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장연희,조윤수,곽미정 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was designed to identify nursing competency for nurses and factors related to nursing competency. Method: A questionnaire was used for data collection which was done between September 1 and September 12, 2005. The respondents were 357 staff nurses including charge nurses employed in K-university hospital. Nursing competency was measured using the scale developed by Jang(2000) of behavioral indicators of 13 nursing competencies. Additions were made by Lee(2001). For factors related to nursing competency, the self-esteem was measured using the self-esteem Scale by Rosenberg. Additions were made by Lee(1981). The data were analyzed by using percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression which were done with SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 1. The total mean score for nursing competency was 2.69 on a 4 point scale. For the four nursing competency groups on Jang's scale, the total means for each were as follows: scientific nursing competency group 2.57, ethical nursing competency group 2.78, personal nursing competency group 2.71, esthetical nursing competency group 2.69. The individual nursing competency item with the highest mean score was understanding patients(mean=2.83) in esthetical nursing competency group and the lowest mean score for an individual item was 2.46 at professional development power in scientific nursing competency group. 2. There was a significant difference in nursing competency according to the individual factors of age, marital status, total clinical experience, length of time on present ward, and educational background. More total clinical experience, the mean score of nursing competency was higher, but there was no significant difference between under 1 year and 2~3 year. 3. Self-esteem was positively correlated to nursing competency. 4. Result of multiple regression showed that self-esteem and age explained 26.8% of nursing competency. Conclusion: Self-esteem had a strong influence to nursing competency in nurses. Therefore, in order to increase self-esteem, individualized nursing strategy must be developed for improvement the morale of the nurses and professional self-esteem.
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張蓮熙,朴順姬,李英淑,朴相子 曉星女子大學家政學會 1971 효대가정학회지 : 효성여대 Vol.1 No.1
Haw much L-Ascorbic acid contained quantity in sweet Potato, be destroyed when we cook it especially, if we use the city-water for cookery. Haw much L-Ascorbic acid be destoyed by Fe ion which the city-water contain. We can see about it as a result of following experiment. First. when we use the city-water for cookery, as we, immediately, turn on the tap of the water-service which was rocket for a long time, there are much Fe ion in water, and as we use it for cooking sweet-potato, the L-Ascorbic acid destroyed in Sweet potato was very much. Second there are very few Fe ion in the water, if we turn on the tap and keep it on for 5 minites then we cook with it, we find there are very few L-Ascorbic acid destroyed. So we can see, when we cook, sweet potato, Fe ion contained in the water for cookery and the L-Ascorbic acid in sweet potato are in inverse proportion.
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장연희,박은경 한국음악치료학회 2018 한국음악치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2
이 연구의 목적은 발달장애아동을 대상으로 한 집단 음악치료의 연구 효과를 종합적으로 제시 하여 전체 효과크기를 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 최근 20년간(1998년~2017년) 발표된 국내 학 위논문과 학술지 총 14편의 논문에서 총 33개의 효과크기를 산출하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 발달장애아동을 위한 집단 음악치료는 효과적이었다. 무선효과모형으로 분석한 전 체 평균 효과크기는 .761으로 중간정도 효과크기로 나타났다. 둘째, 연구 대상별 평균 효과크기 는 자폐성장애아동, 발달장애아동, 지적장애아동의 순서로 효과크기를 보였고, 연구 대상의 연 령별에서는 청소년, 미취학아동, 학령기아동 순서로 효과크기를 보였다. 셋째, 중재 방법별 평균 효과크기는 음악과 동작, 재창조 연주, 노래 부르기, 즉흥 연주의 순서로 모두 중간정도 효과크 기로 나타났다. 넷째, 중재 목적별 평균 효과크기는 사회 영역, 언어 영역, 정서 영역의 순서로 모두 중간정도 효과크기로 나타났다. 다섯째, 집단 음악치료의 회기는 1회기~10회기, 11회 기~20회기에서 효과크기를 보였다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 발달장애아동을 위한 집단 음악치료 연구의 방향성 제시 및 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료로써 의미가 있다. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively present the effects of group music therapy for children with developmental disabilities and to determine the total effect size. To that end, we calculated 33 effect sizes in 14 studies consisting of domestic theses and journal articles published in recent 20 years (1998~2017). The findings of this study are as follows. First, the group music therapy for children with developmental disabilities was effective. The total mean effect size analyzed with a random effect model turned out to be a medium effect size of .761. Second, the mean effect size by object group was the largest in children with autistic disabilities, followed by children with developmental disabilities and children with intellectual disabilities. The mean effect size by age group was the largest in adolescents, followed by preschool children, and school-age children. Third, the mean effect size by intervention method was the largest in music and movement, followed by re-creative playing, singing, and improvisation, and all the effect sizes were medium level. Fourth, the mean effect size by intervention purpose was the largest in social area, followed by language area and emotion area, and all the effect sizes were medium level. Fifth, by the number of sessions, the group music therapy showed an effect size in 1~10 sessions and 11~20 sessions. The results of this study are meaningful as basic data for the presentation of future directions and the program development of group music therapy research for children with developmental disabilities.
