Evaluation of microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut fruit products at retail levels in Korea

장아라,한아름,이소율,조수영,송하나,김단비,이선영 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.10

The risk of foodborne illnesses caused bypathogens could be increased in fresh-cut fruit productsowing to contamination during processing. Therefore, thisstudy was conducted to investigate the microbiologicalquality and safety of commercial fresh-cut fruit products inKorea. Additionally, the growth of Listeria monocytogenesin selected fresh-cut fruits was evaluated, and their growthcurves were analyzed using predictive growth modeling. The mean count of total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, andyeast/mold was 3.67±1.73 log10 CFU/g, 1.54±1.01 log10CFU/g, and 3.81±1.51 log10 CFU/g, respectively. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliO157:H7, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Cyclosporaspp. were not detected in any of the testedsamples. Only Bacillus cereus was detected in a few samplesat the mean level of 1.72±0.13 log10 CFU/g. Thegrowth of L. monocytogenes varied depending on the typeof fruit; they grew well in non-acidic fresh-cut fruit productsduring storage at 10 °C.

냉장 중 품질변화 측정 지표 개발을 위한 냉장고 형태별(개방형 및 도어형) 저장 중 주요 냉장 식품의 품질변화 측정

장아라,송현지,정현우,추의진,이선영,A-Ra Jang,Hyunji Song,Hyunwoo Joung,Euijin Choo,Sun-Young Lee 한국급식외식위생학회 2023 급식외식위생학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of refrigerator type and temperature fluctuations on the quality changes of refrigerated foods. Phycochemical and sensory quality, as well as microbial growth, were measured for various foods stored in open- or door-type refrigerators set at 5℃ during storage. The average temperatures recorded were 11.50±1.14℃ in an open refrigerator, and 6.34±0.97℃ in a closed refrigerator. The average surface temperatures of the food items were 9.60±1.20 and 6.00±0.80℃ for open and closed refrigerators, respectively. Significant changes in color and appearance quality were observed in lettuce, mackerel, ground beef, and cut pineapples when stored in open refrigerators. Ready-to-Eat foods such as gimbap and sandwiches exhibited higher levels of microbiological proliferation when stored in open refrigerators compared to closed refrigerators. Processed foods, such as sterilized milk and packaged tofu, did not show significant differences in quality among various types of refrigerators. The installation of refrigerator doors can effectively minimize temperature fluctuations caused by external factors, thereby reducing variations in food quality. These findings provide essential insights into the quality changes associated with the implementation of refrigerator doors, serving as fundamental data for ensuring optimal food preservation.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 Drives the Activation and Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells via TLR4-Mediated Signaling

장아라,김그린,홍정주,강순명,신성재,박종환 대한면역학회 2019 Immune Network Vol.19 No.2

6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6), a virulent factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is involved in immune regulation. However, the underlying mechanism behind the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by ESAT6 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect on TLRs signaling on the regulation of ESAT6-induced activation and maturation of DCs. ESAT6 induced production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from wild-type and TLR2-deficient mice, with this induction abolished in TLR4-deficient cells. NF-κB is essential for the ESAT6-induced production of the cytokines in BMDCs. TLR4 was also required for ESAT6-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in BMDCs. ESAT6 additionally upregulated the expression of surface molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC-II, and also promoted the ability of CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ via the TLR4-dependent pathway. Our findings suggest that TLR4 is critical in the activation and maturation of DCs in response to ESAT6.

대학도서관 주제자료실의 가구계획 및 배치유형 분석

장아리(Chang, Ari),황연숙(Hwang, Yeon-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

University libraries aim to improve not only educational effects but also the general quality of colleges. A primary way of pursuing this goal is through providing professors and students with sufficient amounts of available references and materials that can be used for academic purposes. However, even though university libraries are intended to be used by college students majoring in different fields, they tend to provide mostly books. This limited offering of resources means that they are not distinguishing themselves from regular libraries. The purpose of this study is to present basic data for the spatial design of a subject specialization room in a college library. Included in the design are recommendations for the type and placement of the furniture in the room. The summary of results for this and the conclusions are as follows: The layout of data space and reading space in a subject specialization room can be categorized into both document-oriented (document centralized and document categorized) and reading-oriented (reading centralized, all, and group types). The public reading seats and private reading seats in a subject specialization room, according to their ratio, can be divided into private reading, public reading, and distributed reading sections. The ratio of open-spaced tables is higher for groups of four or more people, but users often sit separately from others in order to ensure privacy. Unfortunately, this practice results in seating gaps that do not make efficient use of space. The result is that the public reading seats are less efficient than the private reading seats in terms of space. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of cubicles.

