PCM과 TEM을 이용한 서울지역 일부 공공 건축물의 실내공기 중 석면농도 조사

정숙녀 ( Sook Nye Chung ),남은정 ( Eun Jung Nam ),황순용 ( Soon Yong Hwang ),오석률 ( Seok Ryul Oh ),신진호 ( Jin Ho Shin ),엄석원 ( Seok Won Eom ),채영주 ( Young Zoo Chae ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: This investigation is purposed to evaluate the airborne asbestos concentrations in the public buildings having asbestos containing materials(ACMs) in Seoul. Methods: The Seoul Metropolitan Government carried out an asbestos survey to the city-owned public buildings to identify the level of risk exposure, classified into low, moderate and high risk. To evaluate the airborne concentration of asbestos, 11 sampling sites in ten buildings based on the survey were selected. The air samples from the eleven sites were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy(PCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and compared the analytical results from the both. Results: 1. The airborne fiber concentrations by PCM were less than the detection limit(7 f/mm2) in 9(82%) out of 11 sampling sites. The highest concentration was 0.0043 f/cc, but it was below the guideline value for indoor air quality(0.01 f/cc), proposed by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. 2. In two sampling sites, having moderate risk level, the chrysotile was identified and showed it`s concentrations of 0.0102 s/cc and 0.0058 s/cc, less than 5 μm lengths. 3. The ACMs identified in the two sampling sites were a packing material(65% of chrysotile) in mechanical area and a thermal system insulation(5% of chrysotile) in a boiler room. Having more possibility of asbestos emission in the mechanical area, it would be required to set up and carry out the asbestos management plan. Conclusions: Based on the result of this study, the airborne asbestos concentrations in the public buildings with ACMs were generally lower than the guideline value for indoor air quality. There are widespread concerns about the possible health risk resulting from the presence of airborne asbestos fibers in the public buildings. Most of the previous studies about airborne asbestos analysis in Korea were performed based on PCM method that asbestos and non-asbestos fibers are counted together. In the public and commercial buildings, having ACMs, it is suggested that the asbestos be analyzed by TEM method to identify asbestos due to concerns about asbestos exposure to workers and unspecified people.

투과전자현미경을 이용한 공원 조경석 중 자연발생석면의 형태 및 크기 분포

정숙녀 ( Sook-nye Chung ),김지성 ( Ji-sung Kim ),임기교 ( Ki-kyo Lim ),원선정 ( Sun-jeong Won ),이지영 ( Ji-young Lee ),김광래 ( Kwang-rae Kim ),신진호 ( Jin-ho Shin ),신용승 ( Yong-seung Shin ) 한국환경분석학회 2021 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.24 No.1

This study provided data that can be used to discriminate asbestiform and non-asbestiform amphiboles contained in landscaping rocks in recreational parks. The length and width of fibers being at least 5 μm long and with a minimum aspect ratio of 3:1 were measured using a transmission electron microscope and compared to an asbestos reference sample. The park samples were thicker than 1 μm (average 1.9 μm), while the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) reference sample averaged 0.3 μm in width, with 100% being thinner than 1.0 μm. The average aspect ratios were 7.1 for the park samples and 67.1 for the HSE reference sample. Based on these distributions, the amphibole fibers in sampled landscape rocks were thicker and had a lower aspect ratio than the reference sample. These results suggest that actinolite fibers in sampled landscape rocks cannot be classified into commercial-grade asbestos. This study can contribute to public policy for managing and controlling landscaping rocks containing naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) and be used to communicate the possible resulting health risks.

하수슬러지 소각 비산재를 이용한 제올라이트 P1 및 Analcime의 합성

이제승(Je Seung Lee),정숙녀(Sook Nye Chung),박철휘(Chul Hwi Park) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.6

상수 처리 : 서울시 수돗물의 소독부산물 발생 특성

이진 ( Jin Lee ),김은숙 ( Eun Sook Kim ),김광래 ( Kwang Rae Kim ),정숙녀 ( Sook Nye Chung ),이만호 ( Man Ho Lee ),엄석원 ( Seog Won Eom ),조경덕 ( Kyung Duk Zoh ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2009 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

충북지역 폐석면광산 인근주민의 석면노출과 건강위해도 평가

신진호(Jin Ho Shin),오석률(Seok Ryul Oh),황순용(Soon Yong Hwang),정숙녀(Sook Nye Chung),김지희(Ji Hui Kim),남은정(Eun Jung Nam),이진효(Jin Hyo Lee),최희진(Hee Jin Choi),엄석원(Seok Won Eom),채영주(Young Zoo Chae),박철휘(Chul Hwi Park 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.5

