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임상희,안규중,김유리,정재욱,한형진,이양원,최용범 대한의진균학회 2012 대한의진균학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background: Culture based technique, a traditional method for extraction of DNA from a cultured colony, was complex in culture conditions and was associated with a lower chance of successful culture. Recently, non-culture based technique, which skipped the culture process and directly extracted fungal DNA and differentiated Malassezia species, has been introduced. Objective: Using 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP, the authors identified Malassezia yeasts and compared the yield of Malassezia DNA by the traditional culture based technique and the non-culture based technique via Op-site adhesive tape. Methods: DNA of Malassezia yeasts were extracted using the culture based technique and the non-culture based technique from normal adults. Comparison was performed in order to clarify the differences between these two techniques. Results: Use of the culture based technique resulted in a culture rate of 57.8% (78 out of 135 samples). On the other hand, using the non-culture based technique, fungal species were identified from all 135samples. Using both techniques, M. globosa was the most identified species. The identification rate of the non-culture based technique was 100%; however, 7 repeats of PCR were required to reach 100%identification. Among samples from five body sites, those from the thigh required 5.5 repeats of PCR. Conclusion: The non-culture based technique was better than the culture based technique. However,due to the low amount of DNA extracts from the body sites with low habitation of Malassezia yeasts,repeated PCR was required for differentiation of Malassezia species. Background: Culture based technique, a traditional method for extraction of DNA from a cultured colony, was complex in culture conditions and was associated with a lower chance of successful culture. Recently, non-culture based technique, which skipped the culture process and directly extracted fungal DNA and differentiated Malassezia species, has been introduced. Objective: Using 26S rDNA PCR-RFLP, the authors identified Malassezia yeasts and compared the yield of Malassezia DNA by the traditional culture based technique and the non-culture based technique via Op-site adhesive tape. Methods: DNA of Malassezia yeasts were extracted using the culture based technique and the non-culture based technique from normal adults. Comparison was performed in order to clarify the differences between these two techniques. Results: Use of the culture based technique resulted in a culture rate of 57.8% (78 out of 135 samples). On the other hand, using the non-culture based technique, fungal species were identified from all 135samples. Using both techniques, M. globosa was the most identified species. The identification rate of the non-culture based technique was 100%; however, 7 repeats of PCR were required to reach 100%identification. Among samples from five body sites, those from the thigh required 5.5 repeats of PCR. Conclusion: The non-culture based technique was better than the culture based technique. However,due to the low amount of DNA extracts from the body sites with low habitation of Malassezia yeasts,repeated PCR was required for differentiation of Malassezia species.
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The Neuroradiological Findings of Children with Developmental Language Disorder
임상희,박은숙,김덕용,송동호,이종두 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.3
Purpose: To investigate the general characteristics of glucose metabolism distribution and the functional deficit in the brain of children with developmental language delay (DLD), we compared functional neuroradiological studies such as positron emission tomography (PET) of a patient group of DLD children and a control group of attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Patients and Methods: Seventeen DLD children and 10 ADHD children under 10 years of age were recruited and divided into separate groups consisting of children less than 5 years of age or between 5 and 10 years of age. The PET findings of 4 DLD children and 6 control children whose ages ranged from 5 to 10 years were compared by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis. Results: All of the DLD children revealed grossly normal findings in brain MRIs, however, 87.5% of them showed grossly abnormal findings in their PET studies. Abnormal findings were most frequent in the thalamus. The patient group showed significantly decreased glucose metabolism in both frontal, temporal and right parietal areas (p<0.005) and significantly increased metabolism in both occipital areas (p<0.05) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study reveals that DLD children may show abnormal findings on functional neuroradiological studies, even though structural neuroradiological studies such as a brain MRI do not show any abnormal findings. Frequent abnormal findings on functional neuroradiological studies of DLD children, especially in the subcortical area, suggests that further research with quantitative assessments of functional neuroradiological studies recruiting more DLD children and age-matched normal controls could be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of DLD and other disorders confined to the developmental disorder spectrum.
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林相熙 水原大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
Lately the interest toward multinational enterprise as major agent actually promoting the transfer of merchandises and production factors between nation is becoming higher. So many reporters say that multinational enterprise is the indispensable factor for the world economy, especially for the development and rapid growth of less developed countries in the meaning that multinational enterprise utilizes the resources of the world or lessen the abuse of them. Meanwhile some reporters, standing on the point of view that multinational enterprise increases the dependency of less developed country and deepens the process of its dependentive development, say that multinational enterprise is the course of every evil structurizing imperialistic invasion. In other hand, some reporters say that multinational enterprise will give any special contribution for the reduction of gap between South and North, if they make any proper guidline and regulation. and add any proper structural amendment. On the political level, the opinion of reporters differ from each other, too. Some say that the promotion of internationalization performed by multinational enterprise, by deepening the friction of sovereignty or nationalism, spur the world on to the direction disturbing the peace of the world. And others say that peace, stability and the maximizing of interest never stand in the relation of inconsistency as the peace of the world and the maintenance of state are indispensable infrastrcture to the development of multinational enterprise. The result of positive study about the action of multinational enterprise in less developed country, especially about the effect that multinational enterprise gives to the economical growth and the development of less developed country is not adequate. Of course we can't say that problems are solved, thoug if any detailed study is performed. Though we research into what kind of cost/benefit the action of multinational enterprise brings thoroughly, it is like we only see trees without seeing forest. Owing to the fact like this, some radicalists say that, as multinational enterprise is a remarkable characteristics of the structure of modern capitalism, it is impossible to explain it without analysis from the standpoint of the structure of capitalism. In this treatise, I intend to refer to the problem of multinational enterprise thinking, in the process of the change and development of the economy of less developed country, what kind of effect the action of multinational enterprise will give, and whether the multinational enterprise will be a indispensable economical institution for the solution of South and West problem and for the development of both of them or not.
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任常希 培材大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
In order to search for philosophic bases of preschool education in Korea, this study raises two basic problems: What is the concept of preschool education? What is the goal of preschool education? The two Problems have been studied in this paper through analyses of preschool education in traditional society and formal preschool education in Korea. 1. The philosophical background of preschool education in traditional society The ground which the society is tying on is Confucianism. Confucianism is the idea of government and the guiding principle of society. The meaning of Confucianism in short is that "Morals begin from oneself. and expand to the family and to the social order." Therefore, the goal of Confucianism is first of all to cultivate oneself, next to manage a household, to govern a country, and finally to rule over the world. The preschool education in the traditional society was also based on Confucianism. The family played a leading role in Preschool education. Especially, father's role was very important in preschool education. 2. The philosophic bases of the formal preschool education in Korea The formal Preschool education in Korea began in 1897. From this time to 1949(Education Act was enacted in 1949), the philosophic bases were largely influenced by Froebel and Dewey. After the enactment of the Education Act, however, the institutional goal of preschool education was baser on the Education Act and preschool curricula. The goal of preschool education here is the idea of "whole many But there seems to be an absence of working goals from the following viewpoints : 1) the existing goal as expressed in the statement of goal can be regarded as lacking in directions of value. 2) there is a lack of scientific connection between the educational goal s and working activities. 3. Conclusion In the light of these problems related to the existing goals, it is desirable for us in the future to search for the direction of educational goal in terms of values. And the direction of goals has to be the same both in the family and society. Based on these fundamental and Philosophical foundations, the goal of preschool education as set forth by ourselves can be accomplished in the long run.
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