원저 : 정신분장증의 사고장애 척도

정애자(Ae Ja Jung) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 1984 全北醫大論文集 Vol.8 No.1

한국인 양극성장애 환자에서 endothelial nitric oxide synthase 유전자 다형성

정상근 ( Sang Keun Chung ),최명수 ( Myong Su Choi ),양종철 ( Jong Chel Yang ),박태원 ( Tae Won Park ),정영철 ( Yong Chul Chung ),정애자 ( Ae Ja Jung ),황익근 ( Ik Keun Hwang ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2009 全北醫大論文集 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives: Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) gene has been investigated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, results were controversial and even contradictory. We performed this study to examine the genotypes and the allele frequency distribution of eNOS gene in Korean bipolar disorder patients, and the differences between them and healthy controls. Methods: eNOS genotypes in 51 bipolar disorder patients and 121 healthy controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and amplified refractory mutation system. Results: When genotypes of eNOS were classified as a/a, a/b, b/b, there were no statistical differences in genotypes between two groups. There were also no statistical differences in allele frequency between two groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that eNOS gene may not be causally related to the development of bipolar disorder in Korean population.

공황장애환자의 정신생리적 반응

정상근,조광현,정애자,박태원,황익근,Chung, Sang-Keun,Cho, Kwang-Hyun,Jung, Ae-Ja,Park, Tae-Won,Hwang, Ik-Keun 대한수면의학회 2001 수면·정신생리 Vol.8 No.1

목 적 : 정상 대조군보다 공황장애환자의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높고 생리적 유연성이 더 적을 것이다. 이러한 가정을 확인하기 위해 공황장애환자와 정상대조군사이의 정신생리반응의 차이를 알아보았다. 방 법 : 환자군은 DSM-Ⅳ의 공황장애 진단기준에 맞는 외래 및 입원 환자 10명(남성 9명, 여성 1명;연령 $47.5{\pm}14.3$세), 정상 대조군(남성 9명, 여성 1명 ; 연령 $47.3{\pm}10.1$세)은 전북의대 학생 및 전북대학교병원직원 10명으로 선정하였다. 심리적 평가항목으로서, 불안, 우울 수준은 상태특성불안척도, Beck 우울 척도, Hamilton 불안 및 우울 척도로 평가하였다. 생리적 평가항목으로서 자율신경계의 정신생리반응을 측정하였는데, 맥박, 호흡속도, 피부전도반응, 근전도 등은 J & J I-330모델을 이용하였다. 스트레스작업은 4가지로서 암산, 비디오게임, 과호흡, 스트레스사건 이야기작업을 이용하였다. 정신생리반응의 측정순서는 생리반응 측정전 약 15분간의 휴식후 각각 3분씩의 '기저기간-암산작업 기간-휴식기간(3분)-비디오게임 기간-휴식기간-과호흡 기간-휴식기간-트레스사건 이야기작업 기간'으로 하였다. 두 군사이의 스트레스작업에 따른 심리적, 생리적 평가 항목들의 차이를 통계 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 우울, 불안수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 생리반응 중 피부전도반응(p=.017), 근전도(p=.047), 맥박(p=.049)의 기저치가 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 높았다. 또한, 피부전도반응의 경우, 과호흡시 놀람반응이 대조군보다 공황장애군에서 유의하게 더 컸다(p=.001). 맥박의 경우, 암산작업시 놀람 및 회복반응이 대조군보다 환자군에서 유의하게 더 적었다(각각 p=.007, p=.002). 환자군내에서 피부전도반응의 경우, 암산(p=.0001) 및 비디오게임(p=.021) 작업시 놀람반응이 회복반응보다 유의하게 더 컸다. 또한 호흡반응의 경우, 환자군내에서 과호흡시(p=.035) 놀람반응보다 회복반응이 유의하게 더 컸다. 결 론 : 상기 결과로 미루어보아, 공황장애환자는 정상 대조군보다 기저기에서 대부분 자율신경계의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높았으나, 측정항목에 따라 생리적 유연성의 기복이 있었다. 따라서, 공황장애환자의 치료시 자율신경계의 각성수준을 감소시키고, 일부 스트레스에 대한 생리적 유연성 회복이 필요하다고 생각한다. Objectives: An Increased level of psychophysiologic arousal and diminished physiologic flexibility would be observed in patients with panic disorder compared with a normal control group. We investigated the differences of psychophysiologic response between patients with panic disorder and normal control to examine this hypothesis. Methods: Ten Korean patients with panic disorder who met the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV were compared with 10 normal healthy subjects. In psychological assessment, levels of anxiety and depression were evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety and Depression. Heart rate, respiration rate, electrodermal response, and electromyographic activity were measured by biofeedback system (J & J I-330 model) to determine psychophysiologic responses on autonomic nervous system. Stressful tasks included mental arithmetic, video game, hyperventilation, and talking about a stressful event. Psychophysiologic responses were measured according to the following procedures : baseline(3 min)-mental arithmetic (3 min)-rest (3 min)-video game (3 min)-rest (3 min)-hyperventilation (3 min)-rest (3 min)-talking about a stressful event (3 min). Results: The baseline level of anxiety and depression, electrodermal response (p=.017), electromyographic activity (p=.047) and heart rate (p=.049) of patients with panic disorder were significantly higher than those of the normal subject group. In electrodermal response, patient group had significantly higher startle response than the control group during hyperventilation (p=.001). Startle and recovery responses of heart rate in the patient group were significantly lower than responses in the control group during mental arithmetic (p=.007, p=.002). In electrodermal response of the patient group, startle response was significantly higher than recovery response during mental arithmetic (p=.000) and video game task (p=.021). Recovery response was significantly higher than startle response in respiratory response during hyperventilation. Conclusion: The results showed that patients with panic disorder had higher autonomic arousal than the control group, but the physiologic flexibility was variable. We suggest that it is helpful for treatment of panic disorder to decrease the level of autonomic arousal and to recover the physiologic flexibility in certain stressful event.

