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장재봉,김민경,정경수 한국농식품정책학회 2022 농업경영정책연구 Vol.49 No.3
Consumer demand for meat is constantly growing and changing in Korea, and a number of studies have examined the determinants of meat demand, especially hanwoo beef. In addition to domestic Korean beef, consumers encounter various alternatives such as the U.S. and Australian beef in the beef market, and purchase them in consideration of their preferences and economic conditions. The selection attributes among various beef types might be interdependent between alternatives. The issue at hand is how to incorporate consumers considering other alternatives in their purchasing decisions. This study implements the multivariate probit model of Hanwoo beef, U.S. beef, and Australian beef that assesses how consumers’ characteristics and perception of beef attributes influence consumer beef purchasing decisions. Results show that significant correlations exist between origins of beef in the purchase decision, suggesting underlying complementary preferences among various beef origins. Taste and nutrition are found as the key factors in the purchasing decision of hanwoo beef, whereas safety and price are not. Moreover, the results reveal that consumers who regularly consume imported beef frequently purchase Hanwoo beef, meaning that there is a possibility to consider either Hanwoo beef or imported beef depending on the purpose of a dish to be cooked at home. Socioeconomic factors like age, income, family size, marital status and residential region significantly determine consumers’ shopping frequency of Hanwoo beef.
Evaluation of consumer preferences for general food values in Korea: best-worst scaling approach
장재봉 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.3
Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in what kind of value their food has. Many studies have focused on consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for specific food values. However, few studies have asked consumers to consider or rank the importance of different food values. This paper determined consumers' food values by implementing the best-worst scaling approach and segmented consumers based on the relative importance of general food values that consumers place on them. Among a list of eleven food values (taste, safety, origin, appearance, price, environmental impact, naturalness, convenience, nutrition, fairness, and habit) which was compiled from previous studies on food preferences, on average, safety, nutrition, taste, and price were the most important values to consumers, whereas fairness, habit, appearance, convenience, origin, and environmental impact were the least important values. However, significant variation exists among consumers in terms of the relative importance of food values. To investigate the heterogeneity among consumers, a Latent Class Analysis was performed to classify consumers into subgroups based on responses to questions. Two latent classes were found and characterized as ‘safety-nutrition’ and ‘taste-price’. The ‘safety-nutrition’ cluster represents 61% of the sample and a group of people who find safety and nutrition centered values to be the most important. Another cluster represents about 39% of the sample, and relative to the first group, this group finds price and taste values to be more important.
장재봉,김윤형 한국농촌계획학회 2022 농촌계획 Vol.28 No.4
This study empirically analyzed the welfare effect of the military purveyance program, which plays an important role in maintaining the sales channel and demand base in Korea’s agricultural and livestock industry, as well as the stable supply of safe ingredients for military meals essential for the morale and combat power of soldiers. The military purveyance program causes additional demand for domestic livestock products, affecting the trading volumes and price levels in the market. This will change the welfare of producers and consumers, and affect the welfare of soldiers who are subject to military meals. The analysis results obtained through a simulation method based on the equilibrium displacement model are as follows. In the case of pork delivered for military service, producer surplus increased by KRW 55.3-62.2 billion and consumer surplus decreased by KRW 55.1∼62.0 billion based on pork production in 2021. It wad analyzed that the consumer surplus in the military supply market, rather than the conventional market, increased by KRW 96.9 billion won, resulting in a total welfare gain of KRW 97.1 billion.
장재봉 동학학회 2009 동학학보 Vol.18 No.-
What is the meaning of the virtues of Donghak that are regarded as fusion among the Confucianism, the Buddhism, and the Zen sect as usual? If Donghak is not a simple imitation of the Confucianism, the Buddhism, and the Zen sect, Donghak will surely have an unique virtue of its own. The virtues of Donghak results from revelation of Donghak's teachings. The virtues of Donghak originated from Hanul. Hanul is a human character who calls himself a God, a supernatural being, and is shown as Jigi in the universe. Jigi is a source for change in creation of all things and livings things. Human beings will be able to unite with this Jigi and respond to all things through Sooshimjunggi. When unity with Jigi is made and interaction with all things are made through Sooshimjunggi, Shicheonju can come true. The virtues of Donghak can come true when Shicheonju is realized. Accordingly, Shicheonju is a condition from which the virtues of Donghak can be realized. The ascetics of Donghak that realized Shicheonju could be united with Jigi, a source of change in creation and life, will be able to make Hwatong in change in creation of all things, make Heasaeng with his or her own life and the life of the universe. make Worship of Heaven․Worship of human beings and further Worship of material come true, and make him or her have a mind to view himself or herself or others, or himself or herself with all other things as an equal beings without differentiation. As a consequence, the virtues of Donghak boil down to Hwatong and Hwasaeng based upon such minds as Hwa(congeniality), Worship of Heaven․Worship of human beings․Worship of material, and indiscrimination. Therefore, gakjawishim, which make myself and all things conflict and split can be evil virtue. The virtues of Donghak might be meaningful in the sense that it had inherited a traditional thought of Hwa(congeniality) for the Korean people, make it get back to central position of thinking, and overcome Joseon's division and conflict through Hwasaeng and Hwatong, make it extended to a single Korean race. 흔히 儒佛仙의 융합으로 이해되는 동학의 덕의 의미는 무엇인가? 동학이 유불선의 단순한 모방이 아니라면, 동학에는 동학만의 고유한 덕이 있을 것이다. 동학의 덕은 동학의 道의 드러남이기 때문이다. 동학의 덕의 원천자는 한울이다. 한울은 스스로 상제라 칭하는 인격적 존재이고, 초월적 존재이지만, 우주 속에서는 至氣로 나타난다. 지기는 만물의 생성변화와 생명의 원천이다. 사람은 守心正氣를 통해서 이 지기와 합일하고 만물과 감응한다. 수심정기를 통해서 지기와 합일되고 만물과 감응될 때 侍天主가 실현된다. 동학의 덕은 시천주가 실현될 때 얻어진다. 따라서 시천주는 동학의 덕의 성립 조건이다. 시천주를 실현한 동학의 도인은 생성변화와 생명의 원천인 지기와 합일되어 있으므로 만물의 생성변화에 和通하고 자신의 생명과 우주의 생명과 和生하여, 敬天․敬人과 나아가서 敬物을 실천하게 되고, 나와 타인, 나와 만물을 평등하게 바라보는 무차별의 마음을 갖게 된다. 따라서 동학의 덕은 和한 마음에 바탕을 한 和通과 和生, 그리고 경천․경인․경물과 무차별의 덕목을 가진다. 그러므로 나와 만물을 대립시키고 분열시키는 各自爲心이 不德이 된다. 동학 덕의 의의는 한민족 전통사상인 화 사상을 계승하고 다시 중심사상으로 복귀시켜서 화생과 화통을 통해서 조선의 분열과 대립을 극복하여 한민족이 하나임을 확인시키고 있다는 점이다.