솔껍질깍지벌레에 의해 침해받은 한국산 곰솔의 2기목부에 있어 병리조직학적 연구

임동옥,소웅영 ( Dong Ok Lim,Woong Young Soh ) 한국환경생물학회 1994 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The characteristics of secondary xylem in the Pinus thunbergii infected by Matsucoccus thunbergiana appear as follows; Infection of young shoot causes bending toward the infested spot. The tracheid in infested tree was longer than that in noninfested tree. The ray in infested tree has larger number, longer height and much volume than that in noninfested ones. Even though the bast scales have mainly injured the parenchyma cells of the phloem, it also affects on the xylem to make trabecula, spiral thickenings and spiral ribs, and intercellular spaces. Particularly, secondary infection by fungi occurred in secondary xylem and finally lead the tree to death.

乾地에서 자란 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis S. e Z.)의 二期木部 및 形成層構造의 變化

林東沃,蘇雄永 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth for the wood and the structural changes of cambium in Pinus koraiensis subjected to water stress. The length and wall thickness of tracheary elements in dwarf trees was shorter and thicker than that in normal trees. The radial width and cell number of the annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. In serial tangential sections, the frequency of anticlinal division is low and loss of cambial initials is small in dwarf trees. The length of cambial initials in water deficit, trees are slightly shorter than that in normal trees, and the intrusive growth of cambial initials during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive in dwarf trees. Thus, it is interpreted that the shortening of tracheary elements in dwarf trees is due to the fact that the length of cambial initials are shortened and the intrusive growth of those during differentiation of xylem mother cells is inactive. The structural variations in the wood of naturally occurring dwarf trees are similar to those of trees subjected to artificial water stress. Therfore, it is suggested that the variations of xylem element in dwarf trees are related to water conditions.

국흘도와 칠발도의 관속식물상

임동옥 한국환경생태학회 2001 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2001 No.1

불갑산지역의 식물상

임동옥 호남대학교 1999 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.20 No.2

The vascular plants in Bulgap-san(Mt.), Youngkwang-gun, chollanamdo, were consited of 436 taxa; 104families, 290 genus, 382 species, 51 varieties, 4 forma. From the floristic point of view, Bulgap-san belongs to the south province in Korea represented as Platycarya strbilacea, Cudrania tricuspidata, Allotus japonicus, Lindera obtusiloba, L. glauca, Euscaphis japonica, Meliosma myriantha, Eurya japonica, Halorrhagis micrantha, Chionanthus retusa, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium and Cymbidium goeringii. The endemic plants appeared to 26 taxa with V grade 2 species, Ⅳ grade 15 species, Ⅲ grade 7 species and Ⅱ grade 1 species was investigated these area. The mark evaluated by five grades was 194.

소나무 구과의 열개 현상에 대한 해부학적 연구

임동옥 湖南大學校 1996 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.17 No.2

소나무 구과의 열개현상을 해부학적 형질을 통해 관찰하였다. 어린 구과에서는 조직의 분화가 완전하게 일어나지 않았지만 각 기관으로 분화되는 과정임을 알 수 있었다. 성숙한 구과와 동일 크기의 녹색 구과에서 유관속다발과 보강조직의 수축율은 각각 1.0-1.5%와 14.0-16.0%였다. 실편의 종단부는 유조직과 보강세포로만 구성되어 있었고, 중앙부는 종단부와 기부 두께의 30%였으며, 유관속 다발과 보강조직의 두께가 비슷하였다. 기부는 실편과 실편 받침이 있어 더욱 두꺼웠으며, 유관속다발보다 보강조직이 2배이상 두껍게 나타났다. 결론적으로 구과가 완전 성숙하여 건조됨에 따라, 종단부는 보강조직으로만 구성되어 있어 조직내 수축만 일어나고 중앙부는 두 조직간 두께가 비슷해 밖으로 휘지 않는다. 그러나 실편내 기부에서 배축면에 위치한 보강조직이 두껍고, 유관속다발보다 보강조직에서 수축율이 훨씬 크므로 실편의 기부가 밖으로 펴지게 되어 구과는 열개된다. The opening phenomenon of mature female cone in Pinus densiflora are observed from the anatomical characteristics. The differentiation of tissue in young cone are not complete and are going on. In the green cone as large as the adult cone, shrinkage rate of vascular strands and sclerenchyma are 1.0-1.5% and 14.0-16.0% respectively. The end parts of cone scale are composed of the parenchymatous cells and sclerenchyma. And the middle parts in cone scals are composed of the sclerenchyma and vascular strands with the same thickness and the thickness of it are 30% compared with the end part and basal one. But the basal part of cone scale with scale prop are composed of scherenchyma are more twice thickness than that of vascular strands. In mature cone, the opening phenomenon of the pine cone results from the difference of shrinkage rate between vascular bundle and sclerenchyma. Especially, opening of cone scales are due to larger shrinkage rate of sclerenchyma than vascular strands in the basal part of cone scale.

