수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

수학자 보재 이상설(李相卨)의 근대자연과학 수용 -『백승호초(百勝胡艸)』를 중심으로-

이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),박종윤 ( Chong Yun Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육논문집 Vol.27 No.4

본 논문은 한국 근대수학교육의 아버지 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학―물리학―에 기여한 내용을 다루고있다. 이상설은 ?수리(數理)?를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 붓으로 총 8면에 걸쳐 『백승호초(百勝胡艸)』라는이름의 고전물리학 원고를 써서 남겼다. 분석결과 이 책의 원전은 1879년에 동경제대 의학부 교재로 발간된 『물리학(物理學)』이다. 이상설은 『백승호초』에서 먼저 개념을 정의하고, 일상에서 나타난 대표적 현상을 선록하여 한문으로번역하였고, 『물리학』의 전체 분량에서도 특히 ‘통유성(通有性)’에 중점을 두고 설명하였다. 동양에서 서양의 수리과학이 들어와야만 말할 수 있는 ‘질량보존의 법칙’, ‘타성(惰性, 관성)’과 같은 고전물리학의 중요개념을 포함하는 내용이 19세기 말에 이미 이 책에 소개된 것으로 보아 이상설은 당대의 다른 저술에서 보기 힘들 정도로 당시 일반물리학의 최고수준의 원서를 통해 최신 정보를 수용하고 전파하기 위하여 노력하였음을 볼 수 있다. Sang-Seol Lee(1870-1917) wrote a manuscript BaekSeungHoCho(百勝胡艸) in the late 19th century. BaekSeungHo-Cho was transcribed in classical Chinese from the 1879 Japanese book Physics(物理學) by Teizo Ihimori (1851-1916). Sang-Seol Lee, a famous independence activist, is also called Father of the Modern Mathematics Education of Korea,because of his early contribution to the modern mathematics education in the 19th century. In this paper, we introduce contents of his manuscript BaekSeungHoCho for the first time and discuss the significance of this book. Also, we show his constribution on the introduction to modern physics in the late 19th century Korea.

국내 군용항공기 감항인증 체계 구축에 관한 연구

이재화,백승호,김창영,윤성현,Lee, Jaehwa,Baek, Suengho,Kim, Changyoung,Yun, Songhyun 항공우주시스템공학회 2007 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.1 No.3

This is a study on the establishment of airworthiness certification system fitted for korean military aircraft acquisition and export. Based on the investigation of US civil & military airworthiness system and analysis of the real state of domestic military aircraft acquisition, this paper offers some ideas that can be helpful to establish laws and organizations to certify airworthiness. Particularly this paper suggests that the best way to build airworthiness certification laws/guidelines and technical criteria, the optimal organizational structure which is decentralized by dividing administrative certification authority and technical research center.

형질전환된 벼세포배양에서 green fluorescent protein (GFP) 생산

이재화,Lee, Jae-Hwa 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

형광단백질 (green fluorescent protein, GFP)은 생물공정을 살피데 지표 단백질로 유용하게 사용이 된다. 본 연구에서는 쌀세포에서 외래 단백질의 발현양상을 관찰하기 위해서, 표지 단백질로 GFP를 형질전환 후 이것에서 유도된 현탁세포에서 GFP의 발현 양상을 관찰하였다. 형질전환시 GFP의 발현을 위한 프로모터로 RAmysE를 사용하였으며 이것은 배양액 중에서 당이 고갈되었을 때 강력히 작동된다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 배양액 중에 다양한 슈크로오스 농도로 쌀세포를 배양하여 세포의 성장양태 및 GFP의 발현양에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 세포의 성장은 12%의 당농도에서 7.06g/L로 최적이였으며 GFP는 당을 가장 적게 사용한 3%에서 최적임을 알 수가 있었다. 이것은 세포의 성장과 GFP의 생산에 사용된 당이 반대로 영향을 미침을 알 수가 있었으며 향후 최적의 대량배양을 위해서는 세포의 성장과 산물의 생산시기를 분리한 이단계 배양법이 필요함을 암시한다. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an attractive reporter for bioprocess monitoring. A fluorescence-based method was developed to quantify GFP levels in transgenic plants and protein extracts. In this study, GFP was produced and secreted from suspension cells derived from transgenic rice. The RAmy3E promoter placed before the GFP gene controlled by sugars such as sucrose. The effects of sucrose concentration on the secretion of GFP and total protein into the medium were investigated in batch suspension culture. It was possible, therefore, to induce the expression of the GFP by removing sucrose from the cultured media or by allowing the rice suspension cells to deplete sucrose catabolically. The dry cell weight (7.06 g/L) and GFP level were detected as highest at 12%, 3% sucrose after 20 day culture, respectively. However secreted GFP fluorescence at the other sucrose concentrations (6%, 12%, 18% and 24%) were a little amount in media.

