http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
RKO 대장암세포에서 3-헵틸아미노-6-알릴티오피리다진과 3-디펜틸아미노-6-알릴티오피리다진의 항암기전
임현경,권유미,송지윤,김경미,김채원,박명숙,정주희,Lim, Hyun Kyung,Kwon, Yumi,Song, Jiyun,Kim, Kyoung Mee,Kim, Chaewon,Park, Myung-Sook,Jung, Joohee 대한약학회 2016 약학회지 Vol.60 No.3
Allylthiopyridazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-proliferative activities in the previous study. In this study, selected two allylthiopyridazine derivatives (compound I, 3-heptylamino-6-allylthiopyridazine and compound II, 3-dipentylamino-6-allylthiopyridazine) were assessed for cytotoxicity and chronic proliferation in human colon carcinoma RKO cells. Two derivatives dose-dependently inhibited cell viability and proliferation. To elucidate the anticancer mechanism of two derivatives, we investigated the expression level of apoptosis-related proteins in RKO cells. Compound I induced the activation of JNK and expression of p53 and p21. On the other hand, compound II showed no change of p53 level. Interestingly, compound II inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$. This result suggested that compound II suppressed cell proliferation. These different mechanisms of these compounds might have occurred through different steric conformation.
임현경,이정현,백혜진,김남국,이하영,박지원,김상윤,조경자,백정환 대한영상의학회 2014 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.15 No.6
Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish benign from small, non-necrotic metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancers. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients with head and neck cancer underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (b value, 0 and 800 s/mm2) preoperatively between January 2009 and December 2010. Two readers independently measured the ADC values of each cervical lymph node with a minimum-axial diameter of ≥ 5 mm but < 11 mm using manually drawn regions of interest. Necrotic lymph nodes were excluded. Mean ADC values were compared between benign and metastatic lymph nodes after correlating the pathology. Results: A total of 116 lymph nodes (91 benign and 25 metastatic) from 25 patients were included. Metastatic lymph nodes (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 7.4 ± 1.6 mm) were larger than benign lymph nodes (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 1.4 mm) (p = 0.018). Mean ADC values for reader 1 were 1.17 ± 0.31 x 10-3 mm2/s for benign and 1.25 ± 0.76 x 10-3 mm2/s for metastatic lymph nodes. Mean ADC values for reader 2 were 1.21 ± 0.46 x 10-3 mm2/s for benign and 1.14 ± 0.34 x 10-3 mm2/s for metastatic lymph nodes. Mean ADC values between benign and metastatic lymph nodes were not significantly different (p = 0.594 for reader 1, 0.463 for reader 2). Conclusion: Measuring mean ADC does not allow differentiating benign from metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer and non-necrotic, small lymph nodes.
국내 공공분야 전문용어 표준화를 위한 해외 선진사례 조사 및 제언
임현경 한국통역번역학회 2015 통역과 번역 Vol.17 No.2
This paper highlights the importance of multilingual terminological standardization, especially in the context of quality control for public translation as an attempt to ensure efficient multinational communication in the public sector. Historical efforts for terminological standardization in Korea have been structured around (a) multilingual standardization primarily in science and technology, and (b) monolingual standardization in the public sector as part of language planning, while much remains to be done in terms of multilingual terminological standardization for the purpose of efficient communication in the public sector. This paper explains why multilingual terminological standardization is needed and explores best practices abroad, centering on the international guidelines and norms from Infoterm and ISO/TC37, the use of IATE and other terminology databases in the context of public translation, and the roles of public agencies in terminological standardization. With these as the basis, this paper describes the current status of and problems with terminological standardization in Korea before providing suggestions for its successful standardization of public-sector terminology.
CEO Inside Debt and Asymmetric Cost Behavior
임현경,최세라,황인이 한국회계학회 2018 會計學硏究 Vol.43 No.2
We examine the impact of CEO inside debt on SG&A cost asymmetry using a broad sample of S&P 1500 nonfinancial U. S. firms. Theory and prior empirical findings suggest that CEOs with large inside debt holdings manage their firms conservatively and adopt less risky corporate decisions. This study investigates the impact of CEO inside debt on cost decisions. The core concept of cost asymmetry literature is the future value of slack resources when sales decrease: slack resources can avoid adjustment costs when sales rebound. However, slack resources are still a part of risky investment because the management future prediction cannot be perfectly precise. Therefore, we predict that firms managed by CEOs who have high CEO inside debt exhibit lower degree of cost asymmetry. Consistent with our conjecture, we find that CEO inside debt is negatively associated with SG&A cost asymmetry. Further, we find that the negative association is more pronounced among firms with higher risk, suggesting that CEO inside debt provides managers with incentives in correspondence to the firm’s business condition. Additional evidence shows that the negative relation between CEO inside debt and cost asymmetry is more pronounced when the CEO is older and when the CEO is an outsider. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that CEO inside debt influences managers’resource adjustment decisions.