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장연희 국립중앙박물관 2023 박물관보존과학 Vol.29 No.-
Daehye Bogakseonsaseo (Letters of Master Bogak) in the possession of the National Museum of Korea is a Goryeo-era book produced in 1387, which was acquired in 2005 in a state of severe general damage. Subsequently, its production techniques and materials were examined using bibliographical characteristics and scientific analysis, based on which an overall conservation treatment was carried out. Jang hwang(mounting) in bibliographical characteristics is a five-hole-stitch binding (五針眼線裝本), a single-lined rectangular box (四周單邊), and no column lines. The conservation treatment was examined in two aspects: the basic form and the conservation treatment process. The book is composed of the outer cover, original cover, end paper, and inner paper of 0.04-0.07mm thick, which is significantly thinner than general book paper. The conservation treatment was applied after the entire book was disassembled, based on the assessment that both the cover and the inner sheets of paper were in a dire condition due to deterioration. The conservation treatment comprised of the process of disassembly, cleaning, reinforcement of defective parts, scanning, and binding, with a paulownia box made for its storage. At the time of disassembly, samples were made for the inner sheets and the book string in order to conduct fiber identification. The fibers were identified using Safranin and C-stains. Safranin staining identified a thick fiber wall, in addition to cross-marking, dislocation, and transparent membranes. C-stain staining identified the fiber as mulberry, given the dark red residue. The book strap has a flat, circular cross-section, and was identified as cotton fiber, since a lumen was observed in the center 국립중앙박물관 소장 대혜보각선사서는 1387년에 제작된 고려시대 서책으로 2005 년 입수 되었으며 전체적인 손상이 매우 심각하였다. 이에 장황 특성과 과학적 분석을 통해 제작기법과 재료를 조사하였고 이를 토대로 전체 보존처리가 진행되었다. 서지학적 특성으로 장황형태는 오침안선장본(五針眼線裝本)이며 판식은 광곽이 사주단변(四周單邊), 계선은 무계(無界)이다. 보존처리는 기본 형태 조사 와 보존처리 과정을 살폈다. 형태는 겉표지와 원표지, 면지, 내지로 구성되어 있으며 내지는 0.04~0.07mm로 일반적인 책지에 비해 매우 얇은 특성을 보인다. 표지와 내지 모두 열화로 인한 부서짐이 심각한 상태로 판단되어 전체 해체를 통해 보존처리가 진행되었다. 보존처리는 해체-클리닝-결손부 보강-스캔-제책 과정을 거쳤으며 오동나무 상자를 제작하여 보관하도록 하였다. 해체 시 내지와 책 끈의 시료를 채취하여 섬유 식별을 진행하였다. 내지 섬유식별은 사프라닌과 C-stain 염색으로 식별하였다. 사프라닌 염색 결과 섬유벽이 두껍고 마디와 왜곡, 투명막이 확인되었고, C-stain 염색 결과 탁한 적색을 띠고 있어 닥나무 섬유로 식별하였다. 책 끈은 단면이 편평한 원형의 형태이며 중앙부분에 루멘이 관찰되어 면섬유로 판별하였다
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장연희,윤은영,김수연 국립중앙박물관 2014 박물관보존과학 Vol.15 No.-
