신라왕경 출토 청동유물에서 확인되는 청동기 제작기술의 변천

정영동,박장식 국립문화재연구원 2004 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.37 No.-

As an initial step to understand the transitions in Korean bronze technology the present study has examined metallurgical microstructures of 8 artifacts excavated from the Silla Wang-Gyong site in Kyongju. Important trends have been found in alloy compositions and also in manufacturing processes. In the design of alloys, the Sn content was apparently changing toward the peritectic point, 22 mass %, of the Cu-Sn phase diagram while the Pb addition was intentionally avoided. This trend in composition was found accompanied by the introduction, subsequent to casting, of such special thermo-mechanical treatments as quenching and forging in artifact manufacture. In addition, the Sn content in alloys containing a significant amount of As was relatively low and no evidence of forging was observed in them. The use of quenching and forging and the rejection of Pb and As from alloys are all necessary requirements if the brittle nature of high Sn alloys is to be overcome in bronze working. This paper will show that the Wang-Gyong era corresponds to that of innovations leading to the technical climax in Korean bronze tradition, which has been maintained up to the present. 본 연구에서는 경주의 신라왕경 유적지에서 출토된 청동유물 8점의 금속학적 미세조 직을 분석하여 이들의 제작에 적용된 청동기 기술의 변천과정을 추적하는 작업이 수행 되었다. 그 결과 합금의 조성 면에서는 주석함량이 22%를 지향하여 변화되고 있다는 사실과 의도적으로 납을 제외시킨 흔적이 명백하게 드러났다. 제작기법 면에서는 주조 를 근간으로 하되 단순히 주조로만 이루어진 경우와, 주조와 단조 또는 주조와 담금질 을 병행한 경우, 그리고 주조와 단조와 담금질을 모두 병행한 경우가 관찰되었다. 한편 비소를 함유하는 유물에서는 주석함량이 비교적 낮게 나타났으며 두드림 작업이 생략되 고 있었다. 담금질처리가 수행된 점이나 합금원소에서 납을 제외시킨 점 그리고 비소가 함유된 유물에 두드림이 생략된 점은 모두 당대의 장인들이 합금의 조성과 제작기법 간 의 상관관계를 이미 완벽하게 파악하고 있었음을 보여준다. 이러한 처리는 모두 주석함 량이 높은 청동기에서 소재의 취성을 낮추기 위하여 필수불가결한 것으로 이를 인식하 여 실천할 때에 비로소 청동기 기술체계는 완숙한 단계에 도달한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본고에서는 왕경 출토 청동기에서 확인되는 다양한 수준의 제작기술을 제시함으로써 이 시기가 우리나라의 청동기 기술수준이 정점에 이르게 되는 변화의 시기였음을 보이고자 한다.

토날스테이션과 시스템 2000을 이용한 수치지형도 제작

정영동,강상구 圓光大學校 環境建設硏究所 2000 環境建設論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The development of electronic technology brings the advent of elctronic totalstation which measures, stores and records automatically angles, distances and 3d coordinates. Electronic totalstation is the surveying equipment and system 2000 is the supporting program that enables totalstation to get 3d terrain information, construction of the database and automatic drafting of the cartographic map. In this study, we aims at studying the system which can produce automatically the digital cartographic map by using totalstation and system 2000. For this study, cartographic maps of a region are produced by totalstation and system 2000, and then builded digital cartographic map on the autocad 2000 environment and also we analysed two digital cartographic maps. As a results of this study, it is found that digital cartographic map by totalstation and system 2000 are much more accurate and efficient than cartographic map by electronic plan table surveying, as well as this digital map may contribute to build the GSIS coverage map using Arc/Info or Arcview GIS program.

