The Characterization of Different Types of Lignins from Arabidopsis thaliana L.

정병엽,김재성 한국작물학회 2004 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Estimate Assumed Lignin Content under Co-Existence with on-Lignin Polyphenolic Compounds in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Hulls and Shells

정병엽,김재성 한국작물학회 2004 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Stolon Node Explant in Eremochloa Ophiuroides (Munro) Hack

정병엽,Shyamkumar Barampuram,이승식,Byung Chull An,Jae-Sung Kim 한국식물생명공학회 2007 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.2

In vitro shoot regeneration and multiple shoot induction has been obtained from the stolon node explants in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. The highest number of shoots (10.66 ± 0.21) was observed from initial explants after one month culture duration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0.5 mg/l). First generation shoot was excised and sub-cultured on the same fresh media for further multiplication of shoots. An enhanced number of second round shoots (15.33 ± 0.21) was obtained compared to the initial culture media containing BA (0.5 mg/l). The number of shoots/stolon node was higher among all the concentrations of BA than kinetin (KN). In vitro regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in the phytohormone free MS medium. Plantlets generated with roots were transferred to pots containing compound mixture of soil and kept in green house conditions. Acclimatized plants showed 100% survival rate with normal morphology in green house conditions. The present study demonstrates the effect of explant and different plant growth regulators towards in vitro response in E. ophiuroides. Moreover, the study reveals the effect of cytokinin on induction of shoot number per stolon node explant in E. ophiuroides

A Comparison of the Efficiency of Electron Beam Irradiation on Enzymatic Hydrolysis between 4 Doses of 25 kGy and a Single Dose of 100 kGy for Bioethanol Production

정병엽,Jae Taek Lee,이승식,김웅진,위승곤,배형우,조재영 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.3

A significant challenge in biofuel production is the inefficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials into simple sugar for conversion into fuel ethanol. This low efficiency results in part from lignin restricting the access of degradative enzymes to cellulose. Wheat straws exposed to electron beams ranging from 0 to 100 kGy were examined to determine effect of divided irradiation (25 kGy in 4 tandem doses) vs. single irradiation (100kGy). Yields of reducing sugars such as glucose and xylose after divided irradiation (51.1%) showed only a small increase relative to the control (40.9%), whereas in single irradiation, the yields of reducing sugars substantially increased to 74.9%. Results of X-ray diffraction showed crystallinity of cellulose slightly decreased from 43.0 to 38.8% after divided irradiation. Significant decrease to 34.1% was observed after single irradiation. Removal of hemicelluloses and modification of lignin polymer were also observed. These results indicate electron beam irradiation has destructive influence on both physical and chemical properties of wheat straw, thereby increasing accessibility of the cellulose surface to enzymatic hydrolysis and theoretically enable more efficient cellulose hydrolysis. Moreover, divided irradiation did not show a significant influence on enzymatic hydrolysis; hence,the single irradiation process is more effective than divided irradiation for increasing hydrolysis efficiency.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Cell Wall Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana L.

정병엽,위승곤,김진홍,백명화,김재성 한국작물학회 2004 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions onto Chemically OxidizedCeiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Kapok) Fibers

정병엽,조재영,이민희,위승곤,김진홍,김재성,강필현,노영창 한국응용생명화학회 2008 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.51 No.1

The physico-chemical properties of kapok fibers were altered via the combination processes of chlorite-periodate oxidation, in order to assess their efficacy as a heavy metal adsorbent. The chemically-oxidized kapok fibers were found to harbor a certain amount of polysaccharides, together with lowered lignin content. This alteration in lignin characteristics was clearly confirmed via FTIR and NBO yield. Moreover, chemically oxidized kapok fibers retained their hollow tube shape, although some changes were noted. The chemically oxidized kapok fibers evidenced elevated ability to adsorb heavy metal ions with the best fit for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Three cycles of adsorption–desorption were conducted with in-between regeneration steps. Our experimental results indicated that chemically oxidized kapok fibers possessed excellent adsorption characteristics, and the modified kapok fibers could be completely regenerated with almost equimolar diluted sodium hydroxide. Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn ions evidenced adsorption rates of 93.55%, 91.83%, 89.75%, and 92.85% on the chemically oxidized kapok fibers. The regeneration efficiency showed 73.58% of Pb, 71.55% of Cu, 66.87% of Cd, and 75.00% of Zn for 3rd cycle with 0.0125N NaOH