전환장애환자의 정신생리적 반응

정상근 ( Sang Keun Chung ),최명수 ( Myung Soo Choi ),정애자 ( Ae Ja Jung ),황익근 ( Ik Keun Hwang ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2002 全北醫大論文集 Vol.26 No.1

연구목적: 저자들은 전환장애환자들의 정신생리적 반응양상을 분석하여 진단 및 치료에 적용하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구방법: DSM-IV진단기준상 전환장애로 진단된 환자 15명과 건강한 대조군 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 두 군 모두 불안상태를 평가 후, 정신생리적 변인들(수지온도, 전두근 근전도, 맥박, 전기피부저항)을 평가하였다. 정신생리적 변인들은 기저기, 스트레스작업(암산, 이야기 작업) 기간, 휴식기로 나누어 측정하였다. 연구결과: 전환장애 환자군이 정상 대조군보다 해밀턴 불안척도점수, 상태불안, 특성불안수준이 유익하게 더 높았다. 정신생리적 반응은 다음과 같았다: 첫째, 기저기동안 근전도와 맥박수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 둘째, 암산작업직후기간동안 모든 생리적 변인들의 놀람반응이 유의하게 더 적었다. 셋째, 암산과 이야기작업기간동안 수지온도를 제외한 근전도,맥박, 전기피부반응의 회복반응이 유의하게 더 낮았다. 또한 저자들은 전환장애환자에서 암산작업기간동안 심박동수의 회복반응과 불안수준사이에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 이상의 결과는 전환장애환자가 정상대조군보다 자율신경계 각성수준이 더 높고, ‘생리적 유연성’ 또는 ‘자율신경계의 유연성’이 감소되어있음을 시사한다. 따라서, 이에 대한 적절한 약물치료(bezodia-zepine계 등), 정신치료(환기, 최면요법 등), 정신생리적 치료법(biofeedback 등)의 병행이 필요하다. Objective: We examined the psychophysiologic response pattern in Korean female patiens with conversion disorder(CD). Methods: 15 female patients with conversion disorder and 20 healthy female subjects were evaluated by Spielberger`s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, four psychophysiologic measures i.e. skin temperature (ST), electromyographic activity(EMG), heart rate(HR), and elctordermal response(EDR) during rest and two psychologically stressful tasks(mental arithmetic, TM; talk about a stressful event, TT). Results: CD group showed : 1)significantly higher EMG, HR level during baseline, 2)significantly lower in the startle response of all psychophysiologic measure during TM. 3)significantly lower change in the recovery response(RR) of EMG, HR, and EDR during stressful tasks than control group (by t-test). We found that there were significantly positive correlations between RR during TM and state (r=551, p<.05)& trait(r=.549, p<.05) anxiety in CD group. Conclusion: Above results suggest that patients with conversion disorder show higher autonomic arousal than normal control group and decreased physiologic flexibility or reduced autonomic flexibility.