충북의 D-석면광산 인근지역에서 석면이 포함된 토양으로부터 대기 중으로 비산되는 석면조사와 주민들의 일상생활이나 토양을 경작하는 농업활동 등의 석면노출이 가능한 주요활동에 대한 인체 위해도를 평가하여, 지역주민의 건강 위해성을 미연에 방지하는 대책을 수립하고자 본 연구를 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 대기 중 석면 모니터링을 위해 바람의 방향을 고려하여 지역주민의 거주지 근처에 시료채취지점을 선정하였다. 이를 위상차현미경으로 분석한 결과, 20개 지점 중에서 12개 지점은 검출한계 이하이고, 8개 지점도 0.0025~0.0029 f/cc 범위로 석면안전관리법의 공기질 관리기준 0.01 f/cc 보다 매우 낮은 수준이었다. 또한 투과전자현미경으로 이 섬유상 물질을 분석한 결과도 석면이 아니거나 검출한계 이하로 나타났다. 일반 대기 중 석면의 악영향은 거의 없는 것으로 추정된다. 둘째, 현장조사와 지역주민의 설문조사를 토대로 활동근 거시료채취 시나리오를 현지 실정에 맞게 설정하였으며, 그 중에서 예초기 작업과 흙파기, 마당쓸기 시나리오의 경우에 위해도의 95% 신뢰상한치가 석면에 대한 활동별 초과생애 발암위해도의 허용치 1×10-4을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 토양 교란활동이 수반되는 농경활동에는 토양에 함유된 석면섬유상 물질이 많이 비산되는 것으로 판단되며, 지역주민의 세심한 주의가 요구된다. 따라서 이에 대한 결과를 바탕으로 환경성 노출원을 가능하다면 원천적으로 차단하여 석면노출을 최소화하고, 지역주민들에게 석면노출 가능성이 있는 환경에 대해 널리 알림으로써 토양을 교란하여 석면이 비산되는 행위를 제한하는 등의 석면으로 인한 건강피해를 줄이는 체계적인 관리대책이 강구되어야 할 것이다. To investigate the exposure and health risk assessment for the residents near the D-asbestos mine in Chungbuk, Korea. We analyzed asbestos in the 20 ambient air and 23 activity based samples near the mine, The airborne sample results are showed that 8 of 20 samples ranged between 0.0025 to 0.0029 f/cc (fiber per cubic centimeter) and the others were below the detection limit by phase contrast microscopy (PCM), In addition, asbestos fibers were under the detection limit or not being by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on interview and survey targeting the local residents, we made the activity based sampling (ABS) scenarios fit to the conditions of field. At the same time, we calculated the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of these ABS scenarios according to the ELCR average value and 95% upper confidence limit (UCL). At the case of weed whacking, soil digging and sweeping yard scenario, 95% UCL of ELCR exceeded the 1×10-4, acceptable risk range for exposure. Based on our study results, it is necessary safety measures such as risk communication, abatement or management of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA).

충북 폐석면광산지역의 석면 실태조사

신진호 ( Jin Ho Shin ),이승철 ( Soung Cheoul Lee ),정숙녀 ( Sook Nye Chung ),오석률 ( Seok Ryul Oh ),김남진 ( Nam Jin Kim ),황순용 ( Soon Yong Hwang ),김지희 ( Ji Hui Kim ),남은정 ( Eun Jung Nam ),엄석원 ( Seok Won Eom ),채영주 ( 한국환경분석학회 2011 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.14 No.2

To investigate the quality of surface water and groundwater, and the airborne asbestos concentrations in ambient air near the Dong-a inactive mine, 21 water samples and 20 airborne samples were collected and analyzed. As a result, Anthophyllite fibers were detected in monitoring well at the quarry and no asbestos fibers were detected in other groundwater samples. On the other hand, 8 samples among 13 groundwater samples exceeded the standard for drinking water, especially for F- and NO3-N. Analyzed by PCM, the concentrations of airborne fibers in ambient air without site activity ranged between 0.0025 f/cc and 0.0029 f/cc at 8 samples of 20 airborne samples, below the guideline for indoor air quality (0.01 f/cc). However, additional airborne sample results by PCM indicated higher concentrations (0.0025~0.6130 f/cc) of fibers in the air based on four site activity scenarios (i.e. plowing, sweeping, weeding and grass cutting). Even though asbestos fibers were not detected in the ambient air samples by transmission electron microscopy, airborne asbestos fibers can be exposed to ambient air by agricultural activities. Therefore, in order to identify potential impact on surrounding receptors owing to airborne asbestos caused by site activities, site-specific studies such as risk assesment based on activity-based sampling are required.

