중년(40~49세) 비혼 여성 1인가구의 생활세계: “온전한 개체로서의 삶”

임지애 한국여성정책연구원 2024 여성연구 Vol.120 No.1

본 질적연구는 중년 비혼 여성 1인가구의 선택 및 유지 경험을 현상학적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 심층면담 과정에서 7명의 참여자의 1인가구 선택 및 유지 경험이 어떠한가에 대한 구술을 통하여 1인가구의 선택 및 유지 의사결정 과정에 영향을 미치는 3가지 요인을 중심으로 1인가구의 의사결정 과정을 종합해보면, 1-선택요인(원가족의 직・간접적 영향, 직장의 영향, 1인가구의 가치로서의 자유). 2-보호요인(원가정의 가족 또는 친구(동료, 이웃)의 지지, 내 욕구 또는 우선순위에 집중), 3-위험요인(혼자 사는 여성에 대한 불쾌한 관심, 혼자서 다 하는 물리적・감정적 상황, 1인가구의 미래를 위한 재테크 부실, 해당없는 혜택)을 견디며 1인가구를 유지함을 확인하였다. 궁극적으로 중년 비혼 여성 1인가구로서의 자유로운 삶을 추구하는 것이지만 본질적으로 온전히 독립된 개체로서의 삶을 설계하고 성취해나가는 것이었다. 내부자 관점에서 중년 비혼 여성 1인가구의 선택 및 유지 의사결정 과정에 관한 이론적 모형과 중년 비혼 여성 1인가구의 위험요인을 감소시키는 사회복지적 제언이 제안되었다. This qualitative study examined the selection and maintenance experience of middle-aged unmarried female single-person households from a phenomenological perspective. In the course of in-depth interviews, the seven participants gave oral descriptions of their experiences in choosing and maintaining single-person households, and synthesized the decision-making process of single-person households, focusing on three factors that influence the decision-making process of single-person households, and found that the decision-making process of single-person households was based on 1-choice factors (direct and indirect influence of the original family, influence of the workplace, and freedom as a value of the single-person household). 2-Protective factors (support from family or friends (colleagues, neighbors) of the original family, focusing on my own needs or priorities), and 3-risk factors (unpleasant attention to women living alone, physical and emotional situations of doing everything alone, lack of financial support for the future of single-person households, and unapplicable benefits). Ultimately, it was to pursue a free life as a middle-aged, unmarried woman in a single-person household, but to design and achieve a life as an inherently completely independent individual. From an insider’s perspective, a theoretical model for the decision-making process of selection and maintenance of single-person households of middle-aged unmarried women and social welfare suggestions to reduce the risk factors of single-person households of middle-aged unmarried women were proposed.

장기간의 여성호르몬치료가 혈소판 활성에 미치는 영향

임지애,김상환,이덕철 대한가정의학회 2004 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.25 No.10

Background: Platelet activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, which include atherosclerosis, coronary vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. There have been controversies with the influence of hormone therapy on platelet activation. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of long-term hormone therapy on platelet activation. Methods: We recruited a total of 162 postmenopausal women aged 55 and above among wihch eighty healthy postmenopausal women had received hormone therapy for more than 5 years and the remaining eighty- two healthy postmenopausal women with no hormone therapyapy. Baseline characteristics as well as the parameters related to platelet activation were compared between the two groups using T-test. After platelet activation was defined by the reference range, multivariated logistic regression analysis was performed determining the odds ratio of hormone therapy on platelet activation. Results: The MPC and PCDW were significantly lower in the HT group than the Non-HT group (P<0.001), which suggests that platelets were more activated in the HT group more than in the non-HT group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of the possibility of platelet activation in HT group was 19 times (P<0.001). Conclusion: Long term hormone therapy increased platelet activation significantly, which may be a contributing factor of thromboembolism. 연구배경: 여성호르몬치료가 혈소판 활성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 기존의 보고들은 상반되는 결과를 보고하고 있다. 본 연구는 장기간의 여성호르몬 사용이 혈소판 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방법: 한 종합병원 갱년기 센터를 방문한 55세 이상의 건강한 폐경기 여성 중 여성호르몬치료를 5년 이상 투여 받은 80명을 치료군으로 하였고, 여성 호르몬을 사용한 경험이 없는 82명을 대조군으로 하여, 혈소판 활성과 관련이 있다고 알려진 혈소판 평균 성분(MPC), 혈소판 평균 용적(MPV), 혈소판 성분 분포폭(PCDW) 등에 있어 두 군간 평균 차이를 T 검정으로 알아보았고, 혼란 변수를 통제한 후 MPC의 정상 참조치를 기준으로 혈소판 활성을 정의한 후 다 변량 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 교차비를 알아보았다. 결과: 평균연령은 치료군과 대조군에서 각각 60.1±4.1세, 60.6±4.6세로 차이가 없었다. MPC와 PCDW는 치료군에서 25.65±1.99 g/dl, 5.3±0.4 pg, 대조군에서 27.97±1.37 g/dl, 5.8±0.58 pg으로 치료군에서 유의하게 낮았고, MPV는 치료군에서 8.29±0.78 fL, 대조군에서 7.68±0.72 fL로 치료군에서 유의하게 높게 나타나, 치료군에서 혈소판 활성이 증가되었음을 알 수 있었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 혈소판 활성에 대한 치료군의 교차비가 19로 (OR=19, P<0.0001) 혈소판이 활성화 될 가능성이 대조군에 비해 치료군에서 19배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 5년 이상 여성호르몬치료를 실시한 폐경기 여성은 여성호르몬을 사용하지 않은 여성에 비해 혈소판의 활성이 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타나, 혈소판 활성이 여성호르몬 치료 후 혈전증의 발생 위험을 증가시키는 한 요인이 될 것으로 생각된다.