알코올리즘 환자들의 Alexithymia에 대한 연구

이남진,정애자,황익근,Lee, Nam-Jin,Jung, Ae-Ja,Hwang, Ik-Keun 한국정신신체의학회 1999 정신신체의학 Vol.7 No.1

감정표현불능증은 감정과 공상을 언어적으로 표현하는 능력의 어려움을 특징으로 하는 정신기능의 특정 장애를 의미한다. 이는 초기에 정신신체질환에서 언급되었음에도 불구하고 감정표현불능증적 특성은 내과적 그리고 정신과적장애를 가진 환자들에게서 폭 넓게 관찰되고 있다. 본 연구는 Scored Archetypal 9 Test(SAT9)파 한국판 토론토 감정표현불능증 척도-20(TAS-20K)를 사용하여 알코올리즘 환자들에서의 감정표현불능증적 특성을 조사하기 위해 계획되었다. 20명의 알코올리즘 환자들과 24명의 정상대조군이 본 연구를 수행하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) SAT9과 TAS-20K에서 알코올리즘 환자군은 정상대조군에 비하여 좀 더 alexithymic하였다. 2) 두 군간 성별사이의 감정표현불능증 척도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 두 군간 나이나 교육정도와 감정표현불능증 척도사이에는 통계학적으로 유의한 상관은 없었다. 4) SAT9과 TAS-20K은 환자군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 상관을 보여주었다. Alexithymia refers to a specific disturbance in psychic functioning characterized by difficulties in the capacity to verbalize affect and to elabolate fantasies. Although it was initially described in the context of psychosomatic illness, alexithymic charateristics may be observed in patients with a wide range of medical and psychiatric disorders. This study was designed to investigate alexithymic characteristics in the patients with alcoholism using Scored Archetypal 9 Test(SAT9) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Korea version(TAS-20K). Twenty patients with alcoholism and twenty-four normal controls completed these tests. The results were as follows. 1) Patient group with alcoholism were significantly more alexithymic than normal control group in both SAT9 and TAS-20K. 2) No significant difference in the alexithymic measures was found between genders of both group. 3) No significant correlation was found between alexithymic measures and age or education level in both group. 4) Measures between SAT9 and TAS-20K showed significant correlation in the patient group.

천식 환자에서의 감정표현불능증

오상미,이흥범,이용철,이양근,정애자 ( Sang Mi Oh,Heung Bum Lee,Yong Chul Lee,Yang Keun Rhee,Ae Ja Jung ) 대한천식알레르기학회 1998 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.18 No.3

Backgmtcnd: Alexithymia refers to a specific disturbance in psychic functioning characterized by difficulties in capacity to verbalize affect and to elaborate fantasies. Although initially described in the context of psychosomatic illness, alexithymic characteristics may be observed in patients with a wide range of medical and psychiatric disorders. Objective .' The present study was to evaluate the relationship between the alexithymia and bronchial asthma, and to compare the results with finding from a group of acute infectious illness subjects. Material und method: Alexithymia was measured with on Korean translation of the TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymic Scale-20 Korea version) and the Scored Archetypal 9 Test(SAT9). Thirty patients with bronchial asthma and thirty patients with acute infectious illness completed these tests. The SAT9 and the TAS-20K scores were compared in the both group, considering the age, gender, education level, and duration of illness. Resmft: Bronchial asthma patients had significantly higher score of on the TAS-20K and SAT9 compared with those with infectious illness(p<0.05). The two scales correlated in expected direction. Alexithymia was significantly related to education level(SAT9: r=0.335, TAS-20K: r=-0.376, p<0.01) and duration of illness(asthma group, SAT9: r=-0.383, TAS-20K: r=0.288, p<0.05). Conclusion '. Bronchial asthma patients had significantly higher alexithymic scores. This finding suggests that psycliathic consultation may be considered for the management of asthmatic patients with alexithyria.

