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사료의 비타민 D2 및 D3 분석방법에 관한 연구 1 . 고성능 액체 크로마토그라프를 이용한 표준곡선 작성
장윤환,이선행,여영수,전진석 ( Y . H . Chiang,S . H . Lee,Yeoh,J . S . Cheon ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.8
This study was carried out as a preliminary step for analyzing the vitamin D₂ and D₃ in feedstuffs using HPLC. 1. Absorbance curve following the wavelength of UV light showed that the 264㎚ gave a maximum absorbance. 2. The mixed solution of 20 ppm vitaminD₂ and D₃ was injected in HPLC with μ Bondapak C_(18) column. The vitamin D₂ was resolved at 14.8 min. and D₃ at 15.4 min. after injection when eluted with 95% methanol + 5 % H₂O. 3. Varying amount of vitamin D₂ was injected into the column of μ Bondapak C_(18), and the detector 240 showed that the least detectable level was 5ng and that 5-100ng range brought a linear calibration curve. 4. When μ Bondapak column and 440 detector were used, 10-100ng range gave a linear standard curve. 5. When μ Porasil column and 440 detector were applied, 10-100ng range showed a linear calibration curve.
장윤환,강태홍,이규호,이인덕 ( Y . H . Chiang,T . H . Kang,K . H . Lee,I . D . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Distillers sweet potato and naked barley were studied for analyzing the chemical nutrients and measuring the metabolizable energy using chicks. Test materials were obtained 1) by sieve or filter press (7, 100 or 250 mesh) from distillers waste solution, and 2) by ground surface where the distillers waste solution were damped and part of liquid portion was leached down. The test materials were used in chemical analysis and metabolic energy test after dried in a draft oven at 60-70℃. Approximate analysis were conducted by the A.O.A.C. method. The cations were determined by the atomic absorption method and phosphorus was measured by colorimetry. Metabolizable energy content was observed by indicator method using the commercia diet which was replaced by the distillers sweet potato (40%). The crude protein contents of distillers sweet potato were 12.23% at air dry basis and those were increased as the finer sieves were used. No big differences were noticed on the contents of ether extract and ash. However, nitrogen-free extract increased and crude fiber decreased as the mesh of sieve or filter press increased. The changing trend of proximate analysis in distillers naked barley was similar to that in distillers sweet potato. However, the contents of crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract in distillers naked barley were higher and those of crude fiber and ash were lower than in distillers sweet potato. The high content of iron in distillers solids were noticed especially. It was thought that the reason might be drived from many steel facilities in distillers factory. The metabolizable energy content in distillers sweet potato from 100 mesh sieve was 2,250 ㎉/g and it was higher than those in some brans and similar to those in some seed meals.
돼지 간장의 지질색상에 의하여 발생된 C14 - 팔미틴 산의 방사능 억제
장윤환 ( Y . H . Chiang ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6
In order to get the optimum conditions for the counting of C^(14) activity in liver lipid samples, the count rate, counting efficiency and the accuracy of counting were investigated through the gains of 300-1000, using internal standard method and external standard channels ratio method. The activities of samples were counted through the two channels (windows) : C^(14) wide range (channel 1) and C^(14) over H³ narrow-range (channel 2). In internal standard method, channel 1 and gain 500 were selected as optimum instrumental conditions, and 30 ㎎ lipid sample showed more than 92% counting efficiency and less than +0.9 % deviation as a optimum sample condition. When one use this method of standardisation, the 30 ㎎ sample amount should be kept in his experimental counting, because there would be much higher deviation from theoretical activity in other amounts of sample, either more or less. In external standard channels ratio, the difference of accuracies on both channels were not so much, however, the counting in channel 2 was sightly more accurate. When petroleum ether-involving samples were used, 50 ㎎ lipid level showed best results, and gain 850 was selected as a optimum condition. Those conditions would represent more than 59.9% counting efficiency and less than +1.0% deviation. If this method is used, it will be ideal to make the standard curve of efficiency vs. channels ratio using the Name range of sample and same condition of instrument as those of real experiment.
한국산 Zeolite 의 염기치환용량이 Broiler 의 증체 , 사료효율 및 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향
장윤환,이상진,이규호,강태홍 ( Y . H . Chiang,S . C . Lee,K . H . Lee,T . H . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Feeding and metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of canon exchange capacity of zeolite added in broiler`s diet on growth and nutrient utilization. The 234 chicks were randomly allocated to triplicate 6 treatments. Metabolism study was carried out by 30 chicks (5 chicks each treatment). The control diet contained no zeolite, but experimental one contained 3% zeolite or grit. The tested zeolite possessed 40, 60, 80 or 100 me/100g canon exchange capacity. The whole rations were adjusted to have iso-calorie and -protein. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average weight gain of broilers showed no significant difference among treatments for 8 weeks. However, somewhat higher gain in zeolite or grit block was noticed compared to that in control. 2. Feed consumption represented no significant difference among treatments. 3. Feed required for Kg body weight gain in zeolite or grit group was slightly less than that in control, however, the difference was not significant. 4. Feed cost for body weight gain in zeolite or grit treatment was lower than that in control. 5. Utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus appeared to have similar values among treatments. However, carbohydrate utilization was improved by zeolite or grit supplementation. 6. Moisture contents in excreta from zeolite-fed chicks were less than that from control chicks, bur no significant difference was recognized. Those from grit-fed brids were more than that of control. 7. Ash contents in diets including zeolite or grit were very high (8-9%).