심희수 초상화는 조선 17세기 공신상이며 ‘종가 보존본’과 ‘차종손댁 보존본’ 2본으로 1980년에 기증되었다. 기존 장황 형태를 그대로 유지하고 있었으나 화견의 결손 및 수해에 의한 얼룩 등 손상 상태가 매우 심각하여 보존처리를 진행하여 원형을 살리도록 복원하였다. 또한 X-ray 촬영 및 XRF, XRD, 그라프 “C” 정색반응 등 다양한 과학적 조사를 통해 재료 및 제작 기법을 조사하였다. 바탕 직물은 정련된 견섬유로 씨실 2줄이 한 쌍으로 날실 1줄로 이루어진 평직으로 되어 있었다. 배접지 분석 결과, 1차 배접지는 대나무 섬유의 중국지, 2차 배접지는 닥나무 섬유의 한지로 확인되었다. 안료는 연백, 주사, 연단, 아타카마이트, 먹, 석청, 은, 금 등 다양한 전통 안료를 사용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 채색기법을 조사한 결과 흰색(연백)·녹색(아타카마이트)·주황(연단)·흑색(먹)·황색(금) 등의 색을 사용하여 배채가 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 X-ray 투과사진에서 먹이나 염료와 함께 연백을 혼용하여 사용하였음을 알 수 있었다. Portrait of Sim Huisu is a seventeenth-century Joseon portrait of a meritorious vassal. The National Museum of Korea currently owns two portraits of Sim Huisu, which are the eldest son’s family and by the eldest grandson of the family’s second eldest son. Both were donated in 1980. Portraits were still in its original mounting, but the supporting silk had been damaged and stained in a flood. Conservation treatment was undertaken to restore the original style, and scientific analysis, such as, X-ray, XRD, XRF and Graff "C" stain, was conducted to study the materials and painting techniques. The support silk was found to be refined fibroin and a plain weave consisting of two weft threads and one warp thread. The lining papers were found to be bamboo fiber paper of first layer in China and Korean traditional mulberry paper in second. Various pigments were identified in the painting, including white lead, cinnabar, atacamite, ink stick, azurite, silver, and gold. The study also confirmed the use of the back painting, with colors such as white(White Lead), green(Atacamite), orange(Minium), black(Ink Stick), and yellow(Dye). Also, it was found that stick ink or dye was used with white lead.
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조선시대 족자 장황에 사용된 고리의 재료 및 제작기법 연구
장연희,윤은영,권윤미,김수연 국립중앙박물관 2015 박물관보존과학 Vol.16 No.-
족자 고리는 끈이나 유소를 고정시켜 걸 수 있도록 하는 장황 부속품으로 형태가 다양하며 여러 금속재를 사용하여 제작되었다. 현재 전통 형식의 고리는 대부분 개장으로 인해 유실되었으며, 일본식 고리를 사용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국립중앙박물관에 소장된 전통 족자 19점을 대상으로 고리의 형태와 제작기법, 성분을 조사하여 옛 형태를 복원해 보고자 하였다. 의궤 내용에서 고리는 원환(圓環), 국화동(菊花童), 배목(排目) 등 고유의 명칭으로 기록되어 있다. 휴대용 엑스선 형광분석기(portable X-ray fluorescence, Artax, Rontec)로 성분을 분석한 결과, 전통 형식의 고리는 황동, 철, 은-구리합금 등 다양한 금속재로 확인되었다. 구리와 아연이 주성분인 황동은 17점 족자 고리에 사용되었다. 전 윤시달 초상(신2339)의 배목에서는 철을 사용하였으며, 주석-납 합금으로 도금하였다. 이서구 초상(신1065)에서는 고리 전체가 은-구리합금으로 제작되었음을 확인하였다. 광학현미경(Leica, M205A)으로 제작 방법을 조사한 결과 원환은 금속봉을 절단한 뒤 둥글게 휘어 만든 유형과 주조로 제작된 유형으로 확인되었다. 배목은 주조한 합금으로 봉재나 판재를 만들고 다시 단조과정을 거쳐 제작하였고, 배목장식은 금속판재를 잘라 형태를 만든 후 축조와 타출기법 등으로 무늬를 새겨 장식하였다. Ring in the scroll painting is one of the mounting elements which are fixed string and tassel to hang, these differ widely in shape and produce a variety of metals. Most traditional shapes of ring have been lost, because of remount, there are used Japanese style rings in present. Therefore, this study examines to shape, production technique and analyze component traditional style rings of 19 traditional scroll paintings in National Museum of Korea for restoration of original style. Ring has been recorded official names; Wonhwan(Ring), Gukhwadong(Chrysanthemum shaped ornaments), Baemok(Ring-shaped nail) in Uigwe. Result