보문 : 모발염색제 성분인 초산납에 대한 어성초 추출물의 항산화 및 미백효과

정재윤 ( Jai Yun Jung ),오영희 ( Young Hee Oh ),박신희 ( Shin Hee Park ),윤미영 ( Mi Young Yoon ),표애자 ( Ae Ja Pyo ),김선주 ( Sun Ju Kim ),유영월 ( Yeong Wol Yu ),정인주 ( In Ju Jung ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2014 대한미용학회지 Vol.10 No.2

To evaluate the antioxidative and whitening effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) extract on lead acetate (LA), hair dye component, cell viability was measured by colorimetric assay after NIH3T3 fibroblasts were cultured in media containing various concentrations of LA. And also, the effect of antioxidant, vitamin E on LA-induced cytotoxicity was analysed. For the protective effect of HCT extract on LA-induced cytotoxicity, NIH3T3 fibroblasts were pretreated with 110 or 130 μg/mL of HCT extract for 2 h before the treatment of LA. And also, the antioxidative and melanogenic effects of HCT extract were assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, total amount of melanin and tyrosinase activity. In this study, LA significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependent manner. And the XTT50 value was calculated at 48.3 μM of LA. In the effect of antioxidant, vitamin E, it effectively prevented LA-induced cytotoxicity by the significant increase of cell viability. In the protective effect of HCT extract on LA-induced cytotoxicity, HCT extract significantly increased cell viability which was decreased by the cytotoxicity induced by LA, and also it showed the antioxidative effect by SOD-like activity. In the melanogenesis, HCT extract showed the decreased of amount of melanin and tyrosinase activity. From these results, it is suggested that the cytotoxicity of LA is involved in oxidative stress, and HCT extract effectively prevented the cytotoxicity and the melanogenesis induced by LA.

초등학교 고학년 아동의 컴퓨터 게임 양상과 정서 및 행동 특성

이자영,박태원,이문숙,조은정,정영철,황익근,양종철,정상근,정애자,은홍배,Lee, Ja-Yeong,Park, Tae-Won,Lee, Moon-Sook,Cho, Eun-Cheong,Chung, Young-Chul,Hwang, Ik-Keun,Yang, Jong-Chul,Chung, Sang-Keun,Jung, Ae-Ja,Eun, Hong-Bae 대한불안의학회 2008 대한불안의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pattern of computer game play and emotional and behavioral characteristics of 5th and 6th grade elementary school children in Jeonju city. Methods : Fifth and sixth graders from two elementary schools (N=413, M=214, F=199) were chosen to participate in this study. The participants completed self-report questionnaires designed by the authors, and were also evaluated based on a computer game addiction scale, state-trait anxiety inventory for children, children's depression inventory and Piers-Harris children's self-esteem scale. The parents of the participants determined the disruptive behavior rating scale of the participants. Results : Positive links were reported between the pattern of computer game play (years of computer game experience, average length of each computer game play session, average time spent on computer game play per day, and average frequency of computer game play per week) and scores of computer game addiction scale. In addition, significant correlation was found between the internalized problems of children (trait anxiety, state anxiety, depression, and self-esteem), and computer game addiction scale score, among both sexes (p<0.01). There were significant correlations between game addiction scale score and inattention (p<0.01) as well as total attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score (p<0.05) in girls. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that computer game addiction is related to symptoms of internalizing, particularly to the trait anxiety. Significant positive correlations between game addiction scale score and externalized behavioral problems were found only in girls.