유추에 의한 사료의 대사에너지 측정방법에 관한 연구 1 . 반정제사료 이용법과 관용사료 이용법의 비교
장윤환,박용윤,강태홍,지설하,이영상 ( Y . H . Chiang,Y . Y . Park,T . H . Kang,S . H . Chee,Y . S . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5
Two procedures using semi-purified diet (SPD) and practical diet (PD) were compared to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) in feedstuffs by growing chicks. The reference diet of each procedure was formulated into two categories; one for starch feeds and the other(low protein) for protein feeds. The triplicate ten male chicks of White Leghorn were plotted for each treatment. The chicks two weeks old were fed experimental diets for another two weeks, of which the last three days were allotted for sampling their excreta. The feces were dried and analyzed for calorie, nitrogen, and chromium oxide. The excreted energy and nitrogen were calculated from the ratio of chromium oxide contents in feed and excreta. The ME. value was computed by the proportional method. 1. The ME. of glucose were 3,273 and 2,580 ㎉/㎏ dry matter (DM) when chicks were fed appropriate and low level of protein, respectively. The reason for less ME. values than 3,640 published by foreign researchers might be the impurity of glucose tested. However, the farmer result showed more close to the foreigners than the laters. It was considered that the suitable amount of protein in chick ration should be provided for determining the glucose ME. 2. The ME content in rations of treatments were 2,700∼3,200 ㎉/㎏ DM. The standard deviations from average ME values of SPD were less than those of PD. Therefore, it was believed that the experimental accuracy of PD method might be higher than that of SPD one. 3. The ME for yellow corn were measured as 1994 and 3,027㎉/㎏ air dry matter(ADM) when SPD and PD were employed, respectively. The later result was more similar to the others data than the formers. 4. The ME of wheat from PD procedure brought higher value than that from SPO one, and more similar to the others result. 5. The fish meal showed 2,630 and 2,752 ㎉/㎏ ADM from SPD and PD, respectively. The slightly higher value from the later was more similar to the other values, too. 6. The values from soybean meal represented a reverse trend compared to those from three kinds of feedstuffs above described. Viewing from the accuracy of measurement, similarity of the result to the others, and the expense for the ration formulation, it was believed that the PD method might be recommended for determining the ME content of feedstuffs in condition of Korea.
Broiler 사료의 영양밀도 및 Zeolite 수준이 증체 , 영양소 이용율 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향
장윤환,여영수 ( Y . H . Chiang,Y . S . Yeo ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6
A factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of two nutrition densities and three zeolite levels ( 0, 1.5 and 3.0 percent) on body weight gain, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, mineral balance, serum characteristics and feed cost of broilers. The day-old Hubbard chicks were$quot; allocated to tripilcate of six treatments. The body weight gain of chicks was not influenced by zeolite level in diets of high nutrition density. However, an increasing body weight performance was recognized when increasing levels of zeolite were supplemented to the diets of low nutrition density, even though no significant difference was found among these treatments. Feed efficiency was improved by the addition of 1.5% zeolite to the ration with high nutrition density. However, similar efficiencies were recorded for chicks fed diets containing different zeolite levels and low nutrition density. The utilization efficiencies of proximate nutrients were highest for chicks receiving no zeolite. Similarly the utilization efficiencies of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium were highest with diets containing no zeolite, whereas for magnesium, manganese and zinc the efficiency of utilization was highest for diets containing zeolite. The calcium contents of serum taken from chicks fed no zeolite were higher than those of treatments containing zeolite. There was no significant difference among phosphorus content of serum from any treatment. The level of alkaline phosphatase in serum from high nutrition density diets was higher than chicks fed low nutrition density diets, while in serum from chicks fed increasing levels of zeolite these levels increased in high nutrition density group, but not significantly. The reverse trend was recognized in low nutrition density treatment, also not significantly. The mean feed cost per Kg body weight gain of chicks fed ration with I.5% zeolite was lowest for treatments from high nutrition density diets and that with 3.0% zeolite was lowest in chicks fed low nutrition density diets. The high nutrition density diet cost more per unit gain of body weight than the low nutrition density diets.