of an optical microscope (Leica, M205A), Wonhwan has two type of production technique; one is cutting and bending a metal rod and other is cast. Baemok is made to forging process after metal rod or plate by casting alloy. Baemok decoration is metal plate cutting shape, and then decorates it with pattern by using kicking line engraving, chasing and so on. Component analysis result from portable X-ray fluorescence found various metals, such as, brass, iron silver-cooper. Brass based on copper and zinc used rings of 17 scroll painting. Baemok of Yun Sidal portrait is used iron and plated with a tin-lead alloy. Yi Seogu portrait is silver-cooper alloy in whole ring.
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장연희,윤은영,김예인,박진영 국립중앙박물관 2016 박물관보존과학 Vol.17 No.-
유소는 족자를 걸기 위한 끈의 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 기존 어진과 공신도상의 유소 연구결과를 기반으로 사대부상의 유소에 초점을 맞추어 연구하였다. 조사대상은 국립중앙박물관 소장 초상화에 장착된 유소 7점으로 형태와 제작 재료에 관해 분석하였다. 그 결과 대부분 16사의 동다회로 6점은 홍색, 1점은 쪽색으로 제작되어 전형적인 사대부상 유소의 형태를 보이고 있었다. 분석 결과 윤급 초상(덕3503)은 종이에 금박을 입힌 것이며, 금 아래 적색 안료 입자는 Fe로, 산화철 계통의 안료인 석간주가 사용된 것으로 보인다. 신임 초상(덕수4846)은 속지의 주성분이 금으로 납, 수은, 은이 소량 확인되었고, 이성원 초상(본10122)은 주성분이 Ag로 은지인 것이 확인되었다. 이서구 초상(신1065)은 주성분이 Ag, Fe, Br이며 속지는 가죽으로 제작되었다. 가죽을 FTIR로 분석한 결과 지문 영역에서 양가죽의 스펙트럼과 거의 일치하고 있어, 양가죽을 가공한 피금(皮金)인 것으로 확인되었다. Yuso is the term for decorative tassels of a braided string which hangs a scroll painting. This study, drawing on extant research concerning the yuso made for Joseon period portrait scrolls of kings and meritorious retainers, focuses on the yuso created to hang literati portraits. Concretely, It examines yuso of seven portraits in the collection of the National Museum of Korea in order to characterize their appearance and determine their material composition. The study found that most of the yuso are sixteen-strand strings braided into a rounded cross-section(dongdahoe). The seven yuso, of which six are red and one indigo-blue, reflect the popular style associated with Joseon period literati portraits. The yuso for the portrait of Yun Geup(duksu 3503) is made from gilded paper. Analysis showed Fe particles present in a red pigment underlying the gold layer, suggesting the presence of red ochre(seokganju), an iron oxide mineral. The yuso of the portrait of Shin lm(duksu 4846) is used a paper which contains gold as well as traces of Pb, Hg and Ag. The paper in the yuso for the portrait of Yi Seongwon(bongwan 10122) mainly consisted of Ag, indicating silver paper having been used in its fabrication. The inner paper in the yuso of the portrait of Yi Seogu(sinsu 1065) is a leather combined with Ag, Fe, and Br, according to chemical analysis. The FTIR of the leather sample reveals that the spectrum in the fingerprint region is nearly identical to that of sheepskin, indicating the yuso was made from gold-coated sheepskin.
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