培地의 營養源 및 pH가 數種 昆虫寄生菌의 菌糸生長 및 胞子生產에 미치는 影響

任大準,李文弘,R.M. Aguda,M.C. Rombach 한국응용곤충학회 1988 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.27 No.1

수종 곤충기생균의 균사생장 및 포자형성에 미치는 탄소원 (dextrose, starch, sucrose, sorbitol)과 실소원(Yeast extract 농도별) 배지 및 pH의 영향을 조사하였다. Metarrhizium ftavoviride var. minus와 Hirsutella strigosa는 dextrose, starch, sucrose 원배지에서 균사생장이 많은 반면 한국에서 발견된 Hirsutella sp.(Korea)는 dextrose률 제외한 배지에서 좋은 생장을 보였다. 사용한 실소원은 균사의 생장에 필수적이나 기생균의 종류에 따라 생장의 차이가 있었다. 그러나 Nomurea riteyi는 배지원에 관계없이 까다로운 균사생장을 나타냈으며 공시균 모두 pH 부근의 배지에서 균사생산량이 많았다. 한편 2종 기생균을 공시하여 포자형성을 조사한 결과, M. flaνoviride var. minus는 공시실소원과 dextrose원 배지에서 포자생산이 많아 기생균별 배지 선택성의 차이를 나타냈다. Growth of Metarrhizium flavoviride var. minus and Hirsut lle strigosa showed good yield in the carbon source media adding dextrose, starch and saccharose, but Hirsutella sp. from korea greq well in the other media except in the dextrose media. Yeast extract was necessary for the mecelial growth of the fungi, but the fungi tested in this experiment showed a difference in the amount of required yeast extract. Growth of Nomurea rileyi was fastidious in the carbon and nitrorgen sourced media and the optimum pH of the media for growth was at 6.7. Sporulation of M. Flavoviride var. minus was high on media, containing 1%~2% of yeast extract as nitrogen and carbon source media, but N. rileyi sporulated abundantly on the media with nitrogen and dextrose.

흰불나방 핵다각체병바이러스의 성상과 병원성에 관한 연구

임대준,현재선,백운하,임종성,Im Dae Joon,Hyun Jae Sun,Paik Woon Hah,Lim Jong Sung 한국응용곤충학회 1979 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.18 No.1

1975년 수원 잠업시험장에서 분리한 흰불나방 핵다각체 바이러스 성상과 령기, 화기별 및 병원체 보존조건에 따른 병원성을 검정하기 위하여 핵다각체 바이러스를 현탁액 및 건조시켜 실온$(18.5^{\circ}C)$, 냉장$(5^{\circ}C)$, 냉동$(-80^{\circ}C)$에 각각 보존, 이병사체는 그대로 양지 음와 지에 보존하였고 야외에서의 병원성, 가잠에 대한 교우감염을 검정한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 흰불나방 핵다각체는 4면체와 6면체로 크기는 약 $2.0{\mu}$이고 바이러스 입자는 간상형의 $2\~12$본으로 $33m\mu\times35m\mu$이었다. 2. 6각형의 흰불나방 중장핵다각체 바이러스는 중장의 핵에서만 발견되었다. 3. 령기별 $LD_{50.}$ 2,3,4 및 5령에 대해 $8.377\times10^4,\;4.974\times10^5,\;2.621\times10^6$ 및 $9.471\times10^6PIBs/ml$ 였으며 $1.45\times10^6\;PIBs/ml$에 대한 $LT_{50}$은 각각 9.6, 11.5, 12.0 및 17.3일 이었다. 4. 핵다각체 바이러스는 1화기 유충보다 2화기 유충에서 감수성이 높았다. 5. 핵다각체 보존은 둔화건조하여 냉동 및 냉장보존하거나 이병사체를 음지에 보존하는 것이 바이러스 활성도의 감소가 적었다. 6. 야외에서의 효과적인 살포농도는 $6.4\times10^7\;PIBs/ml$이며 이의 $LT_{50}$은 3령은 4.8일, 5령은 14.2일이었다. 7. 흰불나방 핵다각체 바이러스와 가잠의 핵다각체 바이러스는 상호 교우감염을 일으키지 않았다. An inclusion forming virus isolated from a fan webworm, Hyphantria cunea, in 1975 was identified as a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. With the virus isolated in Korea, it was considered that the virus would be one of the valuable microorganism in microbial control. In this connection, 1) the shape and size of the virus for identification, 2) susceptibility of the various instar larvae to the virus, 3) the effects of storage condition on the pathogenicity and the cross infection of the virus to the larvae of Bombyx mori were examined. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The polyhedron was tetrahedron or hexahedron of $2\mu$ in size and the rod-shaped virus particles consisting of $2\~14$ rods in a bundle were $330m{\mu}\times35m{\mu}$ in size. 2. The hexagonal nuclear polyhedra were found only in the nucleus of the midgut cells but were variable in size. 3. The $LD_{50}$ values for the various instar larvae of H. cunea were $8.377\times10^4\;PIBs/ml$ for the second, $4.974\times10^5\;PIBs/ml$ for the fifth instar larvae. The $LT_{50}values$ for $10^6\;PIBs/ml$ were 9.6 days for the second, 11.5 days for the third, 12.0 days for the fourth and 17 days for the fifth instar larvae. 4. The susceptibility of H. cunea to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus was greater in the first generation than in the second generation. 5. The effect of the storage conditions on the pathogenicity of the nuclear polyhedra was less in refrigerator $(5^{\circ}C)$ and in freezing $(-80^{\circ}C)$ than in room temperature $(18.5^{\circ}C)$, especially as air-dried polyhedra than as suspension. The pathogenicity of the polyhedra seemed to decrease by sunlight during storage as cadavers, since rather greater decrease in pathogenicity was found in sunny condition than in shady condition. 6. The effective spray concentration was $6.4\times10^7\;PIBs/ml$ in the field and its $LT_50$ values for the third and the fifth instar larvae were 4.8 days and 14.2 days, respectively. 7. No cross infections were found in the nuclear polyhedrosis virus between H. cunea and B. mori. larvae.

