일본의 건축설비진단 현황

이중선,정재원,Lee, Jung-Seon,Jeong, Jae-Won 한국설비기술협회 1997 설비 : 공조ㆍ냉동ㆍ위생 Vol.14 No.2

양극성 장애 조증으로 입원한 환자에서 Olanzapine 처방 양상에 관한 연구

이중선,안준호,박지홍,이철,김창윤 대한정신약물학회 2004 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate current trends in the prescription patterns of olanzapine in patients with bipolar disorder and to examine the relationship between the prescription patterns and the clinical outcome. Methods : We investigated the prescription patterns of olanzapine of bipolar patients who were discharged between March 1, 2001 and October 31, 2003 by retrospective review of medical records. Prescription patterns included maximum dose, average dose, duration of olanzapine treatment, and so on. Treatment outcome was measured by using Clinical Global Impression – improvement scale (CGI-I) at discharge. Results : The use of antipsychotics was found to be increasing and olanzapine accounted for about 30% of antipsychotics prescribed in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Average and maximum dose of olanzapine in 2003 were increased compared with those in 2001 or 2002. Higher average and maximum dose of olanzapine treatment resulted in better global outcome. Conclusion : These findings confirm the important role of antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine in the current treatment of bipolar disorder and also support the recent recommendation of high dose of olanzapine in the treatments of acute manic symptoms. 목 적:이 연구의 목적은 양극성 장애 환자에서 olan -zapine의 처방 양상과 그것이 임상적 치료 효과에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 방 법:2001년 3월 1일부터 2003년 10월 31일 사이에 퇴원한 양극성 장애 환자의 olanzapine의 처방 양상을 의무기록을 통하여 조사하였다. 처방 양상은 olan -zapine의 최대 용량, 평균 용량, 약물 사용 기간 등을 포함하였다. 치료 효과는 퇴원시 정기적으로 평가하여 기록한 Clinical Global Impression(CGI-I) 척도로 평가 하였다. 결 과:양극성 장애 치료에서 항정신병 약물의 사용이 증가 하였고 그 중에 olanzapine은 30% 정도를 차지 하였다. 2003년에 입원한 환자에 처방된 olanzapine의 평균 및 최대 용량은 2001년이나 2002년에 입원한 환자와 비교 하였을 때 증가 하였다. 그리고 평균 용량 및 최대 용량이 높을수록 치료 효과가 좋았다. 결 론:본 연구는 양극성 장애 치료에 있어서 항정신병 약물 특히 olanzapine의 중요성을 확인하였고 또한 급성 조증 치료에서 olanzapine 권장 용량이 높아지는 최근 추세를 지지하는 결과를 보여 주었다.

정신과적 문제로 응급실에 내원한 환자 중 자살기도자와 자살사망자의 임상특성 예비 비교 연구

이중선,최재원,박수빈,유한익,홍진표 대한신경정신의학회 2010 신경정신의학 Vol.49 No.2

Objectives: There is increasing evidence of an association between suicide and psychiatric disorders. This is the first report in Korea investigating the differences in clinical and demographic characteristics between suicide completers and suicide attempters who visited emergency room. Methods: For this study, we enrolled patients who had visited the emergency rooms of university-affiliated medical centers or hospitals, due to psychiatric problems, between January 2003and December 2006. In October 2007, we used the Korea national statistical office to identify the suicide completers among these enrollees. We then conducted a retrospective chart review comparing clinical and demographic characteristics between suicide attempters and completers. Results: During the study period, 1,106 such patients visited the emergency room of a university affiliated medical center or hospital. Among these, there were 162 suicide attempters and 13 suicide completers. Suicide completion was a proportionately-higher fraction of the suiciderelated behaviors of patients with schizophrenia (27.3%) and anxiety/somatoform disorder (50.0%), as compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders. Also, suicide completers used more violent methods of suicide. Conclusion: These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia and anxiety/somatoform disorder make more fatal suicide attempts. The proportion of suicide completion within the suicide-related behaviors of these patients was higher than found in other psychiatric disorders. A greater number of risk factors should be elucidated to provide effective suicide prevention programs in Korea.

덕티드팬에서 벤트 효과 측정 연구

이중선,정수호,최수영,김승필,김명진 한국항공우주학회 2015 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

덕티드팬을 이용하는 소형 무인항공기는 민수용 및 군용 정찰 및 감시용으로 응용되고 있다. 무인항공기 운용 거리와 비행시간을 증가시키기 위해서는 제자리비행 및 전진비행 추력 특성 연구가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 덕티드팬에 벤트를 만들어 밴트 개방 수를 변화하여 가면서 제자리비행과 전진비행 조건에서 추력 효과를 분석하였다. 제자리비행과 전진비행 상태 모두 벤트를 개방한 수에 비례하여 덕티드팬은 벤트를 닫은 덕티드팬 보다 추력 향상 되는 효과를 확인하였다. Small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles which are composed of ducted fan for surveillance and reconnaissance mission are applied in civil and military usages. In order to develop unmanned aerial vehicles’ operational distance and flight time, it is important to study thrust characteristics in hovering and forward flight. This paper represents the thrust characteristics of the ducted fan with vents for two conditions: hovering and forward flight. As the number of vents increases, thrust increasing effects are found in proportional to the number of vents which is open for both conditions.