임현경,조세진,백정환,Kang Dae Lee,Chang Woo Son,Jung Min Son,백선미 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.12
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in a large population. Materials and Methods: Cases of 152 biopsy-proven PTMCs from 133 patients who had undergone RFA for PTMC between May 2008 and January 2017 were included in this study. All patients were either of high surgical risk or refused to undergo surgery. They were followed up for at least 6 months after initial RFA. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography were performed to evaluate the PTMC and the presence of neck metastasis before treatment. RFA was conducted using an internally cooled thyroid-dedicated electrode system. Follow-up US was performed at 1 week, and 2, 6, and 12 months, after the initial RFA, and then at every 6–12 months. We evaluated serial changes of ablated tumors, newly developed cancers, lymph node (LN) or distant metastasis and complications. Results: Complete disappearance was found in 91.4% (139/152) of ablated tumors. Among the 13 tumors in patients who did not show complete disappearance, no tumor displayed any regrowth of the residual ablated lesion during the follow-up period. The mean follow-up period was 39 months. During the follow-up period, there were no local recurrence, no LN or distant metastasis, and no newly developed thyroid cancers. No patients were referred to surgery. The overall complication rate was 3% (4/133) of patients, including one voice change. There were no life-threatening complications or procedure-related deaths. Conclusion: Our results suggest that RFA is an effective and safe option for treating low-risk PTMC patients who are of high surgical risk or refuse surgery.
I-gel과 굴곡성 기관지경을 이용한 기관내 삽관 경험 -증례 보고-
임현경,최춘길,신혜란,이춘수,황성일,이성묵,송장호 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.7 No.2
Most anesthesiologists, at one point or another, are faced with a difficult airway. We came upon an unexpected difficult airway and a failed intubation using a direct laryngoscope and lightwand. At this point, we decided to insert an i-gel which is quick and simple. This allowed us to maintain oxygenation and ventilation. After checking for the location of the laryngeal inlet with a flexible fiber optic bronchoscope, a 5.5 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was inserted into the trachea over the flexible fiber optic bronchoscope. Finally, a suitable a 7.0 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was inserted using an exchange catheter technique. With respect to this case, we conclused that the i-gel is a very helpful device for endotracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways.
“뉘우침”에 관한 양형 법도그마틱 ―반성이란 무엇인가―
임현경 한국법철학회 2023 법철학연구 Vol.26 No.3
In the sentencing reason that “the defendant is not truly remorseful,” is the defendant's “sincere remorse” merely a moral call, or should it be a legal judgment subject to a rigorous process of legal subsumption? This article takes the position that sentencing judgments and sentencing arguments are legal arguments, and that there is a legal normativity to the sentencing process, but it also seeks to expose the intractability of sentencing jurisprudence as conventionally constructed from a retributive perspective, and to reframe it from the perspective of retribution without retribution. To this end, we first note that there is no jurisprudence on what legal facts must be present in order for the sentence mitigation requirements of ‘remorse’ and ‘remorsefulness’ to be met in the current criminal law and sentencing guidelines. By pointing out that remorse (or contrition) is currently interpreted as an emotional rather than a behavioral element, and by critiquing the practice of requiring the intentional expression of such emotions in court, this article attempts to establish a new dogma on the concept of remorse as a communicative act. In the not-too-distant future, when retributive justice is no longer justified, when punishment by the state is no longer justified, and when the criminal law disappears, remorse will be able to return to its original place in the life world and the