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‘주름진 천’의 전복성: ‘위계’에 저항하는 김용익의 개념미술
장승연 한국미술연구소 2023 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.56
Artist Kim Yong-Ik made his debut in 1974 with <Plane Object> series and attracted attention as a young artist in the field of Korean modernist art(Dansaekhwa). He interacted with Minjung Artists in the 1980s and 1990s, and actively participated in various public art projects in the 2000s. Therefore, his artistic life in 50 years has been linked to the issue of dichotomous confrontation in the history of Korean contemporary art, such as modernism and Minjung art in the 1970s and 1990s, and fine art and public art in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result, most of the existing criticism and research have discussed his work within this dichotomous perspective. This article aims to newly link Kim Yong-Ik’s representative work from the 1970s to the 2000s as a process of the artist’s consistent practice of conceptualism. Kim once referred to his work as “a process of seeking aesthetic strategies that disrupt the myth of exclusive and isolated modernity”. Based on his comments, this article discuss his subversive aesthetic strategy from the perspective of ‘ecology’, which the artist has referred to as an important alternative concept. 한국미술계에서 미술가 김용익의 작업 세계는 매우 독자적인 여정으로 평가되어왔다. 1974년 <평면 오브제> 시리즈로 데뷔하며 한국 모더니즘 계열의 젊은 작가로 주목받은 그는 1981년 스스로 모더니즘과의 단절을 공언한 이후 1980~90년대에 민중미술가들과 교류했으며, 2000년대에는 여러 공공/자연미술 프로젝트에 활발히 참여했다. 따라서 50여 년에 이르는 그의 작업 세계는 1970~90년대 모더니즘과 민중미술, 1990~2000년대 순수미술과 공공미술과 같이 한국미술의 흐름 속 첨예한 이분법적 대립의 쟁점과 맞물려 왔다. 따라서 기존 비평과 연구는 대부분 이러한 이분법적 구도 안에서 그의 작업을 논의해 왔으며, 김용익의 작업은 2000년을 기준으로 순수미술과 공공미술의 두 카테고리로 나뉘어 다뤄지곤 한다. 이 글은 기존 관점을 벗어나, 김용익의 1970년대부터 2000년대의 시기별 대표 작업을 작가의 일관된 개념주의의 실천과 과정의 결과로 연결해 새롭게 서술한다. 김용익은 자신의 작업을 “배타적이고 고립적인 모더니티의 신화를 교란시키는 미학적 전략을 모색해 온 과정”으로 언급한 바 있다. 이를 토대로, 김용익이 대안적 패러다임으로 주장해온 ‘생태주의’의 관점에서 그의 작업에 나타나는 전복적인 “미학적 전략”에 대하여 논의한다.
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필립 거스톤의 후기 구상회화에 나타나는 은유, 환유적 구조: ‘클랜즈맨’ 모티프를 중심으로
장승연 서양미술사학회 2008 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.29 No.-
Philip Guston has presented new figurative painting since 1970, beginning with solo exhibition in Marlborough gallery, New York. In his late works, he depicted KKK member(Ku Klux Klan) called 'Klansman' as the main motif. These unfamiliar shapes were depicted clumsy and was simplified with rough outlines associated with cartoon-like images. Besides, almost works showed unique configuration, 2 or 3 figures connected in a line with similar actions. This Article will watch for the value of the late figurative paintings of Guston by semiology and psychoanalytic analysis. first, it begins to discuss the late figurative paintings of Guston from morphologic analysis on individual object. It is hard to grasp the direct character of the late figures of Guston expressed vaguely and looked similar each other with rough description. It explains the features as metaphor substituting for each other by similarity on the basis of linguistic theory of Roman Jakobson. Also, metaphorical forms shown on canvas would be told as metonymy - arrangement of signifier- joining with small downward brush strokes. Therefore, strange connection structure of Klansman could be explained to metonymy connected on the basis of 'small downward brush strokes' as marks of 'eye'. The psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan describes the mechanism of unconscious linguistically by corresponding 'condensation' and 'displacement' among the functions of unconscious told by Sigmund Freud to respectively metaphor and metonymy. Lacan explained signifier as the returning to unconscious formative substances from repressed told by Freud and the 'return of the repressed' has the structure of metaphor. If this grafts in works of Guston, the repressed basic desire in unconscious return to trauma by the external accidents, and it reveals in conscious metaphorically substituting to a signifier of 'Klansman'. Meanwhile Klansman motif couldn‘t be fixed to signifier itself and connects to the slipperiness of metonymy. It would describe mental structure - the unconsciousness avoids censorship of the consciousness -with visual clearly like explanation of Lacan. At last, comic effect by the cartoon-like form in Guston's work would be the sense of humor which protects the overflowing of unpleasure. Unpleasure could be connected with the 'return of the repressed'. And Freud took 'brevity' of joke, the result of 'condensation', as an example to verify his thought. This point could be connected with the brevity of images of his works looked like a cartoon. Because, the 'condensation', the principle of brevity told by Freud is just 'metaphor' mentioned by Lacan. 필립 거스톤은 1970년 뉴욕 말보로갤러리 개인전을 시작으로 만화를 연상시키는 구상회화를 선보였다. 이 후기 구상회화에 반복적으로 등장하는 클랜즈맨 모티프는 2-3개씩 인접하여 나란히 배열되거나, 마치 화가 본인을 암시하듯 묘사되었다. 이 점에 대하여 본고에서는 로만 야콥슨의 언어학과 자크 라캉의 정신분석학의 접점을 이루는 ‘은유(metaphor)’와 ‘환유(metonymy)’의 개념을 활용하여 ‘기호’로서의 이미지 읽기를 시도한다.
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장승연,최지선,민명숙,인용원,손기호,최경업,김화정,신완균 한국병원약사회 2002 병원약사회지 Vol.19 No.3
To evaluate the usage of total parenteral nutrition(TPN) and to assess the nutritional benefits ad risks of TPN in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 52 pediatric patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were studied retrospectively. Each patient was monitored until TPN was discontinued or for a maximum of 21days. The mean daily energy intake given intravenously was 80.6±23.3% of basal metabolic rate(BMR) and protein intake was 1.07±0.49g/㎏/d(mean±S.D.). Weight did not present statistically significant variations. Serum albumin levels fell markedly on day 7(3.47±0.34g/dL), but returned to normal on day 14(3.71±0.34g/dL) and then keep up to day 21. Total protein levels were significantly increased on days 7, 14, 21. Blood glucose levels significantly rose from day 14. In metabolic complication, the most frequent abnormalities were hypomagnesemia(65.4%). Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) was below normal on day 0(7.12±3.47㎎/dL) and significantly rose during TPN(11.58±6.87㎎/dL on day 7). Serum creatinine levels significantly decreased on day 14. Transaminases were moderately elevated at the start of TPN, but returned to normal on day 7. Total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were normal during TPN, with slight fluctuation, always in the normal range. Nutritional support with TPN was effective in maintaining weight and viceral proteins. It is need to close monitoring during TPN in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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