Mechanical Properties of Hydrated Silk Fibroin/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Films

정리라,김예슬,진형준,Jung, Ri-Ra,Kim, Ye-Seul,Jin, Hyoung-Joon The Korean Fiber Society 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Composite films consisting of two biocompatible natural polymers were prepared by incorporating bacterial cellulose into silk fibroin. The high crystalline cellulose hydrogel was synthesized by bacteria, Acetobacter xylinum. Silk fibroin was finely blended with the bacterial cellulose fibrils by adding aqueous silk fibroin solution into the bacterial cellulose hydrogel. We observed individual bacterial cellulose fibrils within a silk fibroin matrix by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silk fibroin well penetrated between the individual fibrils of the bacterial cellulose. The silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite film did not dissolve in water without further crystallization process, whereas a pure silk fibroin film easily dissolved in water without crystallization process. The crystallization phenomenon of silk fibroin in the composite film was verified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite film markedly increased when the composite film was hydrated. The silk fibroin/bacterial cellulose composite films became more flexible and tougher when they were hydrated, while it was very brittle in the dehydrated state.

별마당 도서관의 공간구성이 이용자의 방문에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정리현(Rihyun Jung),안소영(Soyoung Ahn),김경록(Kyungrok Kim),정혜욱(HyeUk Chung) 한국디자인학회 2019 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

러시아 선교 : 러시아인이 보는 러시아 선교

정리안 한국복음주의선교신학회 1998 복음과 선교 Vol.2 No.-

汉语新词语和教学

鄭莉芳 중국학연구회 2014 중국학연구 Vol.- No.70

词汇是语言中变化最快的要素,随着时代的发展变化,汉语也产生了大量的新词语。汉语词汇学研究者不断地关注新词语的发展和变化,因此也做了不少研究,但对于新词语的教学,尤其是对外汉语教学的部分,目前还处于起步阶段,如把新词语列入词汇大纲的进度、课程大纲和原则的订定、学科的建设等问题,都有学者做了一些相关的研究。教师们在从事汉语教学的过程中,也常遇到学生在面对新词语时,不管是在词义、用法或是翻译等方面,都会出现不少的难点和一定程度的障碍。因此,探索新词语的教学方法可说是符合时代性又具生命力,同时又能完善词汇教学系统,提升汉语学习者的语言交际能力,更能符合学生实际需要,帮助他们了解中国新文化。汉语新词语教学的原则是依据实用性教学目标,明确教学范围;循序渐进,由浅至深;依需求差异,因材施教,然后要扫除障碍,突破心防。根据这些教学原则,可采用类推法教外来词和新造词、用对比法教缩略词、仿造词和旧词新义。此外,可用翻译法来深化新词语的教学,同时运用多媒体来辅助教学。本文所谈的教学方法,大部分是归纳了学者们的研究和笔者的教学经验,而有些方法则是观察部分韩国学生的学习难点后而提出的。 Vocabulary is the fastest changing factor in any language. Chinese language has also been changing and is not an exception. Chinese lexiconology has been focusing on the development and change of new vocabularies. Academic works on teaching new vocabularies are well documented such as including new vocabularies in the vocabulary list and, incorporating new words in curriculum and principles, whereas teaching Chinese as a foreign language are still in an early stage. Teachers, in particular, face difficulties in teaching new vocabularies to students with regard to meanings, usages and translation. Thus it is timely and important to find new teaching methods for new words for Chinese learners to develop their language ability and understand new parts of Chinese culture. The most important principle of teaching new Chinese vocabularies is based on practicability. It makes teachers for students to overcome difficulties and fears in learning new vocabularies. Examples can be utilizing teaching methods in similar foreign words and new words and using contrast and comparison to learn new meanings in abbreviated and new words. Translation is another way to strengthen new vocabularies which are leant with the help of using multimedia. Some methods were used in this paper are from previous research and the author’s teaching experience, in particular, observing difficulties and obstacles when Korean students learn Chinese language.