초등학교 수학 교과서에 나타난 통계 그래프 지도 방법 분석

임지애,강완 한국초등수학교육학회 2003 한국초등수학교육학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Mathematics textbooks are substitutive showing real characters of didactic transposition in pseudo-contextualization and pseudo-personalization. This study analyzed statistical graphs in elementary school mathematics textbooks according to the first to the 7th curriculum in Korea. It focused on the didactic principles used in those methods through those view of Didactic Transposition Theory. The features of the elementary school mathematics textbooks in Korea are investigated and described ethnomethodologically according to each curriculum periods in dividing bar graph, line graph, pictograph, graph of ratio, histogram. The teaching sequences and methods of the statistical graphs, order and methods of sub-learning activities, teaming data, matter of the learning activity indicator were summarized. Usually, the teaching sequences, excepting the graphs of ratio, statistical graphs are introduced in the second semester of each grade. The graph of ratio is introduced in the first semester of 6th grade. As a result of analysing sub-Loaming activities, using them increased from the first to the 7th curriculum and its form was fixed constructive and stable at the 4th curriculum textbooks. As a result of analysing the teaming data, the data of the social aspects are used more frequently and the data of the individual preferences trended more gradually. As a result of analysing the matter of the teaming activity indicators, concept-explanation question style were used more frequently. Statement-practice style and consideration style trended gradually. Concluding remarks are: First, the didactic transposition of the elementary school mathematics textbooks developed systematically according to the first to the 7th curriculum; Second, mathematics textbooks gradually introduced the positive learning style of activity and the learners' spontaneousness; Third, more concrete practice activities and reflective activities were variously introduced considering the level and interest of each elementary student. 초등학교 수학 교과서에 나타난 통계 그래프의 지도 방법을 1차에서 7차까지 각 시기별로 ① 지도 방법 및 시기, ② 학습 세분 활동의 제시 순서와 방법, ③ 학습 소재, ④ 학습 활동 지시어의 유형 등의 네 가지 관점에서 분석하였다. 비율그래프를 제외한 나머지 통계 그래프에 관한 내용은 대체로 각 학년의 2학기에서 지도되었다. 비율그래프는 6학년 1학기에서 주로 지도 되었다. 학습활동의 세부화는 1차에서 7차까지 점차 증가하면서 4차부터 구조적이고 안정적인 형태로 정착되었다. 학습 소재는 사회적 특성에 대한 것이 가장 많이 사용되었고, 개인적 선호도에 대한 것이 점차 증가하는 추세이다. 학습 활동 지시어의 유형은 개념 이해 질문형이 많이 제시되었고, 점차 진술 및 조작형과 사고형이 증가하는 추세를 보였다.

International Symposia on Integrated Exposure Assessment for Hazardous Materials

임지애,권호장,Mina Ha 환경독성보건학회 2012 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.27 No.-

Objectives On September 2, 2010 and November 25, 2011, the Korean Research Project on Integrated Exposure Assessment to Hazardous Materials for Food Safety (KRIEFS)organized two international symposia in Seoul, Korea. KRIEFS, established by the Korean Food and Drug Administration in March 2010, envisioned these international symposia as means to obtain advanced experiences from other countries and to reflect on and refine the KRIEFS’s survey design and methods. Methods For the first symposium KRIEFS invited human biomonitoring (HBM) experts from Germany, the US, and Canada. The visiting HBM experts shared the details of their national studies while the KRIEFS discussed study design, as well as the methods, results and policymaking processes of the KRIEFS project. The second symposium was organized to share the survey design and results on endocrine disruptors from Taiwan. Results The Speaker from Germany introduced the German Environmental Survey and shared their experiences in HBM design, such as the process of developing reference values,and discussed the new HBM plan in Germany and the European Union. The Representative from Canada shared insights from national HBM approach. In the case of the US,the speaker focused on risk communication with subjects in epidemiological studies. In the second international symposium, the speaker shared the experience of endocrine disruptors’studies from Taiwan. Conclusions KRIEFS was able to better understand previous nationwide HBM research designs, policy making process, and risk communication with research subjects.