Ischemic brain injury decreases dynamin-like protein 1 expression in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model and glutamate-exposed HT22 cells

장아람,고필옥 한국실험동물학회 2016 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.32 No.4

Dynamin-like protein I (DLP-1) is an important mitochondrial fission and fusion protein that is associated with apoptotic cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated DLP-1 expression in a focal cerebral ischemia animal model and glutamate-exposed hippocampal-derived cell line. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was surgically induced in adult male rats to induce focal cerebral ischemic injury. Brain tissues were collected 24 hours after the onset of MCAO. MCAO induces an increase in infarct volume and histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex. We identified a decrease in DLP-1 in the cerebral cortices of MCAO-injured animals using a proteomic approach and Western blot analysis. Moreover, glutamate treatment significantly decreased DLP-1 expression in a hippocampalderived cell line. The decrease in DLP-1 indicates mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, these results suggest that neuronal cell injury induces a decrease in DLP-1 levels and consequently leads to neuronal cell death.

웹어워드 부문별 통합대상_금융부문 통합대상 : 대한민국을 대표하는 은행의 편리하고 안전한 종합 금융서비스 -KB국민은행

장아나(차장) (사)한국인터넷전문가협회 2016 Web Korea Annual Vol.2016 No.-

무궁화나무(Hibiscus syriacus) 수피 추출물의 페놀산 조성 및 기능성화장품 소재 가능성 평가

장아람 ( Ah-ram Jang ),송연숙 ( Yeon-sook Song ),김명곤 ( Myung-kon Kim ),이근광 ( Keun-kwang Lee ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenolic acid contents and compositions, and possibility of functional cosmetic ingredients of Hibiscus syriacus bark extracts with hot water and 70% ethanol solution. The results were as follows: Total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, hot water extract was grater than 70% ethanol extract. Regarding the composition of polyphenol compound, 8 different types of phenolic acids and 4 different types of flavonoids were found in hot-water and 70% ethanol extracts. In terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, water extract was about 2 times grater than 70% ethanol extract. Nitrite-scavenging activity against hot water extract was 52.30 ± 0.42% and for the 70% ethanol extract was 46.00 ± 0.52% of stem bark in pH 1.2, respectively. In the tyrosinase inhibition activity of IC50, hot water extract was about 1.6 times grater than 70% ethanol extract. Bacterium cell growth was inhibited the proportional to the concentration for both the hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of bark for the Gram-negative E. coli KCCM 11234 bacterium. Cytotoxicity for SK-MEL-2 cell line was not appeared for hot water, and appeared about 16% in the 100 μg for 70% ethanol extract.

장애령과 이선희 소설에 나타난 신여성상 비교 연구 -『붉은 장미와 흰 장미』와 『계산서』를 중심으로

장아함 ( Zhang Yahan ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2019 사회과학연구 Vol.12 No.2