형질전환된 식물세포에서 hGM-CSF 생산과 안정성에 대한 다양한 탄소원의 효과

이재화,Lee Jae-Hwa 한국식물생명공학회 2005 식물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.4

The effects of various carbon sources on the secretion of hGM-CSF, total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight (11.2 g/L) and wet cell weight (310.8 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L glucose after 5-day culture but, the dry cell weight (13.4 g/L) and wet cell weight (480 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. The total protein (110.3 mg/L), protease activity (3950 U/L) and total secreted hGM-CSF (56 mg/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. Stabilization of the total secreted protein and hGM-CSF in various carbon source concentrations was determined. Total secreted protein was most stabilized in the medium containing sucrose. However, the loss of the total protein was increased with the concentrations of high level in medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, and glucose. hGM-CSF was more stabilized in the medium containing sucrose than in the medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, glucose. 다양한 탄소원을 사용하였을 시, 세포성장에 미치는 영향은 배양 5일제 glucose를 사용한 배양세포에서 dry cell weight가 11.2 g/L, wet cell weight가 310.8 g/L로 가장 높았다. 이후 배양 10일차에는 오히려 sucrose를 탄소원으로 사용한 배양세포에서 dry cell weight가 13.4 g/L, wet cell weight가 480 g/L로 가장 높이 성장한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Total secreted protein의 경우는 배양 10일차에 sucrose를 기본 탄소원으로 사용하였을 때 110.3 mg/L로 가장 높게 나왔다. Total secreted protease 역시, 배양 10일차에 sucrose를 기본 탄소원으로 사용한 배양씩에서 3950 U/L로 가장 많은 양이 측정되었다. 최종적으로 재조합된 단백질인 hGM-CSF의 생산량에 대한 측정결과, sucrose를 기본 탄소원로 사용한 배지에서 배양 10일차에 56 mg/L로 가장 높게 측정됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 외에 다양한 탄소원 농도변화에 따른 total secreted protein과 hGM-CSF의 안정성 평가를 확인해본 결과, total secreted protein의 경우, 비교대상으로 사용한 sucrose에서는 농도변화에도 큰 손실률을 보이지는 않았으나, sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, glucose의 경우에는 농도가 높아질수록 배양액내의 protein의 손실률이 증가 하였다. 총 분비된 hGM-CSF 역시 sucrose에 비해 sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, glucose에서는 분비된 hGM-CSF의 양이 크게 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 탄소원의 농도가 높아질수록 hGM-CSF의 양이 감소하는 경향이 크게 나타났다.

포물선 형태의 균열열림변위를 사용한 직교 적층판의 모재균열에 의한 강성저하 해석

이재화,홍창선 ( Jae Hwa Lee,Chang Sun Hong ) 한국복합재료학회 1991 Composites research Vol.4 No.1

악성 근상피종의 세침흡인 세포학적 소견 -1 예 보고-

이재화,박진경,허방,Lee, Jae-Hwa,Park, Jean-Kyung,Hur, Bang 대한세포병리학회 2002 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Malignant myoepithelioma (myoepithelial carcinoma), is a very rare malignant epithelial accounting for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors and has an intermediate malignant potential. We report a case of malignant myoepithelioma arising in the left parotid giand in a 54-year-old man, which was difficult to differentiate from pleomorphic adenoma and other malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the parotid gland showed cellular smear, composed of overlapped sheets and clusters or individually scattered tumor cells without any acinic or ductal structures. The tumor cells were rather uniform, with distinct cell borders and moderate amount of cytoplasm. The eccentrically located nuclei were oval to round and pleomorphic and showed prominent nucleoli. A few clear cells were noted in the cellular aggregates Metachromatic matrix was seen between individual tumor cells in a lacelike fashion, resembling pleomorphic adenoma. According to the immunohistochemical staining, we recognized that the component cells are myoeplthelial in nature, showing reactivity for the S-100 protein, vimentin, and actin.