보호종인 히 어 리의 자생지 내외 보전과 지역사회 협력 모델 개발 II. 순천(전남) 청소골 지역 히어리개체군의 분포특성 및 동태

임동옥,정흥락,김종홍,황인천,김철환,이현우,Lim Dong-Ok,Choung Heung-Lak,Kim Jong-Hong,Hwang In-Chun,Kim Chul-Hwan,Lee Hyun-Woo 한국환경생태학회 2005 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.19 No.3

전라남도 순천시 서 면 청소골 일대에 분포하는 히어 리개체군의 분포특성과 개체군 동태를 조사하였다. 히어리개체군은 계곡부와 인접한산림 가장자리를 따라 대상으로 분포하였으며,북사면,북서사면 및 북동사면에만 분포하는 특이성을 보였다. 교목층이 형성된 삼림내에서 아교목층이나 관목층을 이루고 있으며,종조성에 있어서는 히어리가 분포하지 않는 인접지 역 삼림식생과 별다른 차이는 없었다. $25\;m^2$당 평균개체수와 개체당 평균 맹아지는 각각 6.25주 및 3개로서 다른 지 역 에 비해 낮은 밀도를 나타냈으며, 이 지 역의 히어 리개체군이 쇠퇴해가고 있음을 알 수 있었다. The dynamics and distribution characteristics of Coryjopsis coreana popujation at Cheongsogol, Sunchon, Cholanam-do, Korea, were investigated. The Coryiopsis coreana pop ulation was distributed along the forest edge and it showed characteristics which were distributed on only directional slopes of the north, northeast or northwest. The Coryjopsis coreana constituted subtree or shrub layer in the forest, and its floristic composition was basically similar to those of adjacent areas where the species does not exist. The number of stump was 6.25 per $25\;m^2$, and each stump had 3 sproutings in average. The density of the Corylopsis coreana population in the study area was lower than that in other area, which suggests the population is declining in the study area.