沈德潜『古诗源』诗观探微

정리방 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2015 中國硏究 Vol.65 No.-

The criterion of selecting poems to a poetry anthology is vary with each individual which reflected the poetic ideology of the selector. To know more about the poetry view of the poems selector, you should first know the motivation of bookmaking, and the background of his thought. In the recent years, Shen Deqian’s anthology was considered as working for a feudal govern by academia which gravely impede the poetry development. Some scholar think that the poets and poems evaluation standard of Origin of Ancient Poems was inspired by Chen Zuo Ming’s mining Shu Tang Poetry Election, thus they think that the poetry view of Shen Deqian is following Chen Zuo Ming’s, so as to make it not to be too rigid. Nevertheless, Origin of Ancient Poems indeed incorporates Shen Deqian’s insight of poetry selecting, and shows the historical origin and the value of poetry development. Literally, he practiced the view of tracing to the source and promoting gentle and honest manner in poetry. In this essay, I would firstly make a point by the motivations of making Origin of Ancient Poems is to trace to the source and to promote gentle and honest manner in poetry, and then reach the standard of poetry selection of Shen Deqian by understanding the foreword and evaluation in Origin of Ancient Poems: If one which can reach the standard might be elected, and if one which substandard Yazheng, is play-acting and lack of natural charm, or the contents cannot be read or the poem is fake then it would be less selective or even not be selected. From these motivations and standards of poetry election, I can conclude that there are 4 poetry view in Shen Deqian’s Origin of Ancient Poems; rebuilding the features of ancient poetry, promoting gentle and honest manner in poetry, tracing to the source and stressing on the meaning more than font. It is obvious that these poetry view does not follow from any classical poetry election, but it has its own poetic view and value. 选诗入集本就标准各异,而选评的标准本身就反映了编选者的诗学思想,欲了解编选者的诗学思想和诗观,也应探本溯源,从编选者编书的动机、其思想形成的背景中加以探讨。近年来,学界将沈德潜之诗歌选集和诗观贴上为封建统治阶层服务,严重阻碍诗歌发展的标签;也有部分学者认为,《古诗源》对诗家和诗歌选取标准和评论多来自于陈祚明《采菽堂古诗选》,故认定沈氏之诗观是承袭陈祚明而来,或由陈祚明先为其导路,使其免沦刻板教条。然而《古诗源》其实蕴含着沈德潜评选诗歌的慧眼,同时展现诗歌发展的历史根源和价值,可说是沈氏“溯诗源,倡诗教”的具体实践。本文先从沈德潜编选《古诗源》的动机乃为 “正诗风、溯诗源和倡诗教”立论,继而通过对《古诗源》序和例言以及各卷选评说明的整理,得出沈氏的选诗标准:举凡可“溯诗源,观升降者”、“格雅正,助诗教者”、“胸怀高,至真情者”皆予以选入,而“不合雅正诗教者、刻镂堆垛及缺乏自然风韵者、内容不可辩读或诗歌为伪作者”则“少选或不选”。从上述编书动机和选诗标准中,笔者归纳出《古诗源》蕴涵了沈氏四大诗观:重建古诗风貌之复古观,倡导雅正温厚之诗教观,展现探本溯源之诗史观和重意甚于炼字的创作观。足见沈德潜《古诗源》中之诗观并非仅承袭某古诗选本而来,乃是有其诗学底蕴和价值标准。

韓国の日本語教育における評価の問題点

?井裏子 한국일본어학회 2008 한국일본어학회 학술발표회 Vol.2008 No.-

台灣對外華語文教學的現況及問題初探

鄭莉芳 중국학연구회 2012 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.62

Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in Taiwan focused on overseas Chinese schools and Chinese education of ethnic Chinese in the past. The 21th century is witnessing an upsurge of Chinese language learning around the world. As early as in 2001, Taiwan government began to encourage Chinese teaching with several incentives as the following: providing scholarship to foreign students, helping universities to set up training center of Chinese language and teacher with subsidy fund, encouraging domestic universities to establish Chinese institutes, perfecting academic organizations and holding seminars, setting up Taiwan education center and expo, popularizing Chinese language test and so on. All these measures maybe effective in a short term. However, without a coherent policy and agency, as well as a lack of combination between publicity and local resources, the promotion of Chinese teaching came out with little result. In this paper, the author suggests to develop a specific Chinese teaching system with Taiwan style by integrating political and commercial and educational resources. It is helpful to cooperate with overseas local groups to provide global Chinese learners with a better environment.

