영국 대법원의 독립과 그 헌법적 함의

임종훈 한국공법학회 2015 공법연구 Vol.43 No.3

Unlike in other democratic countries, the top court in the UK belonged to the House of Lords, the upper chamber of the Parliament. A dramatic transformation occurred to the status of the top court in 2005 when the Constitutional Reform Act was enacted in the UK Parliament. The top court became independent of the Parliament and called ‘the Supreme Court.’Since the Supreme Court began to work in October 2009, there have been two competing opinions as to the effects of the creation of a new UK top court. Some have argued that it represents a significant constitutional change, while others have suggested that it is a change of form rather than substance. Combined with the facts that the Court can review the compatability of the parliamentary legislation with the European Convention on Human Rights under the Human Rights Act 1998 and that the Court should police the constitutional boundaries of the United Kingdom, both upwards to the European Union and downwards to the devolved regions of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the work of the Court is likely to continue to look increasingly like that of other supreme courts or constitutional courts throughout the world. And such a transformation would be looked back on as a transition from parliamentary sovereignty to constitutional democracy in the UK. As the Court exercises more power, the ensuing question is how to make sure the Court can be accountable to the public and bolster the political legitimacy of the Court. Constitutional implications of the independence of the Supreme Court in the UK could provide some informative lessons to the ongoing discourse of how to reshape the Supreme Court in the Republic of Korea. 다른 나라에서는 유례를 찾아볼 수 없게 법치주의의 선진국인 영국에서는 지난 수백 년 동안 사법부의 최상급기관인 대법원이 권력분립원리의 형식에 반하게 입법부(House of Lords)에 속해 있었다. 그러나 이러한 전통에 중대한 변화가 발생하였다. 2005년에 제정된 헌법개혁법(Constitutional Reform Act)에 따라 2009년 10월 대법원이 의회로부터 물리적ㆍ기능적으로 완전히 분리․독립되었다. 명칭도 대법원의 위상에 맞게 ‘Supreme Court’가 되었다. 이러한 변화에 대하여 일부에서는 중대한 헌법적 전환이라고 의미를 부여하는가 하면, 다른 일부에서는 내용보다는 형식의 변화에 불과하다는 평가를 내놓기도 하고 있다. 그러나 1998년에 제정된 인권법의 시행에 따라 법원이 의회제정법에 대하여 사법심사를 할 수 있게 되었으며, 영국이 대외적으로는 유럽연합의 일원이 되었고, 대내적으로는 중앙정부와 분권화된 지방정부 간의 권한 분배를 둘러싼 헌법적 분쟁을 법원이 해결 하게 된 상황에서 대법원이 독립되었다는 것은 영국의 헌정질서가 그동안 토대가 되었던 의회주권의 원칙에서 벗어나 입헌민주주의(constitutional democracy)로 이행하는 계기가 될 것이다. 영국 대법원의 위상 변화가 영국의 사법심사제도에 어떠한 변화를 가져왔고 그에 따라 제기되는 문제들은 무엇인지를 검토해보는 것은 비교 헌법적으로도 중요한 의미가 있고 우리나라의 대법원이나 헌법재판소가 당면하고 있는 문제 등을 검토하는데도 시사점을 제공해줄 수 있다고 생각한다. 이 글에서는 2009년 10월 영국 대법원이 의회에서 독립된 이후 대법원의 구성이나 관할 등이 어떻게 변화되었는지를 살펴본 후, 사법심사 기능의 변화에 따라 영국의 헌정질서가 의회주권원칙에서 입헌민주주의로 바뀔 수 있다는 가능성에 대하여 검토한 다음 대법원의 위상 변화에 따라 자연스럽게 제기되고 있는 대법원 구성의 민주적 정당성 문제에 대하여 검토하기로 한다.

광섬유 격자소자를 이용한 협대역 투과 필터의 설계 ( Design of Narrow Band-Pass Filter Using Fiber Bragg Gratings )

임종훈,박광노,송정태,이경식 한국통신학회 1997 광전자공학회 학술회의 Vol.4 No.1

제작된 광섬유격자의 온도 안정성 실험 ( Thermal Stability Test for the Uniform and Linearly Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings )

임종훈,송정환,조준용,이경식 한국통신학회 1998 광전자공학회 학술회의 Vol.5 No.1

Modeling of the wet flue gas desulfurization system to utilize low-grade limestone

임종훈,최영렬,김건열,김정환 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.12

Wet flue gas desulfurization was simulated to improve gypsum production using low-grade limestone. High-grade limestone with 94 wt% CaCO3 content is used for producing gypsum with 93 wt% purity, but owing to the resource depletion of high-grade limestone, low-grade limestone should be replaced as an alternative. However, lowgrade limestone with CaCO3 purity of less than 94% contains impurities such as MgCO3, Al2O3, and SiO2, which reduce gypsum purity. To resolve this issue, a process involving mixing of both low-grade and high-grade limestone was simulated to predict the quantity of low-grade limestone that could be utilized. Many reactions like limestone dissolution, SOX absorption, and crystallization were considered and were simulated by different models in Aspen plus. For process optimization, the following constraints were set: 93 wt% gypsum purity, 94% desulfurization efficiency, and 3,710 kg/h total limestone usage, which maximized the mass flow of low-grade limestone. The maximum blending quantity of low-grade limestone for 2,100 kg high-grade limestone that satisfied the constraints was ~1,610 kg.