석면 비산방지제의 성능평가 시험 연구

김창규(Chang-Kyu Kim),하광태(Kwang-Tae Ha),강미혜(Mi-Hyae Kang),정숙녀(Sook-Nye Chung),김지성(Ji-Sung Kim),김가연(Ga-Yeon Kim),정종흡(Jong-Heub Chung),어수미(Soo-Mi Eo),정권(Kweon-Jung) 대한환경공학회 2018 대한환경공학회지 Vol.40 No.7

본 연구의 목적은 석면 비산방지제의 성능을 평가하는 장치기술을 개발하여 현행 공정시험방법을 효율적으로 개선하고자 하였다. KS의 석면 비산방지제 시험방법(KS M 2757:2014)중 섬유비산 시험방법의 공기분사방식과 공기분사구의 압력조절방식을 개선하여 시험의 정확성을 증대시켰다. 공기분사방식을 1-way에서 2-way로 적용한 결과, 측정된 석면 평균농도는 0.051 f-PCM/㏄로서 기존의 1-way방식(0.012 f-PCM/㏄)보다 약 4배 높아 석면 검출능력이 향상되었다. 또한 공기분사구 압력조절방식 개선을 위해 표면압력측정부를 적용한 결과, 시험체 표면에 항상 일정한 풍속 약 10 ㎧를 유지하였다. 그러나 표면압력측정부가 없는 경우에는 구동모터의 이격거리 변화 때문에 풍속이 변화하여 각각 6.6, 4.8, 3.7 ㎧로 일정하지 못하였다. 그러므로 2-way공기분사방식을 통해 시험체에 충분한 유량을 사각지대 없이 공급하여 석면 검출능력을 높이고, 표면압력 측정기능을 통해 시험체에 일정한 풍속을 유지시킴으로써 시험방법의 정확성과 효율성을 개선하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop a device to evaluate the performance of asbestos stabilizers and improve the accuracy of the process test method. We increased the accuracy of the test method by applying the air injection method and pressure control method of the nozzle in the testing methods for performance evaluation of encapsulants in asbestos-containing building materials (KS M 2757:2014). As a result of applying the air injection method, the average concentration of asbestos obtained using the 2-way method was 0.051 f-PCM/㏄, which is approximately four times higher than that obtained using the 1-way method (0.012 f-PCM/㏄). In addition, as a result of applying the pressure control method, a constant air velocity of approximately 10 ㎧ was maintained at the air injection port to the specimen by using the surface pressure sensor. In the absence of the surface pressure measuring part, the air velocity was changed to 6.6, 4.8, and 3.7 ㎧ respectively, owing to the change of the travel distance of the turning motor. Therefore, the accuracy and efficiency of the test method were improved by supplying 2-way air injection to the specimen without blind spots and maintaining a constant air through the surface pressure sensing function.

서울시내 석면함유 건축물 철거 현장 등에서의 효과적인 공기 중 석면농도 측정을 위한 연구

이진효 ( Jin Hyo Lee ),이수현 ( Su Hyun Lee ),김정연 ( Jeong Yeun Kim ),김지희 ( Ji Hui Kim ),정숙녀 ( Sook Nye Chung ),김진아 ( Ji Na Kim ),오석률 ( Seokr Yul Oh ),김익수 ( Ik Soo Kim ),신진호 ( Jin Ho Shin ),어수미 ( Soo Mi Eo ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives: This study is intended to seek credible and efficient measurements on airborne asbestos concentrations that allow immediate action by establishing complementary data through comparative analysis with existing PCM and KF-100 methodreal-time monitoring equipment in working areas in Seoul where asbestos-containing buildings are being demolished, including living environment surroundings. Materials: We measured airborne asbestos concentrations using PCM and KF-100 at research institutes, monitoring networks, subway stations and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings. Through this measurement data and KF-100 performance testing, we drew a conversion factor and applied it via KF-100. Finally we verified the relationship between PCM and KF-100 with statistical methods. Results: The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM for the objects of study were less than the detection limit(7 fiber/mm2) in three (20%) out of 15 samples. The highest concentration was 0.009 f/cc. The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM in laboratories, monitoring networks, subway stations and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings were respectively 0.002±0.000 f/cc, 0.004±0.001 f/cc, 0.009±0.001 f/cc, and 0.002±0.000 f/cc. As a result of KF-100 performance testson rooftops, the conversion factor was 0.1958. Applying the conversion factor to KF-100 for laboratories, the airborne asbestos concentrations ratio of the two ways was nearly 1:1.5(R2=0.8852). Also,the airborne asbestos concentration ratio of the two ways was nearly 1:1(R2=0.9071) for monitoring networks, subway stations, and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings. As a result of independent sample t-tests, there was no distinction between airborne asbestos concentrations monitored in the two ways. Conclusions: In working areas where asbestos-containing buildings are being demolished, including living environment surroundings, quickly and accurately monitoring airborne asbestos scattered in the air around the working area is highly important. For this, we believea mutual interface of existing PCM and a real-time monitoring equipment method is possible.