원추리 지상부의 최적추출조건 확립 및 추출물의 항산화 활성

임지애,정태영,조은주 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the possible utilization of Hemerocallis fulva (H. fulva) leaves as either functional food or natural antioxidants. To determine the optimum extraction solvent, the dried H. fulva was extracted with 7 solvents, and yield, total flavonoid content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of each extract were compared. Among the extracts, 80% ethanol extract showed the highest yield, total flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity. The 80% ethanol extract was further fractionated subsequently by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among five fractions from 80% ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total flavonoid content (322.99 mg Que/g) among five fractions, and also exhibited an excellent DPPH scavenging activity (89.09∼93.79 at 100∼500 Ռg/ml). Metal-ion (10−3 M FeCl3) chelating effect of the ethyl acetate fraction at the concentration of 100 Ռg/ml showed 75.46%. The present study indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest total flavonoid content and the strongest antioxidative activity, suggesting that ethyl acetate fraction contains the bioactive compounds with antioxidative activity.

원추리(Hemerocallis fulva)잎 분획물의 총 페놀 함량 및 항산화 효과

임지애,정태영,조은주 대한암예방학회 2012 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

In this study, the total phenol content and antioxidative activity of fractions from Hemerocallis fulva leaves were evaluated in terms of reducing power, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, the inhibitory effect on linoleic acid autoxidation and metal-ion (Cu2+) chelating effect. Among five fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total polyphenol content (749 mg Chl/g), and also exhibited an excellent reducing power (1.16∼3.35 at 100∼500 μg/ml). SOD-like activities of the chloroform-and ethyl acetate-fractions at the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed 33.3% and 22.3%, respectively. In addition, the chloroform fraction showed the highest inhibitory effects (77.5∼90.2% at 25∼100 μg/ml) on linoleic acid autoxidation system. Metal-ion (10-4 M CuSO4) chelating effect of the butanol-and ethyl acetate-fractions at the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed 30.2% and 36.7%, respectively. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest total phenol content and the strongest antioxidative activity. These results indicate that H. fulva may be useful as potential antioxidant sources for improving human antioxidant defense system.

서해 기름유출, 발뺌하는 삼성과 현대를 어찌 할까요

임지애 한국노동사회연구소 2008 노동사회 Vol.129 No.-

Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety

임지애,권호장,하미나,김호,오세영,김정선,Sang-Ah Lee,박정덕,홍영습,손석준,표희수,Kyung-SuPark,이광근,김용대,Sangil Jun,Myungsil Hwang 환경독성보건학회 2015 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Objectives: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Methods: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. Results: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed (94.2 μg/kg for Pb; 594 μg/kg for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish (46.4 μg/kg). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was 0.14 μg/kg body weight (bw)/d, 0.18 μg/kg bw/d for Cd, and 0.07 μg/kg bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than 5.00 μg/dL (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than 0.30 μg/L (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than 5.00 μg/L (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. Conclusions: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

서울시 환경보건정책 로드맵 수립

임지애,권호장,김신범,최영은,구슬기,정회성,김명한,최경호,Lim, Ji-Ae,Kwon, Ho-Jang,Kim, Shinbum,Chou, Youngeun,Gu, Seulgi,Jeong, Hoi-Seong,Kim, Myung Han,Choi, Kyungho 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to introduce the establishment process and results of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's road map on environmental health policy. Methods: The process consisted of expert group meetings, civic participation, research, and questionnaire survey for priority environmental health policy agenda items in Seoul. Results: The announced vision for the environmental health policy was "a healthy environment, safety in Seoul". This policy was established in order to define environment health policy initiatives for a period of five years with an aim to protect Seoul citizens' health from hazardous environmental factors. The resulting Seoul environmental health policy consisted of four areas and 16 key agenda items. The four areas were "Protection for children against hazardous materials", "Enhancement of health and safety of all", "Carcinogen-free and endocrine-disrupting chemical-free Seoul (reducing environmental exposure to hazardous materials), and "Establish the foundation of environmental health policy". Sixteen key agenda items include the enhancement of management of spaces for children, certification of environmental health status at schools, establishment of a unit responsible for the environmental health of children, strengthening environmental health management for susceptible populations (children, the aged, and the socioeconomically vulnerable), management of hazardous materials, physical hazardous factors (noise, radiation, etc.), indoor air quality, and the enhancement of monitoring, research, and regulation of environment health. Conclusion: The Seoul Metropolitan Government established an environmental health policy road map for a five-year period (2013-2017). To implement this environmental health policy, budget allocation, and detailed execution plans are required.

경구를 통한 유해물질의 통합노출 평가 방법

임지애,권호장,하미나,김호,오세영,박정덕,표희수 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11