술주곤충을 이용한 담배거세미나방핵다각체병바이러스의 대량생산

임대준,최궤문,이문홍,진병래,강석권 한국응용곤충학회 1989 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.2

담배거세미나방핵다각체병바이러스대량생산연구에서, 5영충에 $1.1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^7다각체/ml$로 접종 후 8일에 수확했을 때 한 마리당 $6.7{\;}\times{\;}10^9$ 다각체를생산할 수 있었으며, 이때 통과는 한 마리당 약 2g의 인공통과로 충분하였다. 합성유약 호르몬인 methoprene ($Manta^{\circledR}$)을 처리했을 때 종영유충기간이 1~2일 연장되었으며, 바이러스 생산에 있어서도 무처리에 비해 약 15% 증가되었다. Mass production of Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SINPV) was carried out on massively reared host insects. The yield of SINPV was maximal with $6.7{\;}\times{\;}10^9$ PIBs per larva on the 8th day post inoculation, when 5th instar larvae were inoculated with $1.1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^7$ PIBs per ml, and 2 g of artificial diet was sufficient for food consumption of a larva. The moribund larvae were more suitable for handling and mass production of virus than the completely dead larvae. The larvae, when treated with methoprene ($Manta^{\circledR}$), prolonged their larval period and consequently became bigger to result in higher yield(about 15%) of virus.

곤충 핵다각체병 바이러스를 이용한 담배거세미나방의 미생물적방제. I. 기주식물, 온도, 보관 미 태양광선이 바이러스의 병원성에 미치는 영향

임대준,진병래,최기문,강석권 한국응용곤충학회 1990 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.29 No.3

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병 바이러스(Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedroses virus: SINPV) 미생물살충제로 개발하기 위하여 기주식물, 온도 보관조건 및 태양광선에 의한 병원성 및 안정성에 대하여 조사하였다. 콩잎에 살포한 SlNPV의 담배거세미나방 3령과 5령 유충에 대한 $LC_{50}$은 각각 $1.301\times10^{4 PIBS}/ml$와 $1.087\times10^{5 PIBS}/ml$였으며 $1.0\times10^{6 PIBS}/ml$에 대한 $LC_{50}$은 3령과 5령에 대하여 각각 7.3일파 8.9일이었다. SINPV는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간, $60^{\circ}C$에서 1 10분 처리하였을 때 활성이 저하되었으며 처리시간이 길어질수록 급격한 활성감소현상을 보였다. 또한 SINPV는 $-20^{\circ}C$ 동결보관이 $4^{\circ}C$나 $25^{\circ}C$ 보관보다 안정적인 활성을 유지하였다. 콩잎표변에 살포한 SINPV는 콩잎표변에 살포한 경우 3일 후에 불활화하였으나 콩잎 이면살포에서는 10일간 활성이 지속되었다. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura would be a promisible agent for the control of the insect. To develop a viral insecticide using S. litura NPV, effect of spray on soybean leaves, temperature, storage, an sunlight on the pathogenicity of the virus were studies as follows: Median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of the virus sprayed on the leaves against the third and the fifth instar larvae were $1.301\times10^{4 PIBS}/ml$ and $1.087\times10^{5 PIBS}/ml$, respectively. On the concentration of $1.0\times10^{5 PIBS}/ml$, median lethal times ($LT_{50}$) were 7.3 days for the 3rd and 8.9 days for the 5th instar larvae. Stability of S. litura NPV was quickly decreased at the higher temperate than $60^{\circ}C$ and at the longer exposure to the higher temperature. Storage of the virus at $-20^{\circ}C$ was kept higher pathogenicity than $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. Viral activity was maintained more than 10 days in the sprayed-under leaves, but decreased at 3 day after spray in th sprayed-on the leaf surface when exposed the virus to sunlight.