항정신병약물에 의한 대사부작용에 대한 이론과 대처방안

이중선 대한신경정신의학회 2019 신경정신의학 Vol.58 No.1

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of abnormal clinical and metabolic findings that are predictive of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence (approximately 30–40%) of MetS in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population, which is one of the reasons why patients with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy of 10 to 20 years compared to the general population. Many factors, including low exercise, smoking, unhealthy food, decreased medical service utilization, and treatments with antipsychotics (esp. olanzapine and clozapine), affect the development of MetS in schizophrenia patients. MetS in patients with schizophrenia may begin prior to antipsychotics and occur more often with the treatment of antipsychotics. Therefore, patients with schizophrenia, who are taking antipsychotics, should receive regular monitoring and adequate treatment of MetS.

Localized Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum-likeChanges on the Chin

이중선,김유찬 대한피부과학회 2008 Annals of Dermatology Vol.20 No.4

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare, inherited, multisystem disorder characterized by progressive calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibers. Typically, small, yellowish papules are located on the neck and flexural areas; however, localized acquired cutaneous PXE has been proposed as a non-heritable form of the disorder. We report a patient who had normal appearing skin on the chin with an itching sensation and had PXE-like changes by skin biopsy.

정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병 약물과 공복혈당 및 총 콜레스테롤 이상

이중선,이재현,전정원,이동은,신상철,안준호,한오수,김창윤 대한정신약물학회 2005 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Objective :The concerns about significant weight gain induced by antipsychotics have been recently increased. It raised an issue about the possible effect of antipsychotics on the glucose and lipid metabolism. To address this issue, we investigated the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism(impaired fasting glucose (110mg/dl≤fasting glucose≤125mg/dl) or diabetes (fasting glucose≥126mg/dl)) in patients taking antipsychotics and also compared the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism between typical and atypical antipsychotics. Methods:The subjects included 76 outpatients and 109 inpatients with schizophrenia by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria who had been taking antipsychotics regularly for at least 1 month. We measured fasting glucose, total cholesterol level after midnight NPO. Information about demographic and clinical characteristics of patients was gathered from interview with patients, family members, and the medical records. Results :24 of 185 schizophrenia patients (13.0%) showed abnormal glucose metabolism. 6 of 47 patients taking olanzapine (12.8%) and 2 of 34 patients taking haloperidol (5.9%) showed abnormal glucose metabolism. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher with olanzapine than with haloperidol, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, patients with olanzapine showed higher fasting glucose level than those with haloperidol. There was no significant correlation between medication dose and fasting glucose, total cholesterol level. Conclusion :The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher in patients with antipsychotics. Olanzapine was more likely to raise fasting blood glucose to higher level than haloperidol. 목 적:항정신병 약물에 의한 체중의 증가는 항정신병 약물이 당, 지질 대사에 영향을 줄 가능성이 있다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구의 목적은 항정신병 약물이 당, 지질 대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것으로 항정신병 약물을 복용하고 있는 정신분열병 환자의 당대사 이상(공복혈당장애(110 mg/dl≤공복혈당≤125 mg/dl) 또는 당뇨병(공복혈당≥126 mg/dl)의 유병율을 조사하고 항정신병 약물 종류간에 유병율에 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 방 법:항정신병 약물을 적어도 1개월 이상 꾸준히 복용한, DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받은 입원환자 109명, 외래 환자 76명을 대상으로 하였다. 전날 자정부터 금식한 환자의 공복혈당 및 총 콜레스테롤을 측정하였다. 환자에 대한 기본정보는 환자와의 직접 면담, 보호자와의 면담, 의무기록을 통해 얻었다. 결 과:정신분열병 환자 185명 중 24명(13.0%)이 당대사 이상을 보였다. 당대사 이상의 유병율이 약물간에 차이가 있는지 비교해 보면 olanzapine 복용 환자의 경우 47명 중 6명(12.8%), haloperidol 복용 환자의 경우 34명 중 2명(5.9%)에서 당대사 이상을 보였다. Ola -nzapine 복용한 군이 haloperidol 복용한 군보다 당대사 이상의 유병율은 높았지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 그러나 공복혈당을 비교했을 때 olanzapine을 복용하고 있는 환자가 haloperidol을 복용하고 있는 환자보다 공복혈당이 유의미하게 높았다. 항정신병 약물의 용량과 공복혈당, 총 콜레스테롤 양과의 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다.결 론:항정신병 약물을 복용한 정신분열병 환자의 당대사 이상의 유병율은 13.0%였다. 그리고 olanzapine을 복용한 환자군이 haloperidol을 복용한 환자군 보다 공복혈당, 신체비만지수가 유의하게 높았고 총 콜레스테롤은 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다.