복분자 비가림 하우스 토양 중 염류집적 요인과 물리적 제염효과

정병엽(Byung-Yeoup Chung),이강수(Kang-Soo Lee),김명곤(Myung-Kon Kim),최영희(Young-Hee Choi),김무기(Moo-Key Kim),조재영(Jae-Young Cho) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.5

포화추출액중 전기전도도는 1.0 ~ 28.4 dS m 의 범위로 평균 4.8 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>를 나타내어 매우 높은 농도로 염류가 집적되고 있었다. 전기전도도 4 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> (포화추출액 조건으로 환산)를 초과한 경우가 전체의 55%를 차지하고 있었다. 복분자 비가림하우스 재배토양 중 전기전도도와 각각의 무기이온과의 단순상관관계를 조사한 결과, 전기전도도와 염소 (r = 0.85**), 질산 (r = 0.94**), 인산 (r = 0.88**), 황산 (r =0.84**) 이온과 같은 음이온과 고도의 유의성 있는 정 (+)의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 마그네슘 (r = 0.41*), 칼슘 (r = 0.38*), 칼리 (r = 0.47*) 이온과 같은 양이온과는 유의성 있는 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 비가림 하우스형 복분자 재배토양 중에 함유되어 있는 염류집적 유발물질을 제거하는데 있어 작업의 편이성, 농업용수의 절감 및 처리시간 등을 고려하였을 때 용탈법보다 수세법이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타 났다. This study was carried out to investigate the factors of desalinization of the rainfall interception culture soils of Rubus sp. in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Soil samples were collected from 85 different sites of the rainfall interception culture soils of Rubus sp. in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do. The electrical conductivity in paste saturation of rainfall interception culture soils ranged from 1.0 ~ 28.4 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP> (average: 4.8 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>) and salt affected soil which EC was higher than 4 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, covered nearly 55% of all field surveyed. Salts in rainfall interception culture soils were accumulated by increasing the cultivation period. Electrical conductivity in rainfall interception culture soils was positively correlated with water soluble anions such as chloride ion (r = 0.85**), nitrate ion (r = 0.94**), phosphate ion (r = 0.88**), and sulfate ion (r = 0.84**), respectively. As a result of desalinization experiments carried out by water management practices, the rinsing method was more effective than leaching method.

고창지역 복분자 비가림하우스 토양과 노지토양의 물리ㆍ화학적 특성

정병엽(Byung Yeoup Chung),이강수(Kang-Soo Lee),김명곤(Myung-Kon Kim),최영희(Young-Hee Choi),김무기(Moo-Key Kim),조재영(Jae-Young Cho) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.5