광주광역시 도심 영산강 수계 습지의 식물자원

임동옥,조원철,최현우 한국습지학회 2009 한국습지학회지 Vol.11 No.2

광주광역시 도심 영산강 수계의 관속식물은 91과 265속 386종 49변종 및 2품종으로 총 437분류군이 확인되었다. 수생식물 중 정수식물은 16분류군, 부엽식물은 10분류군, 침수식물은 10분류군, 부유식물은 3분류군 그리고 습생식물은 14분류군으로 총 53분류군이었다. 희귀 및 멸종위기종은 자라풀, 가시연꽃, 낙지다리, 왕벚나무, 좀어리연꽃 등 5분류군이었다. 특정식물종 I급종은 10분류군, Ⅱ급종 2분류군, Ⅲ급종 2분류군, Ⅳ급종 3분류군 그리고 Ⅴ급종 5분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 15과 44속 59종 3변종으로 총 62분류군이 확인되었고 귀화율은 14.19%였다. 환경부 생태계 교란종은 돼지풀, 물참새피 및 도깨비가지 등이었다. The investigated Varcular plants in Youngsan River Streams of Downtown in Gwangju Metropolitan City consist of total 437 taxa: 2 forms, 49 varieties, 386 species, 265 genera, 91 families. Among 53 taxa of hydrophytes, emerged plants were 16taxa, floating-leaved plants were 10taxa, suvmerged plants were 10taxa, and free-floating plants were 3taxa and swamp plants were 14taxa. Based on the list of Rare and Endangered plants, 5taxa were recorded such as Hydrocharis dubia, Euryale Ferox, Penthorum chinense, Prunus yedoensis, Nymphoides coreana. And Korean endemic Plants were appeared as 5taxa: Poa annua, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Galium koreanum, Aster koraiensis. From the specific plant species sorted by classes, class I has 10taxa, class Ⅱ has 2taxa, class Ⅲ has 2taxa, class Ⅳ has 3taxa, class Ⅴ has 5taxa. Naturalized plant were listed as 62taxa: 15families, 44genera, 59species, 3varieties, and naturalization index was 14.19%. The ecosystem disturbance plants assigned by the Ministry of Environment, 3taxa were recorded: Paspalum distichum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Solanum carilinense.

한국산 두릅나무과 식물 줄기에서 2기목부의 비교 해부

林東沃,蘇雄永 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

한국산 두릅나무과 식물 7속 11종의 목부해부학적 형질을 비교관찰하여 속간 목부의 특수화 정도를 검토하였다. 송악속은 산공재로서, 각상도관이 집합배열하고, 도관끝벽은 단천공이고 측벽은 호생벽공이었으며 방사조직은 오직 횡주세포로 구성된 동성 Ⅱ형이었다. 황칠나무속은 환공재이며 각상의 추재부 소 도관들은 접선대상배열, 단천공 및 호생벽공의 특징을 보였고 방사조직에 간혹 수평수지도가 내재된 이성 Ⅱ형이었다. 팔손이속은 산공재이고 각상도관이 접선대상배열이고, 계문상천공, 계문상 벽공 및 측벽에 나선비후가 나타났으며, 방사조직은 이성 Ⅱ형이었다. 음나무속은 환공재이고, 환상의 소 도관은 접선대상배열이며, 단천공 및 호생벽공 그리고 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직이 나타났다. 그 중 음나무는 도관내 격벽의 형태를 갖는 진충제를 가졌으나, 가는잎음나무에서는 격벽의 형태를 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 땃두릅나무속은 환공재이며 각상도관이 접선대상 배열이고, 단천공 및 계문상 벽공 그리고 격벽형태를 갖는 진충체가 나타났으며 방사조직은 직립세포로만 구성된 paedomorphic type Ⅰ이었다. 오갈피나무속은 산공재이며 각상도관이 접선대상배열, 단천공 및 호생벽공의 특징을 보였다. 본 속에서 오갈피나무는 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직과 離官柔組織 그리고 격벽형태를 갖는 진충제가 나타났다. 가시오갈피는 직립세포로만 구성된 paedomorphic type Ⅰ의 방사조직과 격벽형태인 진충체가 나타났다. 섬오갈피와 오가나무는 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직이 나타났으나, 진충체는 없었다. 두릅나무속은 환공재이고 환상도관이 접선대상배열, 단천공과 호생벽공, 그리고 격벽형태와 망상구조를 한 진충제가 나타났고, 이성 Ⅱ형의 방사조직도 보였다. 도관요소의 배열, 모양, 길이, 직경 및 천공판의 각도와 방사조직의 형태 등에 의한 이들 특수화 순서는 가장 원시적인 팔손이속으로부터, 송악속, 오갈피나무속, 땃두릅나무속, 황칠나무속, 음나무속 그리고 두릅나무속 순으로 사료된다. Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Araliaceous plants, including 7 genera and 11 species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate the relationship among genera in the family. Wood of Hedera has diffuse porous and shows ulmiform pattern of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, and alternate pitting. In addition, its ray is homogeneous type Ⅱ with only procumbent ray cell. Ring porous wood of Dendropanax shows ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, which has sometimes horizontal secretory cavity. Fatsia has diffuse porous wood, which shows ulmiform of angular vessels, scalariform perforation plate (3∼9 bars), scalariform pitting, spiral thickening in the lateral wall of vessel, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray with sheath cells. Kalopanax has ring porous wood, which shows ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray. While K. pictum appears tylose with septum, K. pictum var maximowczii appears tylose without septum. Echinopanax shows ring porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, scalariform pitting, and tylose with septum. And the ray of Echinopanax is paedomorphic type Ⅰ composed of only upright cells. Acanthopanax genus is composed of diffuse porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforationn plate and alternate pitting. In this genus, A sessiliflorus has heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, apotracheal axial parenchyma and tylose with septum. A senticosus appears paedomorphic type Ⅰ with only upright cells, and tylose with septum. A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum have heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray but have not tylose. Aralia is composed of ring porous wood, ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, heterogeneous type Ⅱ ray, and tylose contained both septum and reticulate. On the basis of arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element, the angle of end wall to vessel axis, and ray type, the line of specialization in these genera is as follow: from Fatsia, the most primitive, to the most highly specialized Aralia, throughtout Hedera, Acanthopanax, Echinopanax, Dendropanax and kalopanax by turns.