中小都市의 成長要因과 特性에 관한 實證的 考察

정영동,오재화,김우혁,송승헌 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2000 建設技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1

The study is concerned with all small and medium size cities. Study on the major purpose is to identify the domanial factors and their change for the growth of small and medium size cities through the analysis of correlation with growth rate. It could be done by case study of growth trends of all existing small and medium size cities for analysis period. The analysis results are summarized as follow : 1. Inevitably, the classification standards of the small and medium sized level in an urban hierarchy may vary among countries, depending on their pattern of urban settlement, level of development, and economic structure, population density, etc. But, the most convenient and frequently used criterion for identifying small and medium sized cities is relative population size because the city is proportional to the functional complexity. 2. The major factors affecting growth of small and medium size cities are POP, FIN, HIS, i.e., in 1986's. and the most dominant factor among them is POP, and The major factors affecting growth of small and medium sized cities are HIS, SAC, ASS, i.e., in 1996's, and the most dominant factor is HIS. 4. As the result, in small and medium size cities three variables, i.e., POP, HIS, SAC-are selected as the general factors concerned with urban population growth.

정주생활권 설정과 신도시 계획을 위한 연구(Ⅰ) : 정주생활권 설정을 중심으로 Focused on the establishment of residing life zone

정영동,정명희 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

The development of residing life zone has the basic unit of residing life zone which combines the central cities in rural area including small and middle cities and up-level towns with the areas at the back of them as one life zone. Therefore, it employs the development method on the premise of a new outlook on the region and also means the conversion into the synthetism method of central-back areas from the separatism of urban-rural areas. This study analyzes the real settlement system with the case of Yongam-gun. To establish Yongam-gun into a purposeful settlement zone, the function of central city should be strengthened, the ubran infrastructures should be expanded and the region of county(Gun) should be divided into several sub-zones of settlement for the functional connection between central cities and surrounding areas at the back of them. In addition, the purposefulness of county settlement zone and settlement sub-zones is developed hierarchically, but the settlement sub-zones must consider the purposefulness of all functions required for daily life, it should be divided within 20 min distance for access and it is analyzed that the demand of basic daily goods and services can be met at settlement sub-zones.

古代 金屬遺物의 科學的 保存處理 및 製作技法 考察

정영동 東國專門大學 2002 金龜論叢 Vol.9 No.1

고대유물은 여러 가지 유형이 있으며 동산문화재중 재질로 보아 금속, 목재, 석재, 종이, 섬유, 흙, 등 다양한 소재로 구성되어있다. 이러한 고대유물의 올바르고 효과적인 보존·관리를 위하여 과학지식과 기술을 응용하여 유물의 제작기법과 그 역사 등을 규명함으로써 원형을 보존함과 동시에 문화재의 보존을 위한 방법과 이론을 체계적으로 밝히는 연구분야가 문화재보존과학(Cultural Properties Conservation Science) 이다. 이와 더불어 본 의뢰 유물의 성격상 역사적, 고고학적으로 매우 중요하게 평가되는 유물이다. 특히, 철제갑옷과 투구는 그다지 흔하지 않은 유물로써 우리나라 무구류 연구에 좋은 고고자료로 평가된다. 따라서 X-선(X-ray Radiography, Model : SOFTEX PRO TEST-150, Japan)을 이용한 고대 제작기술에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 고대 투구의 제조공정은 덩이쇠(철정)를 열처리하여 반복단조, 침탄, 담금질 등의 제련과정을 거친 철판으로 단타(hammering)하여 만든 단조품 이었으며 또한, 부식산화물로 감춰진 고대금속공예기술에서 각 장식부분의 접합기술은 釘孔을 뚫어 연접하는 방식을 사용하고 환두대도의 병부는 철환위에 은박판을 말아서 제작하였다. 특히 본 유물에서 X-선의 주목할 효과는 결실된 부분에 조잡한 재료로 눈가림의 복원상태를 확인 할 수 있었다. 문화재의 원형보존을 위한 과학적 보존처리의 각 단계마다 처리 공정과 방법론을 기술하여 이후 본 유물의 문제가 재발생 할 시에 보존방안을 강구 할 수 있도록 함과 항구적인 보존·관리와 본 유물이 지닌 속성에 대하여 학계에 보고 하고자 한다.

