형태단어와 음운단어

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2016 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.39

The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of morphological words and phonological words, and to show how phonological phenomena can be described and explained with respect to phonological words. It is usually acceptable that a word, which has a form and symbolizes as a sound and a meaning, has an independent form and a complete meaning. In terms of three elements – forms, sounds, and meanings, words can be classified into morphological, phonological, and meaningful words, respectively. Among them, we cannot analyze and define meaningful words since they have abstract properties. I have discussed that cohesiveness and pause play an important role in exploring the properties of morphological words. Since we cannot classify and define phonological words in terms of certain criteria, I have suggested that phonological words exist as psychological reality. I have shown that phonological words in Korean are related to interface phenomena between a syntactic component and a phonological component, and also that it is helpful to describe and explain phonological phenomena by using phonological words.

Compounding in Korean

Weon-Don Jeong(정원돈) 한국중원언어학회 2010 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.18

This paper deals with compounding in Korean. Compounds are regarded as the combinations of words. In Korean, however, a root or a stem can be involved in compounding formation. As in other languages, compounds in Korean have the binary structure and the head. Most compounds can be analyzed as the binary structure with hierarchy. The head in compounds occurs on the right-hand element. Compounds inherit most of syntactic and semantic information from the head. Moreover, the head determines the properties of compounds. Compounds in Korean are classified into a noun compound, a verb compound, an adverb compound, and a postposition compound. We can find a number of noun and verb compounds. But there are a small number of adverb and postposition compounds. We can divide compounds into sub-compound and co-compound in terms of the head relationship. It is difficult to distinguish compounds from phrases because they consist of words. In order to make a distinction between compound and phrase, we mention phonological, syntactic, and semantic criteria.

축약과 융합

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2020 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.56

The purpose of this paper is to explore similarities and differences between contraction and fusion, and to propose a unified approach that contraction is integrated into fusion. Words are generated by way of expansion and reduction. In the expansion method, words are lengthened by addition; in the reduction method, they are shortened by deletion or fusion. Compared to the expansion method, the reduction method does not take place in a regular and predictable manner, and it is not general or universal with respect to word formation but it often appears in the process of word formation. The shortening method includes contraction, fusion, clipping, blending, and acronym. Among them, contraction and fusion appear in many languages, and they show a common merging process. In English contraction, two forms are united into one form; in Korean fusion, a remaining part after a partial or whole deletion is merged into a preceding form. Since contraction and fusion show similar properties with respect to linguistic phenomena, contraction can be integrated into fusion.

접어의 형성

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.43

This paper explores the properties and origins of clitics. Clitics appear as an independent word, but tend to attach to their host. Thus, clitics show a dual property of affix and word. As for the properties, clitics need their hosts and counterpart forms, and clitics are interface phenomena among modules of morphology, phonology, syntax, and pragmatics. Clitics may be also regarded as a phrasal affix because they can attach to phrases. According to Anderson (2005) and Kim (1998), characteristics of clitics are related to grammaticalization. I summarize their characteristics mentioned by Spencer & Luís (2012), and differences between citics and affixes proposed by Zwicky & Pullum (1977). Clitics have been divided into proclitic and enclitic. Zwicky (1977) divides clitics into simple clitic, special clitic, and bound word. In this paper, I suggest that clitics be classified into four: morphological, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic, with respect to interface phenomena among modules. I show that clitics in English are produced by contraction and appear in weak forms, while those in Korean are produced by contraction, fusion, and the alternation between them.

Segmental and Suprasegmental Sounds in Korean Language Education

Weon-Don Jeong(정원돈) 한국중원언어학회 2009 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.14

Segmental sounds are divided units, which include consonants and vowels. In contrast, suprasegmental sounds cannot be separated into individual elements, and express prominence relationship. They consist of syllable, stress, intonation, pitch, length, and juncture. Since the segmentals are concrete, we have paid much attention to them. However, the suprasegmentals have been scarcely dealt with because they are abstract entities. Furthermore, consonants and vowels exist in all languages, whereas the identical suprasegmentals do not appear in them. Nevertheless, the suprasegmentals have an important function to differentiate meaning. As in many other languages, Korean has the segmentals and suprasegmentals. Although no distinctive suprasegmentals exist in Korean, they are useful elements for meaning difference. This paper discusses the segmentals and suprasegmentals in Korean, and indicates that juncture in Korean suprasegmentals plays an important role in differentiating meaning. Also, I try to suggest how to teach the segmentals and suprasegmentals in Korean language education.

단어 형성과 화용론

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.47

The purpose of this paper is to examine how pragmatic conditions are related to word formation processes such as inflection, derivation, and compounding. In order to do this, I explain the morphopragmatics proposed by Dressler & Merlini-Barbaresi (1994, 2017) and explore the morphopragmatic phenomena which appear in languages including Korean. The morphopragmatics deals with the interface phenomena between morphology and pragmatics, where word formation rules interact with pragmatic conditions. Since the morphopragmatic phenomena have extragrammatical properties such as social or cognitive factors, they cannot be described or explained by rules or constraints. An honorific system is well known in relation to inflection and pragmatics. For example, Korean and Japanese have speech levels, where verbal endings are changed by formality or informality. With respect to derivation and pragmatic conditions, Dressler & Merlini-Barbaresi (1994, 2017) point out diminutives and augmentatives found in many languages. Dressler & Merlini-Barbaresi (2017) suggest a [fictive] feature, which includes emotional properties, to handle the morphopragmatic phenomena. This feature is significant to describe and explain the morphopragmatic phenomena.

동사적 합성어 형성에서 논항 구조 제약의 문제점과 부적절성

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2020 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.54

Since verbal compounds are similar to verb phrases, they show interesting interface phenomena between morphological component and syntactic component. So linguists pay attention to verbal compounds, and they do much research on the properties of verbal compounds. With respect to verbal compounding, for example, they deal with structure, formation, argument structure, and constraints on argument structure. The purpose of this paper is to examine argument structure constraints on verbal compounding and to point out their problems and inadequacies. In order to do this, I describe and explain characteristics of verbal compounds formed by rules and analogy: the definition of verbal compounds, the analysis of verbal compound structure, the distinction between argument and adjunct as the non-head of verbal compounds, and the argument structure constraints on verbal compounds. As I focus on argument structure constraints on verbal compounds, I mention the problems and inadequacies of argument structure constraints on verbal compounds, and propose the rule of construal, which may be regarded as an alternative to argument structure constraints on verbal compounds.

최소주의에서의 논항구조

정원돈(Weon-Don Jeong) 한국중원언어학회 2015 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.34

This paper examines how argument structure stored in lexicon is explained in the framework of Minimalist Program (MP). The number of argument is determined by the meaning of verb, which assigns theta roles. In the Government and Binding theory, Theta Criterion means one-to-one relationship between arguments and theta roles, and the Projection Principle indicates that lexical information is projected in every syntactic level. In MP, Chomsky tries to eliminate redundancy and explain linguistic phenomena by means of minimal principles. Without lexical information, Hale & Keyser (1993, 2002) claim that argument structure can be explained only in structural configuration. Pylkkanen (2008) deals with argument structure phenomena of applicative construction in terms of MP. She divides them into high and low applicative. Along with Pylkkanen’s claim, I suggest that -a/e cwuta construction in Korean corresponds to applicative construction. I also argue that such constructions as ilke cwuta show properties of low applicative in relation to argument structure. On the other hand, constructions like tule cwuta and ttwie cwuta have properties of high applicative, but compared to Chaga, they show slight differences.