两岸外来词翻译的差异研究

정리방 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2016 中國硏究 Vol.68 No.-

There are three reasons for the translation difference of foreign words between the two sides of Taiwan Strait. The first is political and cultural differences, the second is language habit difference, and the third is the different translation technique in each field. This essay takes three translation viewpoint __ sound translation, meaning translation, sound and meaning translation, to discuss the translation difference of foreign words between the two sides of Taiwan Strait. The three above translation methods have different kinds of variations when applied in the fields of 1. Personal names and geographical names 2. Scientific, technical and Internet terms 3. Trademark naming…etc. Thus, it needs to analyze and explain deeply. In terms of personal names translation, both side of Strait mostly apply “sound translation”. However, in Taiwan, there is a habit of chineselizing of foreign names; famous people usually were translated into Chinese family names. Foreign people with Chinese family names create amiable rapport. This open mentality is what Chinese saying, “. The whole world is one family, all in universe are friends”. In aspect of geographical names translation, both side of Strait mostly apply “sound translation”. In respect of scientific, technical and Internet terms translation, both side of Strait mostly apply strict “meaning translation”. There are three reasons for the translation difference: First is that each side of Strait understands the original words in different viewpoint, the second is that each side of Strait is influenced by their own language habits and psychology, the third is the different translation technique. Foreign trademark translation is different from the translation of personal names, geographical names, scientific and technical terms. The former requires not only to understand the merchandise itself but also to consider the elements of product advertisement and consumers’ acceptance and reaction. While translating automobile trademarks, both side of Strait apply four methods: “sound translation”, ”meaning translation” “sound and meaning translation” and “non-translation”. Among the “sound and meaning translation”, we can find examples that satisfy every kind of the trademark translation principles as well as include the translation characteristic of compensatory translation and social translation. Through the evolution of trademark naming, we can observe the change in trend and consumer psychology. In addition, the trademark-merging phenomenon in both side of Strait deserves our attention, for those examples reflect the tendency of information exchange and trademark sharing in globalization era. 两岸外来词翻译差异的原因有三:一是两岸政治和文化方面的差异,二是两岸语言习惯的差异,三在是各领域翻译技巧的差异。本论文采取三种翻译法的角度,即“音译法”、“意译法”、“音意兼译”,以探讨两岸外来词翻译的差异。这些翻译法运用在(1)人名与地名(2)科技与网络用词(3)商标命名等各个领域中,出现了各种不同的变化,因此需要深入地剖析和说明。在人名翻译方面,两岸大部分采用“音译法”。但因为台湾有汉化外文名的习惯,多以汉姓翻译这些著名人物。汉化外国人的姓,是台湾人对有汉姓的外国人产生亲切感,这种开放的心态,是“天下一家,四海皆朋”的心态。在地名翻译方面,两岸大部分采用音译法。在科技与网络用词翻译方面,两岸大多采取严格的意译法。他们翻译的差异有三种原因。一是各自对原词理解的角度不同。二是受各自语言习惯和心理的影响。 三是由于翻译技巧的差异。外国商标的翻译与人名、地名、科技用词的翻译不同,除了对商品本身的理解以外,得考虑产品的广告和消费者的接受度或反应等因素。在汽车商标的翻译方面,两岸采取音译、意译、音意兼译和不译法的四种译法。其中,在音意兼译词中,可找出不仅满足商标翻译的各种原则,而且包含着补偿式译法、交际式译法等翻译特色的例子。我们可从商标命名的变迁中观察时代潮流和消费心理的变化。另外,值得注意的是两岸商标互相融合的现象。这些例子反映着全球化时代的信息交流和商标共有的趋势。

1938~1945년 베트남에서의 식민교육정책

정리나 동아인문학회 2019 동아인문학 Vol.46 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to find out the education policy of colonial Vietnam from the year of 1938 to 1945, which is relatively under- researched than the first and second education reforms. Though it was not easy to go over every detail of the policy due to lack of data, the information I can verify that in these years, French Indochina government completed its colonial education system in Vietnam and to learn about the education policy of the Japanese Empire. French Indochina completed their colonial education system to meet its special procurement demands during the wartime, completing the colonization process of Vietnam as well. Meanwhile, the Japanese Empire, stationed in the Indochina, built up a cooperative governing system with French Indochina government in an attempt to make the colony as an outpost of its southward conquest, reinforcing its influence on the region and winning the Vietnamese over. What is notable about the education policy in this period is that French Indochina government, competing with Japanese Empire, established a complete modernized western education system, which was localized to Vietnamese society and extended higher education. However, the essential goal of such education policy was to create an education system as a method and an instrument for effectively governing and exploiting the colony. In this process, certain aspects were observed of transformation and reappearance of Confucian ideology, which French Indochina government tried to get rid of in its colonial education policy. 이 글은 제1차・제2차 교육개혁에 대한 연구에 비해 상대적으로 연구가 미진한 1938~1945년 시기 베트남에서의 식민교육정책과 그 특징을 살피는 것을 목적으로 한다. 자료의 한계로 인해 모든 교육정책을 살피는 데는 어려움이 있지만 이 시기 베트남에서의 프랑스의 식민교육체제가 완성되었다는 점과 일제의 주둔으로 인한 변동 등의 특징을 살필 수 있었다. 이시기 프랑스는 베트남의 식민지화, 식민교육정책을 완성하였을 뿐만 아니라 전쟁기간동안 국가의 필요에 따라 새로운 교육을 강화하였다. 또한 인도차이나에 주둔하고 있던 일제는 프랑스와의 공동협력・지배체제를 구축하여 베트남을 남방진출의 발판으로 삼는 동시에 자신들의 영향력을 강화하고 베트남인들을 포섭하고자 하였다. 프랑스와 일본의 대결이 벌어진 이 시기 교육정책의 특징은 식민지 베트남 현지의 사정에 맞춘 근대식 서구교육의 확립과 완비가 이루어지고 고등교육의 확대가 이루어졌다는 점이다. 그러나 이러한 교육정책의 본질은 식민지 통치와 착취를 위한 수단과 도구로서의 교육 확립이었다. 이 과정에서 식민교육정책이 제거하는 것을 목표로 삼았던 유교이데올로기의 변용과 재현의 양상이 나타나기도 하였음을 알 수 있다.

臺灣流行詞語的文化解讀

鄭莉芳(Cheng, Li-fang) 한국외국어대학교 대만연구센터 2011 대만연구 Vol.- No.1