중·한 양국에서 가부장제 사회의 여성상을 다룬 문학 분야에서 장애령과 이선희는 비슷한 시대적 배경과 성장과정을 거친 두 여류 작가로 여성상을 반영한 작품을 많이 집필하였다. 장애령은 여성에 대한 묘사에 초점을 맞춰 여성문학의 새로운 지평을 열었으며, 이선희도 여성 이미지를 부각시키는 데 주력하고 그 시대여성의 의식 변화를 생생하게 재현했다. 이 논문은 장애령의 작품인 『붉은 장미와 흰 장미』와 이선희의 작품인 『계산서』를 연구 대상으로 소설 주인공 왕쟈오루이 (王嬌蕊)와‘ 나’의 신여성상을 비교·대조하는 연구를 진행하여 1930~40년대 서양 문화의 충격을 받은 중·한 양국의 신여성상을 부각시키려고 한다. 연구 결과 첫째, 두 여주인공이 모두 서양문화의 영향을 받음으로써 자아의식의 각성 및 자유연애와 인권평등을 추구하는 신여성의 모습을 갖추게 되는 한편, 왕쟈오루이는 남편 의존적이며 사회현실에서 크게 벗어나지 못하는 도시 여성인 ‘나’에 비해 독립적인 성향을 더 강하게 보이는 여성으로 비춰지고 있다. 둘째, 작품에서 드러나는 장애령의 여성관은 자아 정체성을 가지고 주체적이며 독립적인 삶의 태도를 갖춘 여성이며, 이선희는 여성의 자아 정체성은 중요하지만 결혼, 가정 또는 사회생활에서 완전히 벗어날 수 없는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 셋째, 작품을 통해 1930~40년대 봉건 사상에서 벗어나 남녀평등과 독립을 추구하는 중국의 신여성상과 념녀평등과 여성독립을 추구지만 여전히 가부장적 사회의 테두리를 벗어나지 못하는 한국의 신여성상이 대비되고 있다. In the literature dealing with female images in the patriarchal society of China and Korea, Zhang Ailing and Li Shanxi, two female writers with a similar period background, wrote many works. Zhang focused on a depiction of women and opened a new horizon of female literature, and Li also devoted herself to a portrayal of female images and vividly recreated Korean women's thoughts at that time. This study took Zhang Ailing's “Red Rose and White Rose” and Li Shanxi's “Calculation Book” to conduct a comparative study on the new female image of China and Korea in the 1930s and 1940s, which were influenced by Western culture. Conclusions are as follows. First, a protagonist Wang Jiaorui in Zhang's is a new woman who pursues free love, human rights and equality, and self-consciousness while‘ I’ in Li's are dependent on her husband and cannot be separated from social reality. Second, Zhang has a strong self and an independent attitude while Li identifies with her own subjectivity but feels inseparable from her marriage, family and social life. Third, Chinese new females in the 1930s and 1940s tried to get rid of the feudal ideology and pursued equality and independence while Korean new females also pursued equality and independence but still could not remove the patriarch system.

건축 및 실내디자인전공 조형 관련 기초교과목 운영사례

장아리(Chang, Ah-Ri) 한국실내디자인학회 2019 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

논문 : 대학생의 전공계열을 고려한 대학도서관 공간계획 적용요소에 관한 연구

장아리 ( Ah Ri Chang ),황연숙 ( Yeon Sook Hwang ) 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.5

본 연구는 대학도서관 주제자료실의 공간요소 중요도 평가를 통해 공간계획요소를 개발하여 대학생의 전공주제를 고려한 대학도서관의 디자인 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 대학이라는 특성상 대학도서관의 이용자들은 뚜렷한 전공주제를 가지고 있으며, 전공주제에 따라 학습양식에 차이가 있다. 따라서 각각의 학습양식에 적합한 학습환경이 필요하며 이는 이용자의 학습성과에 영향을 주기 때문에 학습양식 및 전공계열에 따라 공간요소에서 중요하게 여기는 항목들을 구분하여 차별화 된 자료실을 계획해야 한다. 공간요소 중요도 평가를 위해 대학생 총 143명의 설문응답을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 전공계열에 따라 공간요소 중요도 평가에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 전반적으로 이공계열의 학생들이 인문사회계열의 학생들보다 중요도 점수가 높았다. 특히 이공계열 학생들은 디자인 관련 요소에 대해 중요하게 여겼으며, 인문사회계열 학생들은 사회적 요소에 대해 중요하게 여겼다. 이러한 결과를 반영하여 현재 획일적으로 계획되어 있는 대학도서관 학습환경을 대학이라는 특성을 고려한 전공주제별 이용자의 관점에서 차별적인 공간계획이 이루어질 수 있도록 변화해야 할 것이다. 도출된 공간계획요소를 평가도구로 하여 향후 대학도서관의 공간평가와 이용태도조사를 통해 전공주제에 따른 차별적인 공간모델 계획의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study rests on the development of spatial factors for subject reference libraries within academic libraries. The study will be based around the evaluation of data collected from 143 surveys carried out by students on a diverse range of undergraduate courses. The result of the study revealed meaningful distinctions in the evaluation of importance of spatial factors across majors and departments. As a general rule, students in the natural sciences valued their spatial factors more than students in the humanities or social sciences. The former group especially appreciated design factors, whereas the latter group focused on the social aspects of their studies and being able to communicate with other students. Universities should consider the outcome of these results and allow for the design and construction of study spaces, which are currently uniform, so that they may reflect the needs of each unique field of study.