Moisturizer and skin barrier

이중선 한국피부장벽학회 2021 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Moisturizers are topically applied products designed to increase the water content of the skin. Ingredients used in these products have a range of actions, including preventing transepidermal water loss and promotion of desquamation. Moisturizers provide functional skin benefits, such as making the skin smooth and soft, increasing skin hydration, and improving skin optical characteristics. The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis, is the primary physiologic barrier of the skin and is of critical importance in maintaining water balance. There are two elements important for the maintenance of SC humidity: intercellular lipids, which form the main barrier against diffusion of water across the SC, and natural moisturizing factor (NMF), with a key role in the absorption of water in the SC. In recent years, with a fuller understanding of the structure and function of the skin barrier, the science of moisturizer development has advanced significantly. Modern moisturizers frequently combine ingredients with different mechanisms of action to achieve specific results. Classically, moisturizers in the retail marketplace can, as a general rule, be classified into 4 main groups: emollient dominant, humectant based, occlusive, and therapeutic. Occlusive moisturizers prevent evaporation of water or reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from the skin by forming a barrier. This barrier allows replenishment of the water content of the stratum corneum by the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis. Humectants are compounds that attract and bind water. Some of these substances, like urea, are endogenously present and make up part of the NMF. Humectants can hydrate the skin if the humidity is more than 70%, but more commonly, will draw water from the deeper epidermis and dermis. Emollients are substances added to immediately soften and smooth the skin and act by filling the spaces between desquamating corneocytes to create a smooth surface, so makes the skin reflect light better and impart immediate visible improvement. Recent advances in skin barrier research further identifies new class of moisturizing ingredient: ceramide and physiologic lipid mixture. And potential side effects of commonly used moisturizer will be also discussed.

Olanzapine 복용 이후 당뇨병 케톤산증이 발생한 정신분열병 환자

이중선,김진용,안준호,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

The use of olanzapine has been associated with clinically significant hyperglycemia (exacerbation of existing diabetes, new-onset type 2 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis). We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in 30-year-o1d male patient with schizophrenia who was on olanzapine. When he was admitted to the hospital because of DKA, he had been taking olanzapine for 43 months. 14 months before the admission, his fasting and 2 hour postprandial serum glucose levels were normal. He had no personal and family history of diabetes mellitus. He had no risk factor for diabetes mellitus except for obesity (body mass index : 39.2 kgW). He also hadno precipitating factors for DKA such as infection or myocardial infarction. Periodic monitoring for changes in serum glucose levels in patients taking olanzapine may be needed.

Antipsychotic Effects of Quetiapine in Naturalistic Long Term Follow Up Study

이중선,안중호,김도훈,Jong-Jin Kim,Tae-Young Kim,유소영,Dong-Geun Lee,이상혁,임세원,임원정,Il-Kyung Jung,Hae-Kyung Jung,Dong-Hwan Cho,조인희,김창윤 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.2

ObjectiveaaThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of quetiapine and the effects of dosage relates to its effectiveness on schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a naturalistic setting in Korean people. MethodsaaThis study was a 24-week, open-label, non-comparative, naturalistic study of quetiapine in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV. We stratified the patients into mild [(clinical global impression severity (CGI-S)<4 at baseline)] and severe groups (CGI-S ≥4 at baseline). We investigated the response rate, defined as clinical global impression improvement (CGI-I) ≤2, in the severe group and the aggravation rate in the mild group using the last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) and the Kaplan-Meier method (K-M). ResultsaaDuring the 24 weeks, 151 (18.4%) of the participants dropped out of the study. There was a significant decrease in the mean CGI-S score, from 4.5±1.1 at baseline to 2.8±1.1 at 24 weeks. The response rate of severe group was 54.5% (estimated by LOCF) and 73.3%(K-M estimated) at 24 weeks. All patients who completed the study had taken a mean quetiapine dosage of 507.9±245.9 mg daily. The decrease of CGI-S score in high-dose group (the maximum dose was 750 mg/d or above) was statistically significant than that in recommendeddose group (the maximum dose was less than 750 mg/d). ConclusionaaThis study demonstrated the long-term effectiveness of quetiapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in a naturalistic setting in Korean people. This study suggests that higher than recommended quetiapine dosages could be more effective in some patients.