전라북도 고창군 복분자 재배형태별 토성은 비가림 하우스 재배지에서는 미사질양토(slit loam. Si) 74%, 양토(loam. L) 16%, 식토(clay. C) 10%로 나타난 반면, 노지 재배지에서는 마사질양토 64%, 양토 35%, 식토 1%로 나타났다. 토양입단의 발달 정도는 비가림 아우스 재배지에서는 55.84%, 노지재배지에서는 60.6%를 나타내어 강우가 차단되어 있는 비가림 하우스 재배지보다 노지재배지가 토양입단화에는 더 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 토양입단의 크기별 가중평균지름(mean weight diameter, MWD)을 조사한 결과 대립단(>2.0mm)의 경우에는 노지재배지에서 더 높았고, 소립단(<0.25mm)의 경우에는 비가림 하우스 재배지에서 더 높게 나타났다. 비가림 하우스 재배지 토양의 ph는 3.9~7.4(평균 5.5)를 나타내었고, 노지 재배지는 4.1~8.4(평균 5.5)를 나타내어 복분자 재배형태별로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 비가림 하우스 재배지 토양의 전기전도도는 0.209~5.670 dsm<SUP>-1</SUP> (평균:1.619)를 나타내었고, 노지재배지는 0.265~1.056 dsm<SUP>-1</SUP> (평균 : 1.056)를 나타내어 노지재배에 비해 비가림 하우스 재배지에서 전기전도도가 더 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 비가림 하우스 재배지가 노지 재배지보다 치환성 마그네슘, 칼슘 그리고 칼리의 함량이 더 높게 나타났다. 토양 중에서 칼슘과 마그네슘 및 칼리의 이상적인 당량비율은 5:2:1인데 (Jung et al. 1998), 본 복분자 재배지 토양에서는 칼리의 비율이 2~3배 이상 높게 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 칼리 비료의 과다시비에서 비롯된 것으로 추정되는 바 양이온의 이상적인 당량비가 유지될 수 있도록 합리적인 시비가 이루어져야 할 것으로 나타났다. 수용성 음이온의 함량은 평균값으로 질산이온>황산이온>인산이온>염소이온의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 비가림 하우스 재배지가 노지 재배지에 비해 약 2~3배 이상 수용성 음이온의 함량이 높게 나타났다. The physic-chemical properties of the rainfall interception culture (85 sites) and the open field culture soils (85 sites) in the area of Gochang-gun, Jollabuk-do were surveyed. Soil textural distribution of the rainfall interception culture and the open field culture soils was 74% and 64$ for silt loam, 16% and 35% for loam, and 10% and 1% for clay, respectively. The percentage of aggregate rates was higher in the open field culture soils (60.06%) than rainfall interception culture soils (55.84%). Electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations, and anions in the rainfall interception culture soils were higher than those in open field soils. Specially, accumulated amount of anion in rainfall interception culture soils was remarkably higher 2~3 times than open field culture soils. The results from the analyses of rainfall interception culture soils suggested that the most critical problem is the salts accumulation caused by over-fertilization of chemical fertilizer and compost. Therefore, application rates of chemical fertilizer and compost should be controlled in order to conservation of soil and water for sustainable agriculture.

Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw by Combined Use of lonizing Radiation and Dilute Acid for Bioethanol Production

Chung, B.Y.(정병엽),J.T. Lee(이재택),S.H. Hong(홍성현),B.C. An(안병철) 한국잡초학회 2010 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.30 No.2

Pretreating wheat straw with combination of dilute acid and gamma irradiation was performed in an attempt to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production. The glucose yield was significantly affected by combined pretreatment (3% sulfuric acid-gamma irradiation), compared with untreated wheat straw and individual pretreatment. The increasing enzymatic hydrolysis after combined pretreatment is resulting from decrease in crystallinity of cellulose, loss of hemicelluloses, and removal or modification of lignin. Therefore, combined pretreatment is one of the most effective methods for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

Differential Expression of C4H and F5H genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) after Gamma-irradiation

박영미,정병엽,김재성,김진홍,조재영,채효석,위승곤,안병철 한국환경생물학회 2006 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.24 No.2

- To reveal effects of gamma-irradiation with various doses on the expressions of C4Hand F5H genes, the transcription levels of OsC4HLand OsF5HLwere investigated in leaves andstems of two rice cultivars, Ilpoombyeo and IR-29, after the irradiation with 5, 10, 50, or 100 Gyfor 4 h. In overall pattern of 24 h after the irradiation, the transcription levels of the two genesincreased with the increasing doses of radiation in the leaves of both cultivars, except that ofOsC4HLin IR-29. However, in the stems, the transcription level of OsF5HLincreased inIlpoombyeo and decreased in IR-29 dose-dependently, while that of OsC4HLdecreased inIlpoombyeo with the increasing doses of radiation and remained constant in IR-29. When theexpressions of OsC4HLand OsF5HLwere investigated in a time-course after the irradiation with100 Gy, they reached their highest levels in the leaves of both cultivars 5 h and 72 h after theirradiation, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the expressions of OsC4HLand OsF5HL,post-irradiation period, showing different cultivar and tissue specificity. Furthermore, the dosedependency of the gene expressions is also discussed immediately after the irradiation.