적외선 촬영으로 측정한 편도질환에서의 통증변화

임대준,김동욱,강성호,김보형,이근수 대한기관식도과학회 2000 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

Backgroud and Objectives: Because the pain is subjective in human, we frequently need the objective tool for estimation of pain. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a method for pain grading, but it is also a subjective method. The purpose of this study is to seek an objective method for measurement of pain. Author suggests that the estimation of local body temperature may be associated with the severity of pain in tonsillar disease and the change of it measured by Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI), may also be correlated with the change of pain. Materials and Method : Four groups were selected and measured for VAS and body temperature in DITI. Group A and B were post-tonsillectomy groups divided by age. Group C was acute tonsillitis group. Group D was peritonsillar abscess group. Results : In Group A and B, the subjective VAS was significantly correlated with objective local body temperature (correlation coefficient r=0.673, 0.647) and significant correlation was also present in acute tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess groups(r=0.596,0.642). Conclusion : The change of pain was strongly associated with that of local body temperature in tonsillar disease. DITI is a useful method for objective grading of pain and can be used for the study of postoperatve pain and effectiveness of pain control.

바이러스 살충제 실용화 어디까지 왔나?

임대준 한국작물보호협회 1989 자연과 농업 Vol.10 No.5

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병 바이러스의 생화학적 특성

임대준,박범석,최궤문,강석권 한국곤충학회 1989 Korean journal of entomology Vol.19 No.2

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병 바이러스의 단백질을 SDS-PAGE한 결과, 다각체 단백질은 분자양 31 Kd.의 major band와 7개의 minor band로 분리되었으며, 비리온 단백질은 27개의 band로 관찰되었고, 그중 비교적 작은 분자량의 12개 band는 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 또한 비리온 단백질을 은염색 (silver stain)하여 Coomassie brilliant blue로 염색된 27개의 band외에 다수의 minor band를 관찰했다. 이들 단백질을 아미노산 분석한 결과는 다각체 단백질의 경우 glutamic acid, aspartic acid등의 양이 많은 반면 histidine, cystine등의 양은 비교적 적었으며, 뉴클레오캡시드는 주로 염기성인 arginine, lysine등이 많게 나타났다. 바이러스 DNA의 제한효소 분석에 의하면 그 genome은 약 122kb.였다. 한편 제한효소 분석 pattern중에 몇개의 submolar fragment가 관찰되었다. The structural proteins and DNA of Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SINPV) were characterised by SDS-PAGE, amino acid analysis and restriction endonucleases. The major band of MW.31 Kd and 7 minor polypeptides in the polyhedral protein were shown by SDS-PAGE. Viral proteins of SINPV were more detectable polypeptides by silver nitrate than 27 polypeptides by Coomassie brilliant blue. Among the above polypeptides, 12 polypeptides with small MW. were observed in the nucleocapsid protein. In amino acid analysis, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were abundant in the polyhedral protein while arginine and lysine in the nucleocapsid. The genome of SINPV was 122 Kb in size and several submolar fragments were observed by restriction endonucleases.

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병 바이러스 분리 및 형태적 관찰

임대준,박범석,최궤문,강석권 한국곤충학회 1989 Korean journal of entomology Vol.19 No.1

담배거세미나방으로부터 분리된 핵다각체병 바이러스의 다각체는 외형상 평면적으로 사각형이며 크기는 1.3~2.3 $mu extrm{m}$로 변이를 보였으며 평균 1.9 $\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 다각체를 알칼리 용액에서 용해시킨 후 당밀도구배원심분리했을 때 봉입체내의 뉴클레오캡시드 수에 따라서 9개의 비리온층으로 나타났으며, 다각체 단면을 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 하나의 봉입체내에 다수의 뉴클레오캡시드가 봉입되어있는 multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MNPV)였다. 뉴클레오캡시드는 40~50nm$\times$380~440 nm크기의 봉상으로 거의 균일하였다. Physical characteristics of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from Spodoptera litura was examined under the electron microscopes. A polyhedron was 1.9 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in average with the range of 1.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 2.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and showed tetragonal in outline. Virions released from polyhedra after alkaline treatment were separated into nine bands through sucrose linear density gradient centrifugation, but the bands were depended on the number of rod-shaped nucleocapsids in an envelope. Nucleocapsids were embedded in a virion, so called multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MNPV), under the electron microscope with the size of 40~50 nm by 380~440 nm.