moral interior. However, in the current criminal law system, which is dominated by retributive justice and does not fully recognize the victim’s agency, it is necessary to establish a juridical dogmatics of remorse. Remorse is not a verbal or emotional expression directed at the state power, nor is it a demonstration of a reflective personality, but rather a communication and behavioral adjustment between the community, the victim, and the defendant that identifies and repairs the damage, identifies his or her fault, and identifies the correctional, rehabilitation, and welfare policies provided by the state at the same time, such as the new concept of take-charge responsibility. If we define the concept of remorse as a rational communicative act, so-called “sincere remorse” should be eliminated as an independent sentencing factor and criterion and relocated as a premise or subsumption of taking charge to be educated to develop the capacity to escape ignorance and know the specifics of legal obligations, or taking charge to be treated to develop the capacity for self-control to comply with the law. A genuinely remorseful human being strives to earn the forgiveness of his or her victim or to avoid reoffending, and vice versa. “피고인은 진정으로 반성하고 있지 않다”는 판결문의 양형 이유에서 피고인의 ‘진지한 반성’은 그저 도덕적 요청에 불과한 것인가, 아니면 엄밀한 법적 포섭 과정을 거치는 법적 판단이어야 하는가? 이 글은 반성에 관한 양형 판단과 양형 변론 역시 법적 논증이며, 양형을 위한 재판 절차에도 법적 규범성이 가리키는정답은 있다는 입장을 취하되, 기존의 응보주의적 관점에서 구성되어온 양형의 법원리가 해결할 수 없는 현상을 드러내어 보이고, 반성을 응보 없는 응분의 관점에서 재구성하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 현행 형법과 양형기준에서 명시하고 있는 ‘반성’과 ‘뉘우침’이라는 형 감경 요건이 충족되기 위하여 어떤 법적 사실이 있어야 하는지에 관한 법도그마틱조차 마련되어 있지 않음에 주목한다. 현재 반성(혹은 뉘우침)은 행위 요소가 아닌 감정적 요소로 해석되기 쉽다는 점을 지적하고, 법정에서 그러한 감정을 의도적으로 표출하도록 하는 실무 관행을 비판적으로 바라보며, 의사소통행위로서의 반성 개념에 관하여 감정설, 인지설, 인격평가설, 전략적 행위설, 의사소통행위설, 인격평가설 등을 제시하여 도그마틱을 새롭게 정립하고자 하였다. 머지않은 미래에 응보적 정의관은 물론, 국가권력에 의한 처벌이 더 이상 정당화되지 못함이 드러나고, 형법이 사라지게 되면, 반성은 원래의 자리인 생활세계와 도덕적 내면으로 돌아갈 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 응보적 정의관이 지배하며 피해자의 당사자성이 온전히 인정되지 않는 현행 형법 체계에서는 반성에 관한 법도그마틱의 정립이 필요하다. 반성은 국가권력을 향하여 말로서 화행되거나 감정으로 표출될 것이 아니라, 혹은 반성할 줄 아는 성품을 내보이는 것이 아니라, 미래지향적 책임 개념에 따라 피해를 확인·회복하고, 자신의 잘못과 동시에 국가가 제공하는 교정·재활·복지 정책을 확인하는 공동체, 피해자, 그리고 피고인 사이의 의사소통과 행위조정으로 수행되어야 한다. 반성 개념을 이와 같이 합리적 의사소통행위로 정립한다면, 이른바 ‘진지한 반성’ 또는 ‘뉘우침’은 독립된 양형 요소 및 기준으로서는 삭제되어야 하며, ① 피해자와의 합의 노력 또는 피해자가 밝힌 처벌불원의사에 이미 내포된 사항으로 다루어지거나, ② 무지로부터 탈피하여 법 의무의 구체적인 내용을 알 수 있는 역량을 키우겠다는 교육받을 의무 부담행위, 또는 법을 준수할 수 있는 자기 통제력의 역량을 키우겠다는 치료받을 의무 부담행위의 전제나 하위항목으로 재배치될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 진정으로 반성하는 인간은 피해자의 용서를 받기 위해 노력하거나 재범하지 않기 위해 노력하며, 그 반대 경우의 인간도 같은 이치에 따라 행위한다.
임현경,오창현,윤승환,주설호,김태현 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.5
Purpose: Few reports have documented psychopathological abnormalities in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). We analyzed the results of a multiphasic personal inventory test to investigate the psychopathologic impact of PSP in young Korean males. Materials and Methods: The authors reviewed the results of a Korean military multiphasic personal inventory (KMPI) administered to military conscripts in South Korea. A total of 234 young males participated in this study. The normal volunteer group (n=175) comprised individuals who did not have any lung disease. The PSP group (n=59) included individuals with PSP. None of the examinees had any psychological problems. The KMPI results of both groups were compared. Results: There were more abnormal responses in the PSP group (17.0%) than the normal volunteer group (9.1%, p=0.002). The anxiety scale and depression scale scores of the neurosis category were greater for the PSP group than the normal group (p=0.039 and 0.014, respectively). The personality disorder and paranoia scale scores of the psychopathy category were greater for the PSP group than the normal group (p=0.007 and 0.018, respectively). Conclusion:Young males with PSP may have greater tendencies to suffer from anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and paranoia compared to normal individuals. Clinicians should be advised to evaluate the psychopathological aspects of patients with PSP.