed on a chemically heterogeneous ZnO film into a completely continuous and pinhole-free layer with a reduced thickness of approximately 6 nm. This was accomplished using a simple, but highly effective, room-temperature reactive sputtering technique with precisely controlled oxidation of Cu. The pinhole-free morphology of the ultrathin Cu(O) film is attributed to the dramatically improved wetting ability of Cu(O) in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen (ca. 2–3 at%). The synthesis of a completely continuous, ultrathin Cu(O) film in an oxide/metal/oxide configuration, consisting of the Cu(O) film is sandwiched between top TiO2 and bottom ZnO films on a polymer substrate, for making a flexible transparent electrode with excellent transparency and no notable current leakage. The superior optoelectrical performance of the TiO2/ Cu(O)/ZnO electrode clearly exceeded that of the same geometric configuration using a pure Cu film of the same thickness. The optimized electrode exhibited an average transmittance of 80.8% in the spectral range of 400– 800 nm and a sheet resistance of 13 Ω sq−1. The proposed TiO2/Cu(O)/ZnO electrode was proven as a promising alternative to ITO, and demonstrated excellent mechanical flexibility on flexible polymer substrates.
정은욱,지삼룡,이영태,박지훈,김동기,제인수,채두근,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영,정정명 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1
Afferent loop syndrome is an uncommon complication of a gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction. It may cause symtoms at any time from the first postoperative day to many years after the gastrectomy. Afferent loop syndrome is characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting and elevation of serum amylase. Thus, it is difficult to differentiate afferent loop syndrome from other cause of acute pancreatitis. However, the history of gastrectomy can be an important clue for diagnosing afferent loop syndrome. We experienced one case of chronic afferent loop syndrome with acute pancreatitis. After appropriate management, the abdominal pain disappeared and serum amylase level decreased. We report this case with a review of relevant literatures.
어닐링 온도 변화가 Al/연강 클래드재의 계면 특성에 미치는 영향
정은욱,김희봉,김동용,김민중,조영래,Jeong, Eun-Wook,Kim, Hoi-Bong,Kim, Dong-Yong,Kim, Min-Jung,Cho, Young-Rae 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.11
For heat exchanger applications, 2-ply clad materials were fabricated by rolling of aluminum (Al) and mild steel sheets. Effects of annealing temperature on interface properties, especially on inter-layer formation and softening of strain hardened mild-steel, for Al/mild steel clad materials, were investigated. To obtain optimum annealing conditions for the Al/mild steel clad materials, annealing temperature was varied from room temperature to $600^{\circ}C$. At the annealing temperature about $450^{\circ}C$, an inter-layer was formed in an island-shape at the interface of the Al/mild steel clad materials; this island expanded along the interface at higher temperature. By analyzing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results, it was determined that the exact chemical stoichiometry for the inter-layer was that of $Fe_2Al_5$. In some samples, an X-layer was formed between the Al and the inter-layer of $Fe_2Al_5$ at high annealing temperature of around $550^{\circ}C$. The existence of an X-layer enhanced the growth of the inter-layer, which resulted in the delamination of the Al/mild-steel clad materials. Hardness tests were also performed to examine the influence of the annealing temperature on the cold deformability, which is a very important property for the deep drawing process of clad materials. The hardness value of mild steel gradually decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Especially, the value of hardness sharply decreased in the temperature range between $525^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$. From these results, we can conclude that the optimum annealing temperature is around $550^{\circ}C$ under condition of there being no X-layer creation.