양극 라디오전파 하비갑개성형술을 이용한 알레르기성 비염의 치료

임대준,강성호,김보형,조영찬,오대현,정민섭,김형곤 대한이비인후과학회 2005 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.48 No.9

Background and Objectives:The ideal treatment for allergic rhinitis that is refractory to medical therapy is still lacking.Recently, radiofrequency-assisted partial turbinoplasty (RFAPT) has been introduced as a new treatment modality for reduction of inferior turbinate volume. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of RFAPT for the treatment of allergic rhinitis that is unresponsive to medical therapy and compare the postoperative outcome of RFAPT with that of Laser-assisted partial turbinoplasty (LAPT). Subjects and Method:Forty-eight patients with nasal obstruction due to allergic rhinitis which is refractory to medical therapy were prospectively evaluated with a follow-up period of 3 months. Twenty patients (40 sides) were treated with RFAPT, and 28 patients (56 sides) with LAPT. The the degree of postoperative changes in nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, itchy nose, sneezing, operation time, operation-associated pain, intraoperative bleeding, duration of crust formation was compared between the two surgical methods. Result:There were no significant differences in the improvement of allergic symptoms and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups. Operative time was less in the RFAPT group and crust was formed for a shorter postoperative period. Operation-associated pain was less in the LAPT group. Conclusion:The study demonstrates that RFAPT appears to be effective for treating allergic rhinitis whihc demonstrates poor response to medical therapy.

곤충 핵다각체병바이러스를 이용한 담배거세미나방의 생물적 방제. II. 담배거세미나방 핵다각체병바이러스의 살충제 제제화

임대준,진병래,최귀문,강석권 한국응용곤충학회 1990 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.29 No.4

담배거세미나방 핵다각체병바이러스에 섭식촉진물질, 다각체 침전방지제 및 전착물질과 자외선 차단제를 첨가하여 만든 3종의 바이러스 살충제를 담배거세미나방 유충에 먹여 제제별로 살충 효과를 비교하였다. 바이러스 살충제에 설탕농도 1-5% 첨가로 섭식촉진이 증대되어 살충효과가 높았으며, 바이러스의 불활화 차단효과도 있었다. 살충제 제형에 따른 바이러스 침전방지는 polyvinylalcohoI 0.5%, 식물체 전착성은 Triton X -100 0.1 %에서 효과가 좋았다. 자외선차단제의 양은 white carbon은 100 L 당 800 g, molasses는 30%첨가에서 바이러스의 불활화가 감소되었으며 white carbon-molasses 혼합제는 white carbon 500 g, molasses 10%의 비율에서는 살충효과가 약간 감소하였으나 세 제제 모두 살포 3일후 95%이상의 살충율을 보였다. White carbon 체제는 molasses 제제보다 다각체 포매가 뚜렷하여 잔류효과가 증대되었으나 유충의 섭식은 molasses제제에서 촉진되었다. Three viral insecticides were differently formulated with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from Spdodoptera litura by addition of feeding attractant, anti-precipitate of polyhedra, spreading agent, and UV-protectants. Sucrose was effective for attraction of larval feeding to increase the mortality and for protection of polyhedra from inactivation by sunlight when added 1% to 5% of sucrose solution to the formulations. Contents of additives to the formulations were 0.5% in polyvinyl alcohol to prohibit the precipitation of polyhedra and 0.1% in Triton X-100 to spread and wet the formulations to the plant. Inactivation of the virus under sunlight was decreased when added 800g of white carbon to 100 L of water in the white carbon formulation and 30% of molasses to the molasses's. In the formulation of white carbon and molasses mixtures, activation of the virus was increased when mixtured 500g of the former with 10% of the latter. Three formulations were persisted their pathogenicity more than 95% of mortality at 3 days p.i. Encapsulation of the polyhedral surface was more distinctively coated with the carbon and showed more effective in the residual effects of the white carbon than others, but the molasses more attractive for larval feeding.