태청산 지역의 식물상

임동옥 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

태청산 지역에서 채집된 표본을 동정한 결과 전체 종수는 91과 211속 255종 32변종 3품종 총 290종류로 나타났다. 본 지역은 여러 종류의 남부식물이 생육하는 것으로 보아 식물구계학상 남부아구에 속한다. 태청산 지역에서 확인된 평가단위별 특정식물은 5등급이 2분류군, 4등급은 12분류군, 3등급은 5분류군 그리고 2등급이 1분류군으로 총 20분류군으로 확인되었다. 평가단위별 및 등급별 특정식물종의 수에 대한 평가점수는 소권역 전체 총점은 5등급 2분류군에 20점, 4등급 12분류군 96점, 3등급 5분류군 30점, 2등급 1분류군 4점으로 총 20분류군 150점으로 나타났다. The vascular plants in Mt. Taechung, Youngkwang-gun, chollanamdo, were consited of 290 taxa; 91 families, 211 genus, 255 species, 32 varieties, 3 forma. From the floristic point of view, Mt. Taechung belongs to the south province in Korea represented as Platycarya strbilacea, Cudrania tricuspidata, Allotus japonicus, Lindera obtusiloba, L. glauca, Euscaphis japonica, Meliosma myriantha, Eurya japonica, Halorrhagis micrantha, Chionanthus retusa, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium and Cymbidium goeringii. The endemic plants appeared to 20 taxa with V grade 2 species, IV grade 12 species, III grade 5 species and II grade 1 species was investigated these area. The mark evaluated by five grades was 150.

Exploring the Use of General Adverbs in Korean Pre-University Learners’ L2 Writing

임동옥,이준규 한국중원언어학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.42

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that affect the use of GAs (General Adverbs) in L2 writing by focusing on L2 proficiency levels and L1 backgrounds. For data collection, this study utilized the Yonsei English Learner Corpus (YELC) consisting of 3,286 English essays written by high-school graduates, accepted to Yonsei University. The data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the use of L2 GAs and L2 proficiency levels: L2 learners at a higher proficiency level tended to use more and various GAs than L2 learners at a lower proficiency level. In addition, the frequency of the use of certain GAs varied depending on L2 proficiency levels. From the comparison of YELC and Contemporary American English (COCA), the pattern of the use of GAs among Korean EFL learners was mostly similar to that of L2 learners with Chinese L1 background. This finding corresponds to the findings of previous studies on how GAs are used differently across participants with varying language backgrounds.