GPS를 利用한 基準點測量에 關한 硏究

정영동,박성규,양영보 조선대학교 국토개발연구소 1995 국토개발연구 Vol.15 No.1

This thesis is concerned with verification of the accuracy of the geographical procedure using results if GPS satellite survey. Errors in longitude and latitude deduced by the procedure have been examined using GPS based survey results in Korea and Japan. A total of 17 sets of data(10 obtained in this study from region near the city of Kwangju and 7 from japanese National Geographical instutite) were analyzed. It turns out that GPS survery is fast and accurate enough to utilize in filed survey. It is however necessary to define local geographical transformation coefficient and construct fine domestic geodetic networks in priori.

GPS 상시관측소와 연계를 통한 지적측량의 활성화 방안

정영동,김영삼 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2007 建設技術硏究 Vol.27 No.1

Signal data which received at GPS observation stations located at Jangheung, Yeoriggwang. Suncheon in Jeollanamdo province and GPS satellite signal data which acquired in a triangulation point around the study area at the same time were implemented for data processing. In this study, signal data were set up for reference with a iteration in order for every GPS observation stations and then every points were analyzed and adjusted with geodetic network. This paper presents a evaluation of accuracy followed by each factor based on statistical results after quantitative analysis of the relative error of every decisive coordinate. In a conclusion, a surveying method using the data received at a GPS observation station could be improved by deducing the optimum baseline distance between GPS observation stations for minimizing reference variance and RMSE.

GSIS를 이용한 도로설계 검색 시스템 구축에 관한 연구 : 평면 및 종단선형을 중심으로 Focused on plane and vertical alignment

정영동,강상구 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.3

This paper deals with real time building of rout and vertical alignment information system for the efficient and scientific management using GSIS. First, we redesigned rout and vertical alignment for obtain basic data using road projector(road design main software). Using by these acquired result, we made a database on road plan and vertical alignment drawing as a basic information being used to construction of road complex information system. The main objectives in this study are the rational maintenance road planing for drawings, its database and the systematization of rout information management through the fast updating, mending, supplement. Result of this study enables us to manage rout information effectively and scientific and we can expect to play an important role of results in the practical use for the management of the road alignment information.

관측장비에 의한 基準點測量의 精密도 分析에 關한 硏究

정영동,강상구 조선대학교 국토개발연구소 1997 국토개발연구 Vol.17 No.1

Recently, laser technology has advanced to a point where accurate short-and long-lange measurements are possible to even relatively non-reflective object. This accuracy is achievable with a laser that meets the Federral Food and Drug Administration (FDA) eye safty requirments and is classified as eye-safe to Class 1 limits. This is a stand-alone instrument that has computing, editing and storage capabilities. Fore more complex computations, such as for volum or acreage determination, it has a serial connector which provides an interface with hand-held field computers or PCs. The most common use for this instrument on enginnering projects has been for load and trail pre-constrution surveys. Its portability, quick and easy operation, and record storage capacity make it well suited for this application.

미집행 도시계획시설의 실태와 개선방안에 관한 고찰

정영동,김순곤 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

Since defined as urban plan, Korean urban facilities are being placed on the status of non-execution caused by a number of factors. Particularly 73 cities occupy more than 70% of non-execution facilities, and followed the infringement of property right - generally accepted as a non-solved critical problem - whose possess above land owner. Hereby I suggest to improve non-execution facilities to cure our whole urban facilities, thus searching the reality of non-execution facilities and try to solve the solution thereby. As a concern arrangements, I suggest the solution to reduce and solve the non-execution facilities under the gradual and positive countermeasure as following by ; First, Korean non-execution facilities are on the critical situation, caused by financial insuffiency, but most of this followed by the lots of matters. Second, after analyzing the execution and non-execution facilities, most of the limited facilities are being executed and non-execution facilities might be long-termed tendency. Third, on the searching of the tendency of fundamental and time delayed execution facilities as the base of population scale, it could be figure out the typification under the control of non-execution facilities, and hereby suggest the lists which of characters. According to the analyzing contents on above mentioned, our non-execution facilities come to the point of crisis and urgently need to prepare turning point followed by the various direction of our current society to overcome.