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Volume Expansion of Ionic Liquids in the Presence of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Bang-Hyun Lim(임방현),Jae-Jin Shim(심재진) 한국청정기술학회 2008 청정기술 Vol.14 No.4
초임계이산화탄소의 존재 하에서 세 가지 이온성액체(IL)의 부피팽창을 압력 32 ㎫까지, 온도 313.15에서 333.15 K까지 뷰셀(view cell) 내에서 측정하였다. 이미다졸유도체 이온성액체인 육불화 1-부틸-3-메틸이미다졸([bmim][PF?]), 사불화 1-부틸-3-메틸이미다졸([bmim] [BF₄]), 사불화 1-부틸-3-메틸이미다졸([omim][BF₄])을 연구에 사용하여, 압력, 온도, 양이온과 음이온의 성질, 그리고 수분 함량이 CO₂의 흡수에 의한 이온성액체의 부피팽창에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 부피팽창은 긴 양이온 알킬그룹을 가지고 있는 이온성액체 및 음이온 극성이 작은 이온성액체에서 크게 나타났다. 수분함량이 적을수록, 온도가 낮을수록, 그리고 압력이 높을수록 이온성액체상의 부피는 더 크게 나타났다. The volume expansion of three ionic liquids (ILs) in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide has been measured at pressures up to 32 ㎫ and at temperatures from 313.15 to 333.15 K in a high-pressure view cell. The imidazolium-derivative ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF?]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF₄]) were employed in this research. The effects of pressure, temperature, nature of anion and cation as well as the water content on the volume expansion of ILs by absorbing CO₂ were investigated experimentally. The volume expansion was higher for the ILs with longer cationic alkyl group and for the ILs with lower anion polarity. The lower the water content, the lower the temperature, or the higher the pressure, the higher was the expansion of IL phase.
포장과 실내실험에서 살충제 Cyfluthrin 의 토양 중 반감기 차이에 미치는 환경요인 구명
한성수,최용화,임방현,임요섭 한국농화학회 2000 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.43 No.4
This study was conducted to find out the environmental factors affecting the differences in the half-life of the insecticide cyfluthrin in soil between field and laboratory tests carried out in 1998. Degradation and leaching of cyfluthrin in soil were examined under various environmental conditions that were considered to affect the residuality. Cyfluthrin was degraded 1.9 times faster in non-sterilized soil than in sterilized soil and 1.2 times at 25℃ than at 15℃. The half-lives of cyfluthrin were 61.4 days under the dark condition and 4.5 days under sunlight, and those were 11.8 days under the open condition and 23.8 days under the closed condition. The half-lives of the authentic compound and the commercial product of cyfluthrin were 15 and 1 day in the field test and 26 and 3 days in the laboratory test, respectively. Cyfluthrin was rapidly degraded with an increase in soil moisture content and decomposed faster in the alkaline solution of pH 12 than in the acidic solution of pH 3, but the half-life of cyfluthrin did not make any difference between pH 6.4 of the field test soil and pH 5.6 of the laboratory test soil. Cyfluthrin was immobile in soil from the results that 81∼94% of the initial amount remained in the 0∼2 ㎝ layer of the soil column regardless of the amount and time of rainfall after the chemical treatments. From viewing the abovementioned results, soil moisture content, sunlight and formulation type affected greatly soil microbes and volatilization affected slightly, and temperature, pH and rainfall did not affect the big difference in the half-life of cyfluthrin in soil between the field and laboratory tests in the year of 1998.