서울시내 건축물 석면해체·제거 사업장 및 주변에서의공기 중 석면농도 특성에 관한 연구

이진효(Jin Hyo Lee),이수현(Su Hyun Lee),김정연(Jeong Yeun Kim),김지희(Ji Hui Kim),정숙녀(Sook Nye Chung),김진아(Jin A Kim),김익수(Ik Soo Kim),어수미(Soo Mi Eo),정권(Kweon Jung),이진숙(Jin Sook Lee),구자용(Ja Yong Koo) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구에서는 석면해체.제거작업에 따른 작업자 및 주변 환경에 미치는 영향 등을 파악하기 위해 서울시내 건축물석면해체.제거 사업장을 대상으로 공기 중 석면농도를 조사하고, 측정결과가 「석면안전관리법」에서 명시된 사업장 주변의석면배출허용기준에 적합한지를 살펴보았다. 서울시내 총 37개소 석면해체.제거 사업장에서 총 288개의 공기 중 시료를 분석하였으며, 전체 288개 시료 중 101개 시료에서(35%) 검출한계(7 fiber/mm2) 이하로 나타났다. 이 때 전체 공기 중 석면농도평균값은 0.003±0.002 f/cc로(최대 0.013 f/cc) 대부분의 공기 중 석면농도는 「석면안전관리법」에서 명시된 사업장 주변의 석면배출허용기준 0.01 f/cc 이하로 나타나 서울시내 건축물 석면해체.제거 사업장에서의 석면 노출가능성은 우려할 수준이아닌 것으로 판단된다. 채취지점별로 살펴보면, 부지경계선(148개), 위생설비입구(25개), 작업장주변(실내)(7개), 작업장주변(실외)(11개)에 대한 공기 중 석면농도 결과, 각각 53개(36%), 5개(20%), 1개(14%), 4개(36%) 시료에서 검출한계 이하로 나타났으며 평균농도는 각각 0.002±0.002 f/cc(최대 0.008 f/cc), 0.004±0.002 f/cc(최대 0.009 f/cc), 0.004±0.002 f/cc(최대 0.007 f/cc),0.004±0.002 f/cc로(최대 0.008 f/cc) 나타났다. 또한 음압기(13개), 폐기물보관지점(27개), 폐기물반출구(9개), 거주자주거지역(48개)에 대한 공기 중 석면농도 결과, 각각 3개(23%), 8개(30%), 2개(22%), 25개(52%) 시료에서 검출한계 이하로 나타났으며평균농도는 각각 0.004±0.002 f/cc(최대 0.009 f/cc), 0.005±0.004 f/cc(최대 0.013 f/cc), 0.005±0.003 f/cc(최대 0.009 f/cc),0.003±0.002 f/cc로(최대 0.009 f/cc) 나타났다. This study is purposed to measure airborne asbestos concentrations at demolition sites and surrounding areas of asbestoscontaining buildings in Seoul and examine whether the measurement results correspond with allowable exhaust standard for asbestosof the Asbestos Safety Control Act. The airborne asbestos concentrations for 37 sites were below the detection limit (7 fiber/mm2)in 101 (35%) out of 288 samples. The whole average airborne asbestos concentration in 37 sites was 0.003±0.002 f/cc (max 0.0013f/cc) and almost the whole airborne asbestos concentrations were satisfied with allowable exhaust standard for asbestos, 0.01 f/cc, ofthe Asbestos Safety Control Act. So possibility of asbestos exposure is not yet a major concern at current levels for sites demolishedof asbestos containing buildings in Seoul. Looking at each sampling point, the average airborne asbestos concentrations in boundaryline of site, entrance of sanitation, around the workplace (in), around the workplace (out), negative pressure units, storage area forwaste, outlet for waste and residential area of residents were respectively 0.002±0.002 f/cc, 0.004±0.002 f/cc, 0.004±0.002 f/cc,0.004±0.002 f/cc, 0.004±0.002 f/cc, 0.005±0.004 f/cc, 0.005±0.003 f/cc and 0.003±0.002 f/cc. As a result, all sampling points ofstudy were satisfied with allowable exhaust standard for asbestos, 0.01 f/cc, of the Asbestos Safety Control Act.

이온교환수지를 이용한 하수슬러지 소각재 용출액의 중금속 제거 효과

최재호(Jae-Ho Choi),김세정(Se-Jeong Kim),이태일(Tae-Il Lee),박현(Hyeon Park),김지성(Ji-Sung Kim),임기교(Ki-Kyo Lim),정숙녀(Sook-Nye Chung),원선정(Sun-Jeong Won),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),김광래(Kwang-Rae Kim),신진호(Jin-Ho Shin),신용승(Yong 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11