보문 : DNCB에 의해 발생되는 세포독성에 대한 오이풀 추출물의 방어 효과

박승택 ( Seung Taeck Park ),강민정 ( Min Jung Kwang ),제갈승주 ( Seung Joo Jekal ),이재형 ( Jae Hyoung Lee ),윤미영 ( Mi Young Yoon ),표애자 ( Ae Ja Pyo ),임요섭 ( Yo Sup Rim ),정인주 ( In Ju Jung ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The protective effect of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO) extract against 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced cytotoxicity was performed in cultured human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 551 cells). The DNCB remarkably lowered cellviability in a dose-dependent manner, and its XTT50 value was measured at 48.4 μM. Whereas, 20 and 30 μM pretreatment of catalase for 2 hours before 48.4 μM treatment of DNCB significantly raised the cell viability. And also, 70 and 90μg/mL pretreatment of SO extract for 2 hours before 48.4 μM treatment of DNCB significantly raised the cell viability. The SO extract had a considerable DPPH-radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity. From these results, it is suggested that the cytotoxicity of DNCB may be correlated with oxidative stress, and also, SO extract effectively prevented DNCB-in duced cytotoxicity by antioxidative effect. Conclusively, the natural plant extract such as SO may be a putative resource for the prevention of the cytotoxicity induced by skin decoloric agent such as DNCB.

양극성 장애, 분열정동장애, 정신분열병의 인구통계학적, 임상적 특징의 차이점: 5년간의 후향성 연구

권순재 ( Sun Jae Kwon ),박종일 ( Jong I Park ),정애자 ( Ae Ja Jung ),정상근 ( Sang Keun Chung ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2012 全北醫大論文集 Vol.36 No.1

연구배경: 정신과 의사들은 양극성 장애, 분 열정동장애, 정신분열병(조현병) 사이의 감별 진단에 상당한 어려움을 경험한다. 상기 진단 명들 사이에 인구통계학적, 임상적 특징의 차 이점들을 알아보고자, 본 연구를 실시하였다. 연구방법: 연구 시점을 기준으로, 과거 5년 간 전북대학교병원 정신과에서 양극성 장애, 분열정동장애, 조현병으로 확진을 받았던 환 자 중에서 진단명별로 10명씩 총 30명의 환 자들을 임의 선택하였다. 이들의 진료기록지를 근거로 인구통계학적, 임상적 특징들을 반구조화한 조사지로 조사, 분석하였다. 연구결과: 인구통계학적 항목들에서는 세 진 단군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 정신과적 진단의 안정성은 분열정동장애군이 50%로서 다른 진단군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(X2=8.75, df=2, p<0.05). 양극성 장애군이 전체 기분 삽화 가 평균 8.5회(F=4.078, df=2, p<0.05), 경조증/조증 삽화는 평균 6.8회로서 제일 많았고(F=3.786, df=2, p<0.05), 유의한 통계적 차이를 보였다. 세 군 모두 100% 항 정신병약물을 복용하고 있었다. 기분안정제의 경우에, 양극성장애군은 100%, 분열정동장애 군은 80%에서 복용하고 있었으나, 조현병군은 10%만 복용하고 있었던 바, 유의한 통계적 차 이를 보였다(X2=19.234, df=2, p<0.001). 결론: 상기 세 진단명을 감별 진단할 때, 진단 의 안정성, 기분삽화의 병력, 기분안정제 처방 유무가 유용한 임상적 감별 사항임을 제안한다. Objectives: Many psychiatrists sometimes experience the difficulties to establish the differential diagnoses among bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Therefore we performed this study to examine the differences of demographic and clinical characteristics among them. Methods: 3 groups (bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia by DSM-IV-TR; 10 subjects each diagnostic impression) were chosen from the psychiatric patients list in Chonbuk National University Hospital during the previous 5 years. The demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected using the semi-structured sheet from the clinical chart. Results: The diagnostic stability in schizoaffective disorder (50%) was significantly lower than others(X2=8.75, df=2, p<0.05). Total number of mood episodes in bipolar disorder (8.5) was significantly more than others (F=4.078, df=2, p<0.05). Especially, the number of hypomanic/manic episodes in bipolar disorder (6.8) was significantly more than others (F=3.786, df=2, p<0.05). But there were no significant differences in demographic data and other clinical characteristics among 3 groups. Conclusion: We suggest that the items on the psychiatric diagnostic stability, mood episodes, and the prescription of mood stabilizer may be useful in the differential diagnosis among 3 groups.