Bio-hydrogen production from a marine brown algae and its bacterial diversity

이재화,Dong-Geun Lee,Jae-Il Park,Ji-Youn Kim 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.1

The aim of this study was to determine how bio-hydrogen production was related to the composition of the bacterial community in a dark fermentation fed with marine brown algae (Laminaria japonica). The bacterial diversity was ascertained by 16S rDNA PCR-sequencing. A total of 444 mL of bio-hydrogen was produced from 10 g/L of dry algae in a 100 mL of culture fluid for 62 h. The pH varied from 8.74 to 7.05. Active bio-hydrogen production was observed from 24 to 48 h, and maximum bio-hydrogen production was 106 mL over 1 L gas. The bacterial community of the activated sludge consisted of 6 phyla, where H2 producing and consuming bacteria coexisted. The only detectable bacterial phylum after bio-hydrogen generation with heat-treated (65 oC, 20 min) seeding was Firmicutes. Clostridium and Bacillus species constituted 54% and 46%, respectively, of the bacterial mixture and the most abundant species was Clostridium beijierinckii (34%). These results may provide a better understanding of how different biohydrogen communities affect hydrogen production and aid in the optimization of bio-hydrogen production.

Characterization of thiosulfate-oxidizing Enterobacter hormaechei JH isolated from barnyard manure

이재화,Sung-Hyun Kim,In Hae Kim,Won Jae Lee 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.5

In an effort to discover sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms, a new bacterium was screened from barnyard manure. This strain was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei JH by its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. E. hormaechei JH are Gram-negative rod, non-spore-forming, and aerobic. The pH range for E. hormaechei JH growth was 2.0-9.0, and the optimal pH was determined as pH 7.0. The optimal temperature for growth was 30 oC. We compared the growth of this strain with Thiobacillus delicates KCTC2851, which is a well known thiosulfate oxidizing microorganism. E. hormaechei JH presented greater growth than T. delicates KCTC2851. Thus, the above results indicate this strain is a candidate for improving the removal efficiency of biological deodorizing systems.

영어 선행사 연관 삭제 현상의 최적성 접근

이재화(Jaehwa Lee) 한국영어교육연구학회 2023 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.53

This research deals with Antecedent Connected Deletion(ACD) phenomena in English. To understand the ACD reconstruction, this research is based on Chomsky’s(2005) assertion that cognitive system is the third language design factor(i.e. data processing and computational efficiency). This research introduces Optimality Approach to discuss the connection between the ACD reconstruction and the cognitive system. The researcher quotes two example sentences from Lee’s(2023) study. In each sentence, there is an ACD construction. To extract ACD reconstruction candidates, the researcher sets up a Grammar Model: Surface Structure(generation of ACD), Predicate Structure(Predication of ACD) and Logical Form(Parallelism of ACD). On the Grammar Model, the researcher deduces several ACD Reconstruction Candidates. For evaluating the Candidates(to choose Optimal Candidate), the researcher applies some Constraints. The Constraints are *AMBIGUITY(No Ambiguity), PREDICATION, and PARALLELISM. The research shows that, in English, there is a ranking system for choosing Optimal ACD reconstruction: *AMBIGUITY >> PARALLELISM >> PREDICATION. This research argues that the ranking system is connected with the cognitive system: avoiding ambiguity and focusing on the relations between two propositions. The argument related with the ACD reconstruction and the cognitive system could be connected with English education in terms of the possibility that studying English speakers’ cognitive system could be a useful resource for English teaching. Optimality Approach could be the first step for the studies.