데이터 기반 도시계획 수립을 위한 기초조사정보체계의 구축과 활용

임종훈 국토연구원 2022 국토 : planning and policy Vol.487 No.-

해수면 상승으로 인한 해안선 후퇴 거리

임종훈,류경우,이진욱 한국수자원학회 2023 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.56 No.9

Optimal sorting and recycling strategy of waste plastic considering economic feasibility for environmental preservation

임종훈,안유찬,조형태,김정환 한국공업화학회 2022 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

전기 투석 아민 재생 공정 모델링 및 경제성 평가 연구

임종훈,이제성,박현욱,조형태,김정환 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

본 연구에서는 전기 투석 열 안정성 염 제거 장치가 고려된 아민 재생공정 모델을 개발하고, 경제성을 평가하였다. 열 안정성 염은 아민 재생 공정에서 부 반응으로 생성되는데 가용 아민 량을 감소시키고 부식을 일으키는 문제가 있어 제거 과정이 필요하다. 아민의 탈거 및 열 안정성 염 제거과정으로 두 가지 단계로 나누어 공정 모델링 하였고 열역학 방정식은 Electrolyte Non-Random Two Liquid (ELECNRTL) model을 사용하였다. 아민의 탈거 과정은 RadFrac model을 사용하여 반응을 고려해주었고, 열 안정성 염 제거과정은 RCSTR model을 사용하여 염 제거에 사용되는 NaOH 수용액과의 반응을 고려하였다. 개발한 모델을 바탕으로 경제성 평가 결과 추가 공정의 설치로 총 TCI(Total capital investment)는 약 $ 1,823,529 증가하였지만 TPC(Total product cost)는 연간 $ 489,258 감소하여 Pay-back period는 약 3.73 년으로 계산되었다.

A Study on the Expressive Characteristics of Public Facilities Considering Local Identity

임종훈 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.1

(Background and Purpose) Due to the acceleration of economic development and urbanization, many problems are occurring in local cities. It is expressed in various ways, such as population concentration and overcrowding, bipolarization between big cities and regions, damage to natural landscapes due to excessive development, and loss of unique local identity. At this point, local cities are required to find a local city image through differentiated local elements, and to find a way to establish a sustainable local identity. Therefore, this study aims to focus on the importance of local identity, to derive local identity elements and expressive characteristics, and to present the design direction of elements that can be used when applying local identity to public facilities. (Method) This study is to recognize the characteristics and design direction of public facilities considering local identity, and the scope and method of the study will be conducted as follows. In the theoretical review, it studies the concept and elements of local identity, and the characteristics of local identity based on literature review through previous studies, derives local identity elements through analysis of previous studies, based on which it aims to study the expressive characteristics of public facilities considering local identity through comparative analysis with evaluation items and elements of public facilities. (Results) Local identity elements derived through the analysis of previous studies related to regional revitalization can be categorized into five elements: historicity, culturality, landscape, industriality, and symbolism. The elements can be used in the same sense as elements used as evaluation items in the public design sector. Regional historical identity requires accessibility, landscape, sustainability, and symbolism in public design items, cultural identity requires accessibility, sustainability, symbolism, and social interaction, and landscape identity requires accessibility, safety, landscape, comfort, aesthetic, and symbolism to be expressed in public facilities. Industrial identity requires accessibility, usability, functionality, economic feasibility, constructability, and safety, and symbol identity requires accessibility, landscape, aesthetic, sustainability, and symbolism. Here, accessibility, publicity, and local identity are basically included in all elements. (Conclusions) Establishing a local identity is very important for regional revitalization in an urban environment. Local images can be expressed with unique local elements along with differentiation from other regions, through which it is possible to build regional urban competitiveness. Therefore, it should be planned to derive local identity elements and actively utilize them for local public facilities. If public facilities considering local identity are applied, it is expected to play a symbolic role by establishing a unique local image, and at the same time inspire pride in community members.

광섬유 격자소자를 이용한 협대역 투과 필터의 설계

임종훈,이경식 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, D Vol.d35 No.8

We propose and design a new type of anrrow band-pass optical filter based on two fiber gratings with different reflection wavelength. The ripples occur in the spectra of the filter with two uniform fiber gratings. Our simulation results also show that the ripples disappear with the fiber gratings apodized to both gaussian and hyperbolic tangent function. The hyperbolic tangent function seems to be a better apodization function for improving the filter's performance in terms of narrow pass bandwidth and high transmission.